Phila Portia Ndwandwe (6 February 1965 – 1988), also known as Zandile or Zandi) was a fighter of the Natal cadre of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) formed by Muzi Ngwenya (Thami Zulu or “TZ”) operating from Swaziland. MK was the armed wing (Spear of the Nation) of the African National Congress, created by Nelson Mandela in 1961. Zandi was a mother when she was abducted by Apartheid forces and tortured. She was executed.[1]
KwaZulu-Natal origins edit
In 1985, 21-year-old Zandi was a Dental Therapy student when she was recruited into the ANC and became an MK fighter. Three years later, she was abducted in Swaziland by Durban Security Branch members at the Manzini Arms, a residence. She was an activist living in Durban who was under surveillance and arrested on terrorism charges before fleeing to exile in Swaziland. Hers was the first body disinterred by the Truth and Reconciliation commission. During the TRC's hearing the Officer that confessed to being part of the group that shot her led authorities to the place on the Elandkop farm where they had buried her.[2] On March 12, 1997, Ndwandwe's skeleton was unearthed in a field in KwaZulu-Natal and her 9-year-old son attended her state funeral with his grandparents and Nelson Mandela.[3] She had been stripped and beaten repeatedly in an effort to 'turn' her but she steadfastly refused to talk. One of her captors described her refusal as "Brave, very brave." Having no prosecutable evidence against Zandi they decided to kill her and hide the body, covering it with lime and a plastic sheet.[4] 11 former members of the security forces received amnesty and the informers who kidnapped her were not revealed.[5]
Her father, Nason Ndwandwe had feared that she had become an 'askari'-- an accomplice or informer to the apartheid regime when she did not return with Nelson Mandela and the ANC in 1993, so he applied to the TRC for a formal inquiry. TRC investigator Stephanie Miller found evidence of a police 'hit squad' operating in Durban and brought pressure to bear on the members.[6] By 1997 those whom had applied for amnesty revealed to the commission the story of her abduction and subsequent murder. After her disappearance her family had been told that she had eloped to Tanzania.[7]
Memorials and awards edit
In 2003 Ndwandwe received the Order of Mendi for Bravery in Silver for:
Demonstrating Bravery and valor and for sacrificing her life for her comrades in the cause for a non-racial, non-sexist and democratic South Africa.
There is a road named for her memory in Isipingo Rail, south of Durban in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Another road in eThekwini named Phila Ndwandwe Road is located in the N-section of Umlazi.[8][9]
Art that was dedicated to her homemade plastic panties, a floating blue plastic dress by artist Judith Mason titled "BLUE DRESS" is hanging in the Constitutional Court in the city of Johannesburg.[10]
Sister, a plastic bag may not be the whole armor of God, but you were wrestling with flesh and blood, and against powers, against the rulers of darkness, against spiritual wickedness in sordid places.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "The South African freedom fighter who wouldn't betray her comrades and lost her life for it". 6 August 2018.
- ^ "The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990" (PDF). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report. 2. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa): 333.
The consequence in these cases, such as the Magoo's Bar and the Durban Esplanade bombings, were gross violations of human rights in that they resulted in injuries to and the deaths of civilians.
- ^ "Story of Female Liberation Fighter Who Was Killed by White-Apartheid Police (Phila Portia Ndwandwe) | Liberty Writers Global". 27 August 2020.
- ^ "Phila Portia Ndwandwe". www.sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016.
- ^ "11 former security police get amnesty".
- ^ "Family reunited as South Africa makes peace with past". www.justice.gov.za. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. South African Press Association. 9 May 1997. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014.
- ^ "Digging up the Dead". The New Yorker. 2 November 1997.
- ^ "Contributions by Hillary Mubvinzi". Contributions by Hillary Mubvinzi.
- ^ "Durban streets named after women of valour". www.iol.co.za.
- ^ Vorster, Stacey Leigh (2018). "Storytelling and fraught histories: Phila Ndwandwe's Blue Dress". Safundi. 19 (2): 164–189. doi:10.1080/17533171.2018.1434932. S2CID 149585476.
- ^ Buikema, Rosemarie (January 2012). "Monumental dresses. Coming to terms with racial repression". Brigitte Hipfl & Kristín Loftsdóttir (Eds) Teaching Race with a Gendered Edge. doi:10.1515/9786155225062-005.
- ^ "Judith Mason, The Man Who Sang and the Woman Who Kept Silent (triptych), 1998, mixed media/oil on canvas". ccac.org.za. Constitutional Court of South Africa Art collection. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017.