The P-30 "Khrustal" (Russian: Хрусталь; English: crystal), also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Big Mesh" in the west, is a 2D E band/F band[1] radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
 CIA illustration of a P-30 | |
| Country of origin |  Soviet Union |
|---|---|
| Introduced | 1955 |
| Type | Early warning Ground control |
| Frequency | E band/F band |
| Range | 180 km (112 miles) |
| Altitude | 12 km (40,000 feet) |
| Azimuth | 360 degrees |
| Power | 1 MW |
Development edit
The P-30 was developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering (VNIIRT)[2] as an early warning ground control and interception radar for the Soviet Air Defence Forces, airforce and navy of the Soviet Union. Crystal was a development of an earlier radar design, the P-20 radar with which it shares many similarities. The radar was developed under the direction of chief designer V. Samarin and by 1955 the radar had completed state trials and was accepted into service.[3]
In 1958 the P-30 was upgraded to provide a 10-15% improvement in the detection range as well as improvements to the systems reliability, the modernised variant entered service in 1959 after completion of state trials.[3] The P-30 has now been superseded by its successors, the P-35 and P-37 radar.
Description edit
The P-30 is a semi-mobile radar consisting of a trailer mounting the control cabin and transmitter equipment, two Zil trucks carrying the power supply equipment and antenna trailers.[3] The antenna system of the P-30 is composed of two open frame truncated parabolic antenna accomplishing both transmission and reception. Both antenna are fed by a stacked beam composed of six feed horns.[4] The radar uses two antenna to determine target altitude by the V-beam system with azimuth scanned mechanically. The upper antenna is tilted to an angle of 25 degrees[4] from horizontal which results in each target appearing twice on the indicator, the distance between the two allows the targets altitude to be approximately estimated by the operator.[5] The left hand side of the lower antenna carried the antenna array of the NRS-20 IFF secondary radar, which was used to identify detected aircraft as friend or foe.[5]
Variants edit
Operators edit
The P-30 was operated by the Soviet Union from 1955 and though they have since become obsolete, they were passed down to successor states after the fall of the Soviet Union. The radar has been exported and continues to serve in some areas around the world.
See also edit
External links edit
- VNIIRT Archived 2009-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
References edit
- ^ Nance W.H (1968). "Quality Elint". Studies in Intelligence. 12 (2 (Spring)): 7–19.
- ^ история: 1947-1970 гг. (in Russian). VNIIRT. 15 January 2002. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ a b c РЛС П-30 (in Russian). pvo.guns.ru. 7 August 2000. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ a b "'Big Mesh' GCI radar (Russian Federation), Intelligence systems - Direction-finding". Jane's. 8 June 2000. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ a b Wolff, Christian (2008). "P-30 'Big Mesh'". Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ English Translation of Technical Description of Display Equipment of the Soviet P-30-M (BIG BAR) Radar (PDF) (Report). Central Intelligence Agency (published 24 October 2013). June 1964. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense Volume II (PDF). United States Army Center of Military History. 2009 [1975]. pp. 277–279.