The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nanotechnology:
Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
Branches of nanotechnology edit
- Green nanotechnology – use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental-sustainability of processes currently producing negative externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability.
- Nanoengineering – practice of engineering on the nanoscale.
Multi-disciplinary fields that include nanotechnology edit
- Nanobiotechnology – intersection of nanotechnology and biology.[1]
- Ceramic engineering – science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials.
- Materials science – interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. It investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties.
- Nanoarchitectonics – arranging nanoscale structural units, which are usually a group of atoms or molecules, in an intended configuration.
- Molecular engineering
Contributing fields edit
Nanoscience edit
- Nanoelectronics – use of nanotechnology on electronic components, including transistors so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively.
- Nanomechanics – branch of nanoscience studying fundamental mechanical (elastic, thermal and kinetic) properties of physical systems at the nanometer scale.
- Nanophotonics – study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale.
Other contributing fields edit
Risks of nanotechnology edit
Applications of nanotechnology edit
- Energy applications of nanotechnology
- Quantum computing – computation using quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform data operations.
- List of nanotechnology applications
Nanomaterials edit
- Nanomaterials – field that studies materials with morphological features on the nanoscale, and especially those that have special properties stemming from their nanoscale dimensions.
Fullerenes and carbon forms edit
Fullerene – any molecule composed entirely of carbon, in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Fullerene spheres and tubes have applications in nanotechnology.
- Allotropes of carbon –
- Aggregated diamond nanorods –
- Buckypaper –
- Carbon nanofoam –
- Carbon nanotube –
- Fullerene chemistry –
- Endohedral fullerenes –
- Fullerite –
- Graphene –
- Potential applications of carbon nanotubes –
- Timeline of carbon nanotubes –
Nanoparticles and colloids edit
- Ceramics processing –
- Colloid –
- Colloidal crystal –
- Diamondoids –
- Nanocomposite –
- Nanocrystal –
- Nanostructure –
- Nanocages –
- Nanocomposite –
- Nanofabrics –
- Nanofiber –
- Nanofoam –
- Nanoknot –
- Nanomesh –
- Nanopillar –
- Nanopin film –
- Nanoring –
- Nanorod –
- Nanoshell –
- Nanotube –
- Quantum dot –
- Quantum heterostructure –
- Sculptured thin film –
Nanomedicine edit
Molecular self-assembly edit
Nanoelectronics edit
- Break junction –
- Chemical vapor deposition –
- Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
- Nanocircuits –
- Nanocomputer –
- Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)
- Surface micromachining –
- Nanoelectromechanical relays
Molecular electronics edit
Nanolithography edit
Molecular nanotechnology edit
Devices edit
- Micromachinery –
- Nano-abacus –
- Nanomotor –
- Nanopore –
- Quantum point contact –
- Synthetic molecular motors –
- Carbon nanotube actuators –
Microscopes and other devices edit
Notable organizations in nanotechnology edit
List of nanotechnology organizations
Government edit
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- National Nanotechnology Initiative (US)
- Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (RU)
- Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) (EU)
Advocacy and information groups edit
- American Chemistry Council (US)
- American Nano Society (US)
- Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (US)
- Foresight Institute (US)
- Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies (global)
Manufacturers edit
- Cerion Nanomaterials, Metal / Metal Oxide / Ceramic Nanoparticles (US)
- OCSiAl, Carbon Nanotubes (Luxembourg)
Notable figures in nanotechnology edit
- Phaedon Avouris - first electronic devices made out of carbon nanotubes
- Gerd Binnig - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope
- Heinrich Rohrer - co-inventor of the scanning tunneling microscope
- Vicki Colvin Director for the Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology, Rice University
- Eric Drexler - was the first to theorise about nanotechnology in depth and popularised the subject
- Richard Feynman - gave the first mention of some of the distinguishing concepts in a 1959 talk, entitled There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom
- Robert Freitas - nanomedicine theorist
- Andre Geim - Discoverer of 2-D carbon film called graphene
- Sumio Iijima - discoverer of carbon nanotube
- Harry Kroto - co-discoverer of buckminsterfullerene
- Akhlesh Lakhtakia - conceptualized sculptured thin films
- Ralph Merkle - nanotechnology theorist
- Carlo Montemagno - inventor ATP nanobiomechanical motor (UCLA)
- Erwin Wilhelm Müller - invented the field ion microscope, and the atom probe
- Chris Phoenix - co-founder of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
- Uri Sivan - set up and led the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Research Institute at Technion in Israel
- Richard Smalley - co-discoverer of buckminsterfullerene
- Norio Taniguchi - coined the term "nano-technology"
- Mike Treder - co-founder of the Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
- Joseph Wang - pioneer in electrochemical sensors exploiting nanostructured materials; synthetic nanomotors
- Alex Zettl - Built the first molecular motor based on carbon nanotubes
- Russell M. Taylor II - co-director of the UNC CISMM
- Adriano Cavalcanti - nanorobot expert working at CAN
- Lajos P. Balogh - editor in chief of the Precision Nanomedicine journal
- Charles M. Lieber - pioneer on nanoscale materials (Harvard)
See also edit
- Place these
Further reading edit
- Engines of Creation, by Eric Drexler
- Nanosystems, by Eric Drexler
- Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the Next Big Idea by Mark and Daniel Ratner, ISBN 0-13-101400-5
- There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom by Richard Feynman
- The challenges of nanotechnology by Claire Auplat[2][3]
References edit
- ^ Ehud Gazit, Plenty of room for biology at the bottom: An introduction to bionanotechnology. Imperial College Press, 2007, ISBN 978-1-86094-677-6
- ^ Auplat, Claire (2012). "The challenges of nanotechnology policy making - Part 1". Global Policy. 3 (4): 492–500. doi:10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00159.x.
- ^ Auplat, Claire (2013). "The challenges of nanotechnology policy making - Part 2". Global Policy. 4 (1): 101–107. doi:10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00160.x.
External links edit
- NanoTechMap The online exhibition of nanotechnology featuring over 4000 registered companies
- Nanotechnology at Curlie
- What is Nanotechnology? (A Vega/BBC/OU Video Discussion).
- Course on Introduction to Nanotechnology
- Nanex Project
- SAFENANO A nanotechnology initiative of the Institute of Occupational Medicine
- Glossary of Drug Nanotechnology