Ouranopithecus macedoniensis is a prehistoric species of Ouranopithecus from the Late Miocene of Greece.[1] See more detail at Ouranopithecus.
| Ouranopithecus macedoniensis Temporal range: Miocene
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| Ouranopithecus macedoniensis skull in the French National Museum of Natural History, Paris | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Genus: | †Ouranopithecus |
| Species: | †O. macedoniensis
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| Binomial name | |
| †Ouranopithecus macedoniensis Bonis & Melentis, 1977
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This species is known from three localities in Northern Greece. The type location is Ravin de la Pluie. The other localities are Chalkidiki and Xirochori. The first specimen of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis with upper deciduous teeth is described from the Ravin de la Pluie locality in Axios Valley.[2]
It is known from a large collection of cranial fossils and few postcranial. The material has been dated to the late Miocene 9.6 – 8.7 million years old, so slightly earlier than O. turkae.[1] To some this suggests O. turkae is the direct descendant of O. macedoniensis, although it is generally accepted that they are sister taxa.[3]
Etymology edit
The specific epithet macedoniensis is due to the holotype fossil's discovery location in Macedonia, Greece.
Habitat edit
Examination of dental remains of O. macedoniensis and associated bovid species indicate a habitat of low tree cover and a rich herbaceous layer.[4]
Morphology edit
O. macedoniensis had a large, broad face with a prominent supraorbital torus. It also had square-shaped orbits.[5]O. macedoniensis may have had a relatively large body size. The postcranial evidence is thin, but the dentition of O. macedoniensis suggests extreme sexual dimorphism, a far higher degree than that seen in any extant great ape.[4] The ape was probably a quadruped. It is not possible to postulate on how O. macedoniensis used the trees but it seems likely that it did. O. macedoniensis's molar enamel cover was fairly thick and had low cusps. The male O. macedoniensis had large canine teeth with shearing lower premolars.[4]
Diet edit
Based on the heavily pitted surface of the second molar of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis, it is assumed that its diet consisted of harder foods such as nuts or tubers.[4]
Behaviour edit
Behaviour is very difficult to infer in species with such a small diversity of fossil remains. The large body size may have made climbing difficult in some aspects so it may have been a terrestrial forager but this is speculation within the literature.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c Merceron; Blondel; De Bonis; Koufos; Viriot (2005). "A New Method of Dental Microwear Analysis: Application to Extant Primates and Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Late Miocene of Greece)". PALAIOS. 20 (6): 551–561. Bibcode:2005Palai..20..551M. doi:10.2110/palo.2004.p04-17. S2CID 84921970.
- ^ Koufos, G. D.; Plastiras, C.-A.; David, C. N.; Sagris, D. (2023). "The Late Miocene hominoid Ouranopithecus macedoniensis (Bonis, Bouvrain, Geraads & Melentis, 1974): maxillary deciduous dentition and virtual reconstruction of the unerupted permanent teeth". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 22 (33): 667–688. doi:10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a33. S2CID 265176590.
- ^ Güleç; Sevim; Pehlevan; Kaya (2007). "A new great ape from the late Miocene of Turkey". Anthropological Science. 115 (2): 153–158. doi:10.1537/ase.070501.
- ^ a b c d Schrein, Caitlin M. (2006). "Metric variation and sexual dimporphism in the dentition of Ouranopithecus macedoniensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 50 (4): 460–468. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.11.007. PMID 16413596.
- ^ de Bonis, Louis; et al. (1990). "New hominoid skull material from the late Miocene of Macedonia in Northern Greece". Nature. 345 (6277): 712–4. Bibcode:1990Natur.345..712D. doi:10.1038/345712a0. PMID 2193230. S2CID 4259387.