North Shields Pottery was an English pottery manufacturer that created earthenware ceramics from circa 1814 to circa 1913 under a succession of owners and company names.
The company was first established at the Low Lights, North Shields, in c.1814[1] possibly by Collingwood & Beall.
Subsequently, the business became a partnership with John Thompson, trading as "William Collingwood & Company". Although this firm was dissolved in February 1819, William Collingwood carried on alone.[2] Unfortunately, he was soon declared bankrupt[3] and by 1823 the business was owned by Nicholas Bird and trading as "Bird & Co.".[4]
In October 1826 the business was advertised for sale, under the name of "The Northumberland Earthenware Manufactory"[5] and a little later, Mr Bird was also declared bankrupt in October 1827[6] and the business was sold at auction in January 1828.[7]
In August 1828, it was announced that the business was now owned by Messrs Robert Cornfoot & John B. Colville, and had commenced business as Cornfoot, Colville & Co., advising the public that they had engaged the services of an experienced, steady and active manager from the Staffordshire Potteries.[8]
However, in May 1831 the business was again up for sale[9] and by March 1832 "The North Shields Earthenware Manufactory" was doing business under the ownership of Cornfoot, Carr & Co., advertising to the public for home consumption or exportation, their stock of best quality goods and ornamental vases of superior quality and exquisite workmanship.[10]
Robert Cornfoot died in November 1837,[11] and in February 1838 the firm became known as "Carr and Patton" and were able, by their alliance with an eminent Staffordshire manufactory, to procure the newest models and patterns of any article of china of the best quality and fashion at manufacturers prices.[12] In July 1838, they provided the plates, etc., for a Coronation celebration dinner given by the Borough of Tynemouth, for around 900 aged North Shields seamen, each piece having a portrait of the Queen in the centre surrounded by an inscription.[13] In March 1844, an alarming fire was discovered to be raging in Carr & Patton's extensive pottery at North Shields and almost the entire stock and materials were lost.[14] By 1846, Carr and Patton were listed as the owners of both North Shields Pottery and the Phoenix Pottery in Newcastle,[15] and a thorough description of the activities and procedures of the business at North Shields was featured in the local press[16] but this partnership was dissolved on 31 December 1846[17] and by 1850 the North Shields pottery was trading as "Carr & Co.". A few years later, in 1855, they announced the opening of a show room in Norfolk Street in the town, under the name of "John Carr & Son".[18]
Having produced brown and black wares in addition to the ordinary earthenware since the start, this was discontinued in 1856 and substituted with white, cream coloured, printed, painted and lustred (Sunderland Lustreware) varieties. These were also exported, principally to the Mediterranean ports and via Alexandria to Cairo and across the Red Sea to Bombay (Mumbai).[19]
In February 1857, the business was again put up for sale, John Carr intending to retire,[20] but on this occasion, it did not change hands. In 1861, the name changed to "John Carr & Sons" and the firm remained as such until it closed.[21] John Carr Snr. died in November 1863[22] and the business now passed into the hands of his sons. In 1873, recruitment of pottery staff was advertised in Glasgow[23] and Staffordshire.[24] Fire was a constant hazard and two fires, in February 1881[25] and December 1882[26] each caused a considerable amount of damage.
In April 1884, another fire broke out in the drying house and the building was completely gutted, damage was estimated to be under £1000.00.[27] In June 1893, John Carr Jnr.,Arnold Ormston Carr and Joseph James Carr left the remaining brother, Robert Cornfoot Carr, to continue the business as a Flint Grinder and Glazed Brick manufacturer on his own, but under the same name of John Carr and Sons.[28] Later that year, the sale took place of much of the moulds[29] and machinery[30] then, in December 1893, a further fire broke out in the printing and dipping department and again the building was gutted and damage was considerable, very many pieces of ware in the final stages of preparation were lost.[31] The remaining stock of pottery was taken over by one of the employees, Mr.M.King, and sold from a large warehouse on the premises.[32]
The manufacture of pottery had actually been discontinued since June[33] and the end of pottery making in North Shields was confirmed with the sale of the remaining plant and machinery in March 1894. The company did continue in the manufacture of glazed bricks and other similar items, until around 1910.[[34] The firm eventually closed completely and the buildings were dismantled in 1913.[35]
A lasting example of the company's white glazed bricks can be seen on the frontage of three terraces in Whitley Bay - Percy, Warkworth and Alnwick Avenues - built in 1900 on land sold by the Northumberland Estate
During renovation work on nearby Cliffords Fort, whilst re-opening some embrasures which were bricked up during the 1880s, it was discovered that they had been filled with quantities of pottery waste from the Low Lights Pottery. As much of the production was for export, particularly to India and Egypt, many of the forms and patterns found were of a type not seen on Tyneside and it is hoped that enough material will be recovered to put together a small exhibition.[36]
The importance of the pottery to the local economy can be shown by the numbers employed. In 1851, this was 65 men, 32 women, 26 boys and 22 girls.[37] In 1861 this had become 50 men, 15 women and 20 boys.[38] Ten years later, this had changed to 54 men, 28 women, 38 boys and 22 girls,[39] and in 1881, adult employment had increased to 72 men, 45 women plus 21 boys[40]
References edit
- ^ "North Shields, Carr's Pottery/Low Lights Pottery". 26 May 2021.
- ^ London Gazette 9 February 1819
- ^ London Gazette 16 October 1819
- ^ Tyneside Pottery
- ^ Newcastle Courant 4 November 1826
- ^ Blackwood's Magazine Volume 22 July–December 1827
- ^ Newcastle Courant 22 December 1827
- ^ Newcastle Courant 16 August 1828
- ^ Newcastle Courant 28 May 1831
- ^ Northumberland Advertiser 13 March 1832
- ^ Newcastle Courant 10 November 1837
- ^ Newcastle Journal 24 February 1838
- ^ Newcastle Journal 7 July 1838
- ^ York Herald 30 March 1844
- ^ The Maritime Plan or Chart of the River Tyne
- ^ Newcastle Guardian and Tyne Mercury 29 August 1846
- ^ London Gazette 5 January 1847
- ^ Shields Daily News 27 December 1855
- ^ Maling and other Tyneside Potteries
- ^ Glasgow Herald 20 February 1857
- ^ Ward's Directory 1861, 1901.
- ^ Shields Daily Gazette 28 November 1863
- ^ Glasgow Herald 2 May 1873
- ^ Staffordshire Sentinel 24 July 1873
- ^ Shields Daily Gazette 7 February 1881
- ^ Shields Daily Gazette 26 December 1882
- ^ Shields Daily News 4 April 1884
- ^ London Gazette 18 July 1893
- ^ Shields Daily Gazette 17 November 1893
- ^ Shields Daily Gazette 6 December 1893
- ^ Shields Daily News 8 December 1893
- ^ Shields Daily News 24 March 1894
- ^ London Gazette 8 December 1893
- ^ Kelly's Directory 1910
- ^ Shields Daily News 2 October 1924
- ^ Tyne and Wear Conservation Team Annual Report 2002-03
- ^ National Census 1851
- ^ National Census 1861
- ^ National Census 1871
- ^ National Census 1881.
Bibliography edit
- Bell, R. C. (1971). Tyneside Pottery. Studio Vista. ISBN 0-289-70053-1.
- Bell, R. C.; Gill, M. A. V. (1973). The Potteries of Tyneside. Frank Graham. ISBN 0-902833-77-4.
- Bell, R. C. (1989). Maling & other Tyneside Potteries. Shire Publications Ltd. ISBN 0-85263-792-6.
- Jewitt, Llewellynn (1878). The Ceramic Art of Great Britain from Prehistoric Times down to the Present Day. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-104-90975-8.
- Gibson, M. (2006). 19th Century Lustreware. Antique Collectors Club. ISBN 978-1-85149-306-7.
- Blacker, J. F. (1911). Nineteenth Century English Ceramic Art. Stanley Paul Ltd. ISBN 978-1-151-75578-0.
External links edit
- List of Marks (John Carr) (The Potteries)
- Plaque Examples (Cornfoot Colville and Co.and John Carr) (Mate Sound the Pump)
- Tyneside Transfer Examples(United Collections)