Norman "Norm" Gardner (born February 13, 1938) is a politician and administrator in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is a former North York and Toronto City Councillor, serving most recently as chair of the Toronto Police Services Board (1998–2003). He was subsequently chair of the board of the Mackenzie Institute for several years.
Norm Gardner | |
|---|---|
| Chair of the Toronto Police Services Board | |
| In office 1998–2004 | |
| Preceded by | Maureen Prinsloo |
| Succeeded by | Alan Heisey |
| Toronto City Councillor for (Ward 10) North York Centre | |
| In office January 1, 1998 – December 1, 2000 Serving with John Filion | |
| Preceded by | Ward created |
| Succeeded by | Ward abolished |
| Metro Toronto Councillor, North York Centre Ward | |
| In office December 1, 1988 – December 31, 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Ward established |
| Succeeded by | City amalgamated |
| North York City Controller and Metro Toronto Councillor | |
| In office 1985–1988 | |
| Preceded by | Esther Shiner, Barbara Greene, Robert Yuill and William Sutherland |
| Succeeded by | Position eliminated |
| In office 1980–1982 | |
| Preceded by | Barbara Greene, Esther Shiner, Robert Yuill, Irving Paisley |
| Succeeded by | Esther Shiner, Barbara Greene, Robert Yuill, William Sutherland |
| North York Alderman, Ward Nine | |
| In office 1976–1980 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 13, 1938 |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation | Businessman |
Private life and career edit
Gardner served ten years in the Canadian Forces, and was a member of The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada, a Primary Reserve unit.
He has been the regional manager for a pharmaceutical company.[1] He owns Toronto's Steeles Bakery, and often brought doughnuts, bagels and other baked goods from his store to distribute at council meetings in the 1980s and 1990s.[2] He was president of the provincial Armourdale Liberal Association in 1974, and served on the Labour Committee of the Ontario Liberal Party in the same period.[3]
North York councillor edit
Ward councillor edit
Gardner was first elected to the North York city council in 1976, following two unsuccessful attempts. He was re-elected as an alderman in 1978, and was selected as one of the city's representatives on the Metro Toronto council in December of the same year.[4] He soon became a reliable ally of Metro Chair Paul Godfrey.[5] Gardner won the support of local Progressive Conservatives in his municipal campaigns, and left the Liberals to take out a Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario membership in 1980.[6]
He supported Canada's boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow as a protest against the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan. He also recommended that Canada consider banning Soviet vessels from its trading ports.[7]
Controller edit
Gardner was elected to the North York Board of Control in 1980, a position that gave him an automatic seat on the Metro Council. He supported grants to community groups in the 1980 campaign to alleviate social problems, and was described in a The Globe and Mail editorial as a possible voice of progressive reform.[8] He was narrowly defeated in 1982, but returned to the Board of Control in 1985. His supporters in the 1985 election included former Toronto Mayor John Sewell, who said that Gardner's election would add "continuity, restraint and attention to administrative detail" to the Board of Control.[9]
An avid gun collector in private life, Gardner served on the federal firearms advisory council after his defeat. He argued against tighter restrictions on gun ownership, saying "We're not the people who commit crime. Why make it tougher for somebody who is looking after his collection in a responsible manner?"[10]
Gardner ran for the Metro Toronto Police Commission after his 1985 re-election, losing on his first bid to Toronto Mayor Art Eggleton in a Metro Council vote.[11] Gardner again contested the seat following Eggleton's resignation in 1986 and defeated Jack Layton, his only challenger, by a vote of thirty-two to six.
Shortly after his appointment to the Police Commission, the Toronto Star newspaper quoted him as saying that store owners should arm themselves against robbers. Gardner said he was misquoted, and that he had been talking about the response of store owners in Calgary and Montreal to recent shootings in those cities. The Star refused to retract its story.[12] Some councillors suggested that Gardner be recalled from the commission, but no action was taken.
Gardner tried to discourage complaints against police officers for car chases in crowded urban areas. Critics argued that such chases put pedestrians at risk. Gardner warned that cars could become sanctuaries for criminals if the police discontinued such chases.[13]
Gardner was generally on the right-wing of the North York council, although he took progressive positions on some issues. He endorsed a proposal to create co-operative housing for low-income families in the city, and later supported a five-year grant to a paper recycling firm.[14] He also opposed plans for Sunday shopping extensions in the late 1980s.[15]
Provincial campaign edit
He rejoined the Ontario Liberal Party in early 1987, and sought the party's nomination for Willowdale in the 1987 provincial election. He said that his previous membership in the Progressive Conservative Party was "a good vehicle to use in the interests of my constituents", but added that he did not renew his membership in 1986. He also said that Liberal Premier David Peterson had "done a good job" in office.[6] Gardner lost the nomination to Gino Matrundola.[16]
Metro Toronto councillor (full-time) edit
First term edit
Metro Toronto's system of government was changed in 1988, with the abolition of municipal control boards and the introduction of direct elections to Metro Council. Gardner was elected without opposition for the North York Centre ward. He supported Alan Tonks over Dennis Flynn for the position of Metro Chair, and was subsequently appointed to Metro's executive committee and re-appointed to the police commission.[17] Gardner frequently defended Metro police officers against accusations of racism, and was sometimes described as resisting efforts towards police reform.[18]
In early 1989, Gardner controversially recommended that the maximum age covered by the Young Offenders Act be lowered from 17 to 12.[19] In 1991, he recommended a five-year minimum prison sentence without parole for criminals who use firearms in the commission of an offense.[20]
In January 1991, Gardner appeared before a House of Commons committee examining gun control legislation. The Toronto Star quoted him as telling the committee that "foreigners and illegal immigrants" were responsible for most illegal guns coming into the city. Another media report indicates that Gardner identified "Jamaican posses and Asian crime gangs" as being responsible for most of Toronto's illegal weapons.[21] Reformist police commissioner Susan Eng requested that Gardner resign in light of these comments. He refused, stating that he had been misquoted.[22] Gardner later opposed Eng's appointment as chair of the Police Services Board.[23]
In late 1991, Gardner argued that attempts by the federal government to toughen gun controls would not make anyone in Metro Toronto safer.[24]
Second term edit
Gardner was re-elected to council in 1991, was subsequently returned to the Police Services Board. In February 1992, he opposed a plan to allow civilian investigations to precede internal police probes into shootings by officers.[25]
In March 1992, Gardner shot and wounded a man who was attempting to rob his bakery. It was later revealed that Gardner had a special "protection-of-life" permit that allowed him to carry a loaded weapon. He later said that he received this permit following a death threat, an assertion that commission chair Susan Eng questioned.[26] Eng called for him to resign pending an investigation, and councillor Brian Ashton suggested that Gardner should have been criminally charged to prevent Toronto shopkeepers from arming themselves and taking vigilante actions against criminals. Gardner denied that his actions constituted vigilantism, saying that the robber (who was unarmed) ran toward him yelling "Go ahead and shoot".[27] The police declined to lay charges.
Gardner was a staunch supporter of the police administration during his tenure as a commissioner. In May 1992, Gardner was the only member of the Police Services Board to vote against restrictions on the use of firearms by police officers.[28] Later in the year, he supported a protest by the Metropolitan Toronto Police Association against a new provincial law that required officers to file a written report after drawing their guns.[29] Gardner also defended police use of pepper spray, stating that it prevented numerous injuries.[30] In June 1994, he was the only police service board member to oppose a ban on the private ownership and possession of handguns.[31]
Gardner stepped down from the Police Service Board in November 1992, having reached the maximum of six years. Brian Ashton was chosen as his replacement.[32] Shortly after leaving the board, Gardner called for the creation of a special hate crimes unit in Metro Toronto to target neo-Nazis and other racists.[33]
Gardner was approached by the Reform Party of Canada to campaign in the 1993 federal election, but declined.[34] He instead announced that he would seek the Liberal Party of Canada's nomination in Markham—Whitchurch—Stouffville. He campaigned in favour of tax breaks for corporations, and his nomination was supported by Canadian Handgun magazine, which featured him on its front cover.[35] Gardner appears to have dropped out of the nomination contest before a vote was held.
He was re-elected to the Police Services Board in November 1993, defeating fellow councillor Dennis Flynn by a vote of 17 to 16.[36]
Third term edit
Gardner was re-elected to the Metro Council without opposition in 1994. He sought reappointment to the Police Services Board after the election, but unexpectedly lost to Brian Ashton.[37] Ashton resigned his commission seat in May 1996, however, and Gardner was elected as his replacement.[38]
In 1996, he supported a plan to fingerprint provincial welfare recipients.[39]
Federal campaign edit
Gardner left the Liberals to join the Progressive Conservatives a second time during the mid-1990s. He was the Progressive Conservative candidate in Willowdale for the 1997 federal election, and lost to Liberal incumbent Jim Peterson by 17,000 votes.
Toronto city councillor edit
He was elected to Toronto city council in 1997, the first election for the new amalgamated municipality under the City of Toronto Act. Each ward elected two councillors in that election, and Gardner finished second, 2,000 votes behind John Filion, a former school trustee making his first bid for city council.[40] He supported Mel Lastman's bid to become mayor of the amalgamated city.[41]
In early 1998, Gardner unseated Maureen Prinsloo as chair of the Toronto Police Services Board.[42] He was supported by those board members appointed by the provincial Progressive Conservative government of Mike Harris, as well as Mayor Mel Lastman and his supporters.[43][44] The right-wing Toronto Sun praised him as "pro-police", while the centre-left Toronto Star argued that he had developed a "reputation as an apologist for police".[45]
In June 1998, Gardner supported a comprehensive overhaul of the police service's administrative structure.[46] He also supported a plan by Police Chief David Boothby to replace the city's public complaints bureau with a more decentralized model.[47] The following month, he concluded a deal to make Toronto police officers the highest-paid in Ontario—higher pay would help Metro retain skilled officers by offering competitive compensation.[48]
In the summer of 1998, an Ontario judge ruled that the Toronto police were negligent in using an unidentified woman as "bait" to catch the so-called Balcony Rapist (the woman was not informed that the rapist lived in her area, and was sexually assaulted). Gardner initially said that he had difficulty believing the police were negligent, and remarked that some women lie about being raped. He later apologized for his comments, and offered an official apology to the unidentified woman.[49]
Gardner supported the purchase of police helicopters in 1999 to provide the police additional tools to fight crime, an initiative that some other councillors criticized as both ineffective and too expensive.[50] He also recommended charging each business in Toronto a $15 fee to cover the costs of policing, an initiative that was quickly rejected by Mel Lastman.[51]
Gardner was a frequent rival of fellow commissioner Judy Sgro. Sgro left the Police Services Board in 1999, after complaining of intimidation from the Toronto police union.[52] On one occasion, Gardner was accused of allowing police union officials to harass and intimidate Sgro at an informal board meeting.[53] He denied that harassment occurred.[54]
Gardner and Fantino opposed the police union's controversial "Operation True Blue" telemarketing campaign in early 2000 and forced it to cease. The Toronto Star alleged that Gardner had made a secret deal with police union leader Craig Bromell to permit similar fundraising efforts in the future.[55] Gardner denied that a deal had been struck, and maintained that he consistently opposed the True Blue campaign.[56]
Provincial appointee edit
The method of election for city councillors changed with the 2000 election with a return to a one councillor per ward system. Facing a tough battle against Filion,[57] Gardner opted to retire from politics. With the support of Lastman and Toronto Police Association president Craig Bromell, the Harris government agreed to appoint Gardner to one of the provincially appointed seats on the board allowing him to continue as Police Services Board chairman without having a city council seat.[58] He was reappointed by the province to serve a full three-year term in September 2001.[59]
In October 2001, Gardner supported a decision by the Toronto police to compile a list of suspected terrorist sympathizers. During a radio interview on the subject, he said that he was "assuming that people on this list are predominantly of Middle Eastern descent". Both Gardner's comments and his support for the list were criticized by civil libertarians, including lawyer Clayton Ruby. Provincial Solicitor General David Turnbull defended both Gardner's comments and the police decision.[60]
Gardner supported a race relations probe in late 2002, following media reports that the Toronto police engaged in systemic discrimination against blacks.[61] He denied that racial profiling existed, but acknowledged that there was an understandable rationale behind the complaints.[62] He later criticized the Toronto Star for running a series of articles on racial profiling, arguing that they hindered the ability of police officers to do their job.[63]
Gardner stepped aside as Police Services Board chair in 2003 after it was discovered that he had accepted the gift of a handgun from the vice-president of Para-Ordinance Inc., a Toronto firearms manufacturer that Gardner assisted in getting a discount rate for an exhibition booth at the 2001 International Association of Chiefs of Police convention. Gardner reimbursed the manufacturer $700 for the weapon, a restricted semi-automatic pistol, shortly before the controversy was made public.[64] The initial six-week investigation by the Ontario Civilian Commission on Police Services (OCCOPS) resulted in a formal inquiry later in the year.[65] It was later revealed that Gardner also took 5,700 rounds of ammunition from the city's police services for his personal use, with the permission of the chief's office.[66] In 2004, it was revealed that Gardner had approved his own expenses for conference travel.[67]
Gardner was replaced as Police Services Board chair in January 2004 by Alan Heisey. In April, the OCCOPS inquiry ruled that Gardner came "a hair short" of misconduct in his acceptance of the handgun, but also ruled that his decision to accept free ammunition brought discredit to the board. He was suspended without pay from the board until the end of his term in December 2004. Gardner argued that he did nothing wrong, and appealed the decision.[68] He also refused to resign his commission seat for several months, a decision that left the board deadlocked between conservatives and progressives.[69] This division contributed, in part, to the controversial non-renewal of Chief Julian Fantino's contract.
An Ontario Court of Appeals decision later overturned Gardner's suspension on technical grounds, while offering no opinion on whether or not he had violated policy. Gardner publicly stated that the decision cleared his name, and announced his resignation from the Police Services Board on November 1, 2004, one month before his term was complete, stating that his reputation was intact.[70]
2007 provincial election edit
Gardner announced that he would seek the Progressive Conservative nomination in the Greater Toronto Area riding of Thornhill for the 2007 provincial election but, following pressure from the party leadership, agreed to withdraw in favour of CFRB talk show host Peter Shurman. Gardner told the Toronto Star that he would support Shurman in the general election because he's a "team player" but expressed his personal disappointment saying "I'm not jumping for joy, let's put it that way."[71]
2014 Toronto mayoral election edit
On January 30, 2014, Gardner registered as a candidate in Toronto's fall 2014 mayoral election.[72][73] His campaign received little attention; he was never considered a major candidate, did not register in opinion polls and was not invited to participate in mayoral debates. Gardner withdrew his candidacy on September 4, 2014.[72]
2018 municipal election edit
On June 27, 2018, at the age of 80, Gardner filed to run in the 2018 municipal election for Toronto City Council in Ward 28, which covers the neighbourhood of Willowdale that he represented in the past. Gardner was active opposing a proposal to restructure the stretch of Yonge Street between Finch and Sheppard Avenue by making it more pedestrian friendly by widening sidewalks and introducing bicycle lanes, arguing that the changes would cause traffic congestion.[74]
Gardner failed in his attempt to return to city council, receiving just over 5% of the vote, coming in sixth place.
Electoral record edit
| 2018 Toronto election, Ward 18 - Willowdale[75] | ||
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| John Filion | 8,104 | 31.06% |
| Lily Cheng | 5,149 | 19.74% |
| Sonny Cho | 3,130 | 12.00% |
| David Mousavi | 1,596 | 6.12% |
| Danny DeSantis | 1,486 | 5.70% |
| Norman Gardner | 1,476 | 5.67% |
| Sam Moini | 1,289 | 4.94% |
| Saman Tabasi Nejad | 1,189 | 4.56% |
| Winston Park | 593 | 2.27% |
| Gerald Mak | 545 | 2.09% |
| David Epstein | 538 | 2.06% |
| Albert Kim | 291 | 1.12% |
| Farah Aslani | 187 | 0.72% |
| Andrew Herbst | 162 | 0.62% |
| Hamid Shakeri | 122 | 0.47% |
| Chung Jin Park | 101 | 0.39% |
| Sam Mathi | 66 | 0.25% |
| Marvin Honickman | 61 | 0.23% |
| 1997 Toronto election, Ward 10 - North York Centre [76] | ||
| Candidate | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
| John Filion | 17,533 | 39.96% |
| Norman Gardner | 15,135 | 34.49% |
| Ron Summers | 11,212 | 25.55% |
| 1997 Canadian federal election: Willowdale | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | ||||
| Liberal | Jim Peterson | 27,311 | 58.3 | -2.8 | ||||
| Progressive Conservative | Norm Gardner | 10,043 | 21.4 | +4.8 | ||||
| Reform | Peter Cobbold | 6,007 | 12.8 | -2.4 | ||||
| New Democratic | Mikael Swayze | 2,833 | 6.0 | +2.4 | ||||
| Natural Law | Don Murray | 268 | 0.6 | 0.0 | ||||
| Independent | Paul Coulbeck | 266 | 0.6 | |||||
| Canadian Action | Randall Whitcomb | 128 | 0.3 | |||||
| Total valid votes | 46,856 | 100.0 | ||||||
Metro Councillor edit
- 1994- North York Centre
- Norman Gardner (incumbent) - acclaimed
- 1991- North York Centre
- Norman Gardner (incumbent) - 12,119
- Jeffrey Smith - 3,028
- 1988- North York Centre
- Norman Gardner (incumbent) - acclaimed
North York Council edit
| 1985 Toronto municipal election: North York Board of Control (four members elected) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidate | Votes | % | ||||||
| (x)Esther Shiner | 67,345 | 19.47 | ||||||
| (x)Robert Yuill | 53,709 | 15.53 | ||||||
| Norman Gardner | 51,137 | 14.78 | ||||||
| Howard Moscoe | 42,303 | 12.23 | ||||||
| Mike Foster | 35,838 | 10.36 | ||||||
| Frank Esposito | 21,365 | 6.18 | ||||||
| Bruce Davidson | 18,926 | 5.47 | ||||||
| Sonnee Cohen | 12,822 | 3.71 | ||||||
| Bernadette Michael | 12,764 | 3.69 | ||||||
| Angelo Natale | 12,416 | 3.59 | ||||||
| Cora Urbel | 7,791 | 2.25 | ||||||
| Arthur Zins | 4,961 | 1.43 | ||||||
| Ayube Ally | 4,571 | 1.32 | ||||||
| Total valid votes | 345,948 | 100.00 | ||||||
- 1982 Board of Control
- (x)Esther Shiner
- Barbara Greene
- (x)Robert Yuill
- (x)William Sutherland
- (x)Norm Gardner
- Frank Esposito
- Tony D'amato
- Bernadette Michael
- Sonnee Cohen
- Agostino Settecase
- Richard Kirkup
- 1980 Board of Control
- (x)Esther Shiner 55,986
- (x)Robert Yuill 44,544
- William Sutherland 36,562
- Norm Gardner 36,402
- (x)Irv Paisley 35,590
- Jane McGivern 29,934
- Frank Esposito 17,643
- Donna Wilson 17,104
- Bernadette Michael 11,604
(1257 of 1379 polls)
- 1978 Ward 9 Alderman
- (x)Norman Gardner - 5,914
- Morry Smith - 3,526
- 1976 Ward 9 Alderman
- (x)Norm Gardner - 1,985
- Stanley - 1,251
- Libman - 942
- Nelson - 895
- Tu - 818
- Clarke - 691
- Pagniello - 494
- Kelly - 292
- Similas - 142
(77 out of 93 polls)
References edit
- ^ Toronto History
- ^ John Sewell, "Politically perfect in North York", The Globe and Mail, 21 May 1986, A8.
- ^ "Election '74", Toronto Star, 28 November 1974, A19.
- ^ "North York elects four to Metro seats", The Globe and Mail, 5 December 1978, P4.
- ^ Alden Barker, "Paul Godfrey: lots of power, no election expenses", The Globe and Mail, 9 October 1980, P5.
- ^ a b Paulette Peirol, "Controller in North York seeks Liberal nomination", The Globe and Mail, 3 March 1987, A14.
- ^ Norman Gardner, "Invasion 'brutal, unwanted'", The Globe and Mail, 2 February 1980, P7.
- ^ Marina Strauss, "Hopefuls want end to chaos in North York", The Globe and Mail, 30 October 1980, P4; "The borough elections", The Globe and Mail, 5 November 1980, P6.
- ^ John Sewell, "Spirit of compromise for Board of Control", The Globe and Mail, 8 November 1985, A13.
- ^ Denys Horgan, "Recent study cited Canada's gun build-up small concern, police say", The Globe and Mail, 20 September 1984, M5.
- ^ Alden Baker, "Eggleton retains seat on police board", The Globe and Mail, 11 December 1985, A18.
- ^ "New police commissioner backs guns for merchants", Toronto Star, 10 December 1986, A1; Yves Lavigne, "Police commissioner 'misquoted' on guns", The Globe and Mail, 11 December 1986, A3; Lynne Ainsworth, "Commissioner's gun statements lead to calls for his resignation", Toronto Star, 11 December 1986, A3.
- ^ Walter Stefaniuk and Nicholas Pron, "Ten Metro police officers hurt as car rams roadblock in chase", Toronto Star, 12 February 1987, A7.
- ^ "North York approves co-op", Toronto Star, 27 May 1986, N6; Michael Best, "Grant to recycling firm called 'outrageous'", Toronto Star, 14 July 1987, N2.
- ^ Michael Best, "North York council divided on Sunday shopping plebiscite", Toronto Star, 3 February 1988, A7.
- ^ Michael Best, "Willowdale Liberals nominate Matrundola", Toronto Star, 1 May 1987, A6.
- ^ Jim Byers and Michael Smith, "Alan Tonks is voted new Metro Chairman", Toronto Star, 14 December 1988, A1; "Flynn wins appointment to executive committee", The Globe and Mail, 16 December 1988, A18; Sean Fine, "Metro Council appointments stick to conservative pattern", The Globe and Mail, 20 December 1988, A17.
- ^ Fiorella Grossi, "Tonks accused of racism after defending Metro police", The Globe and Mail, 28 April 1990", A12; Royson James, "Metro seeking control of police", Toronto Star, 8 June 1990, A5; Michael Valpy, "Who will reform police board?", The Globe and Mail, 18 December 1990, A8.
- ^ Sean Fine, "Try over-12s as adults, commissioner suggests", The Globe and Mail, 3 March 1989, A9.
- ^ "Jail sentences urged for armed criminals", The Globe and Mail, 19 April 1991, A10.
- ^ Jane Coutts, "Councillors reinforcing racism, Metro group says", 30 January 1991, A8.
- ^ Robert MacLeod, "Gardner refuses to resign Denies remarks on immigrants", The Globe and Mail, 25 January 1991, A7.
- ^ Elaine Carey, "'Private' Eng stung by nature of attacks", Toronto Star, 6 April 1991, A2. Gardner himself served as interim chair prior to Eng's confirmation in office.
- ^ Tony Wong, "Toughen 'lax' gun law Eggleton tells Ottawa", Toronto Star, 26 September 1991, A6.
- ^ "Special investigations leader accused of bowing to pressure", The Globe and Mail, 4 February 1992, A7.
- ^ Susan Eng, "Military and police must heed civilian rule", Toronto Star, 13 May 1996, A17.
- ^ Scott Feschuk and John L. Gray, "Charges urged over politician's gunplay", The Globe and Mail, 16 March 1992, A1; Gay Abbate, "Police seek man who saw Gardner shooting", The Globe and Mail, 17 March 1992, A11.
- ^ Gay Abbate, "New curbs put on police use of guns", The Globe and Mail, 29 May 1992, A15.
- ^ David Hilderley, "Only 7 forces visibly back Metro officers", The Globe and Mail, 12 October 1992, A11.
- ^ Norman Gardner, "Pepper spray saves countless injuries", Toronto Star, 1 September 1992.
- ^ Gay Abbate, "Police board urges ban on handguns", The Globe and Mail, 24 June 1994, A8.
- ^ "Ashton named to police services board", The Globe and Mail, 26 November 1992, A21.
- ^ "Jewish group posts reward after vandals hit at natives", Toronto Star, 30 November 1992, A26.
- ^ "The tattler", The Globe and Mail, 10 February 1993, A2.
- ^ Michael Valpy, "Of politics, elections and handguns", The Globe and Mail, 19 March 1993, A2; Norman Gardner, "Give business a tax break", Financial Post, 1 May 1993, S5.
- ^ "Gardner comes back", The Globe and Mail, 25 November 1993, A18.
- ^ Royson James, "Ashton in as Gardner loses police board seat", Toronto Star, 10 December 1994, A4.
- ^ Gail Swainson, "Gun-totin' councillor named to police board", Toronto Star, 9 May 1996, A7.
- ^ Norman Gardner, "Finger scan less intrusive than a photo", Toronto Star, 7 June 1996, A24.
- ^ City of Toronto 1997 election results
- ^ "Lastman off", Toronto Star, 16 December 1997, p. 1.
- ^ Gardner gunning for cop board, Now Magazine, January 22–28, 1998
- ^ Police reform's worst nightmare, Now Magazine, February 5–11, 1998
- ^ What's Paul Godfrey's game?, Now Magazine, February 19–25, 1998. The vote was 4-3 for Gardner.
- ^ John Saunders, "Gun-collector takes reins at police board", The Globe and Mail, 30 January 1998, A12.
- ^ Jim Rankin and John Duncanson, "Police board head calls for shakeup", Toronto Star, 12 June 1998, B1.
- ^ Jim Rankin and John Duncanson, "Complaint bureau changes slammed", Toronto Star, 19 June 1998, F1.
- ^ John Duncanson, "Toronto cops to be tops in pay after deal reached", Toronto Star, 3 July 1998, A1.
- ^ Gay Abbate, "Gardner assailed for remarks", The Globe and Mail, 8 July 1998, A8; Colin Freeze, "Apology for Jane Doe", The Globe and Mail, 10 July 1998, A8; Phinjo Gombu, "Jane Doe gets apology", Toronto Star, 10 July 1998, A1.
- ^ Wallace Immen, "Helicopter dreams crash into budget reality", The Globe and Mail, 23 July 1999, A9.
- ^ "Lastman nixes police surcharge", Toronto Star, 4 March 1999, p. 1.
- ^ Theresa Boyle, "Crime hot issue in York West fight", Toronto Star, 11 November 1999, p. 1.
- ^ "Police union ambush needs investigation", Toronto Star, 25 January 2000, p. 1.
- ^ John Duncanson, "Police union to sue Sgro", Toronto Star, 26 January 2000, p. 1.
- ^ John Duncanson, "Police board kills secret deal to end its battle with union", Toronto Star, 3 February 2000, p. 1. Police board member Olivia Chow described this as "capitulat[ing] to bullying and intimidation".
- ^ Norman Gardner, "No secret deal to end True Blue", Toronto Star, 18 February 2000, p. 1.
- ^ Wanted:Cop-watcher, Now Magazine, July 13–19, 2000
- ^ Political silly season takes hold at city hall, Now Magazine, September 21–27, 2000
- ^ Sewell, John; Gardner reappointment jumps the gun, Eye Weekly, September 21, 2001.
- ^ April Lindgren, "Solicitor-General defends police's terror checks", National Post, 11 October 2001, A01.
- ^ Michelle Shephard and Jennifer Quinn, "Police chief calls for race relations probe", Toronto Star, 26 October 2002, A15.
- ^ Philip Mascoll, "No racial profiling by police: Gardner", Toronto Star, 18 November 2002, B04.
- ^ Tara Perkins, "Prize sparks debate over controversial series", The Globe and Mail, 11 April 2003, A2.
- ^ Don Wanagas, "A gun again puts Gardner in line of fire", National Post, 10 June 2003, A15.
- ^ "Gardner to face inquiry over whether firearm illegal gift", National Post, 9 September 2003, A7.
- ^ "Mr. Gardner's bullets" [editorial], The Globe and Mail, 3 March 2004, A20.
- ^ Katherine Harding, "Gardner approved his own expenses", The Globe and Mail, 14 June 2004, A7.
- ^ Bill Dunphy, "Stormin' Norman appeals suspension", Hamilton Spectator, 17 April 2004, A17.
- ^ Paul Moloney, "Gardner should quit, Miller says", 1 June 2004, B03.
- ^ James Cowan, "Gardner quits police board after 'name cleared'", National Post, 2 November 2004, A13.
- ^ Ian Urquhart, Nomination headaches dog Tories, Toronto Star, June 25, 2007
- ^ a b "City of Toronto 2014 candidates list". app.toronto.ca. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
- ^ Pead, Don (30 January 2014). "Norm Gardner running for Toronto mayor". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
- ^ "Former city councillor Norm Gardner seeks re-election in Willowdale". The Toronto Star. 29 June 2018.
- ^ City of Toronto City Clerk's Office (22 October 2018). "Declaration of Results - 2018 Municipal General Election" (PDF). City of Toronto. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ "1997 Toronto General Election Results". City of Toronto. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2024.