Wikipedia

N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, also known as NSF or N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion proteins, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the NSF gene.[5][6][7]

NSF
Identifiers
AliasesNSF, SKD2, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, vesicle fusing ATPase, SEC18, DEE96
External IDsOMIM: 601633 MGI: 104560 HomoloGene: 4502 GeneCards: NSF
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4905

18195

Ensembl

ENSG00000073969
ENSG00000278174
ENSG00000276262

ENSMUSG00000034187

UniProt

P46459

P46460

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_006178

NM_008740

RefSeq (protein)

NP_006169

NP_032766

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 46.59 – 46.76 MbChr 11: 103.71 – 103.84 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function edit

NSF is a homohexameric AAA ATPase involved in membrane fusion.[8] NSF is ubiquitously found in the membrane of eukaryotic cells. It is a central component of the cellular machinery in the transfer of membrane vesicles from one membrane compartment to another. During this process, SNARE proteins on two joining membranes (usually a vesicle and a target membrane such as the plasma membrane) form a complex, with the α-helical domains of the SNAREs coiling around each other and forming a very stable four-helix bundle. As SNAREs intertwine, they pull the vesicle towards the target membrane, excluding water and promoting fusion of the vesicle with the target membrane. NSF unravels SNARE complexes once membrane fusion has occurred, using the hydrolysis of ATP as an energy source, allowing the dissociated SNAREs to be recycled for reuse in further rounds of membrane fusion.[9] This proposal remains controversial, however. Recent work indicates that the ATPase function of NSF does not function in recycling of vesicles but rather functions in the act of fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.[10]

SNARE hypothesis edit

Because neuronal function depends on the release of neurotransmitters at a synapse — a process in which synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane — NSF is a key synaptic component. Thus, conditional temperature-sensitive mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster gene for NSF lead to a comatose behaviour at the restrictive temperature (and hence the gene is called comatose), presumably because neuronal functions are blocked. In Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, similar mutations lead to a cessation of cell movement at the restrictive temperature, indicating a role for intracellular membrane transport in migration. Another neuronal role for NSF is indicated by its direct binding to the GluR2 subunit of AMPA type glutamate receptors (which detect the neurotransmitter glutamate). This gives NSF a putative role in delivery and expression of AMPA receptors at the synapse.[11]

NSF was discovered by James Rothman and colleagues in 1987 while at Stanford University; they identified NSF after observing that a cytoplasmic factor, required for membrane fusions, was inactivated by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. This assay enabled them to purify NSF.[12]

Interactions edit

N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein has been shown to interact with NAPA.[13][14]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000278174, ENSG00000276262 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000073969, ENSG00000278174, ENSG00000276262 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034187 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: NSF N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor".
  6. ^ Wilson DW, Whiteheart SW, Wiedmann M, Brunner M, Rothman JE (May 1992). "A multisubunit particle implicated in membrane fusion". The Journal of Cell Biology. 117 (3): 531–8. doi:10.1083/jcb.117.3.531. PMC 2289450. PMID 1315316.
  7. ^ Hoyle J, Phelan JP, Bermingham N, Fisher EM (Nov 1996). "Localization of human and mouse N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) gene: a two-domain member of the AAA family that is involved in membrane fusion". Mammalian Genome. 7 (11): 850–2. doi:10.1007/s003359900249. PMID 8875895. S2CID 21435412.
  8. ^ Furst J, Sutton RB, Chen J, Brunger AT, Grigorieff N (Sep 2003). "Electron cryomicroscopy structure of N-ethyl maleimide sensitive factor at 11 A resolution". The EMBO Journal. 22 (17): 4365–74. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg420. PMC 202363. PMID 12941689.
  9. ^ Alberts B (2008). Molecular biology of the cell. Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4105-5.
  10. ^ Kuner T, Li Y, Gee KR, Bonewald LF, Augustine GJ (Jan 2008). "Photolysis of a caged peptide reveals rapid action of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor before neurotransmitter release". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (1): 347–52. Bibcode:2008PNAS..105..347K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0707197105. PMC 2224215. PMID 18172208.
  11. ^ Noel J, Ralph GS, Pickard L, Williams J, Molnar E, Uney JB, Collingridge GL, Henley JM (Jun 1999). "Surface expression of AMPA receptors in hippocampal neurons is regulated by an NSF-dependent mechanism". Neuron. 23 (2): 365–76. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80786-2. PMID 10399941.
  12. ^ Glick BS, Rothman JE (1987). "Possible role for fatty acyl-coenzyme A in intracellular protein transport". Nature. 326 (6110): 309–12. Bibcode:1987Natur.326..309G. doi:10.1038/326309a0. PMID 3821906. S2CID 4306469.
  13. ^ Barnard RJ, Morgan A, Burgoyne RD (Nov 1997). "Stimulation of NSF ATPase activity by alpha-SNAP is required for SNARE complex disassembly and exocytosis". The Journal of Cell Biology. 139 (4): 875–83. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.4.875. PMC 2139964. PMID 9362506.
  14. ^ Hanson PI, Otto H, Barton N, Jahn R (Jul 1995). "The N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein and alpha-SNAP induce a conformational change in syntaxin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (28): 16955–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.28.16955. PMID 7622514.

Further reading edit

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