Al-Nābigha al-Jaʽdī (النابغة الجعدي, d. c. 60/680 or some years later)[1] was an early Islamic poet.
Al-Nābigha al-Jaʽdī | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 60/680 |
| Died | 63/683×79/698-99 (est.) Unknown, possibly Isfahan or Khorasan |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Known for | Early Islamic poetry, Hijā' (satirical verse contests) |
Biography edit
He first appears in the historical record as part of the deputation by the Banū Jaʽda to the Prophet, which probably took place in 9/630, and which led to his conversion to Islam. He and his tribe migrated to al-Baṣra during the period of conquests. At al-Nukhayla and Ṣiffin he fought on the side of ʽAlī.[2] Correspondingly, he composed poems in praise of ʽAlī and the allied Ibn al-Zubayr.[3] In consequence, Muʽāwiya confiscated his property in Medina and he went to Iṣfahān. Sometime between 63/683 and 65/685, al-Nābigha reluctantly pledged allegiance to ʽAbdallāh b. al-Zubayr.[4]
His date and place of death are unknown, with various guesses being made by scholars, ranging across 63/683×79/698-99, in Iṣfahān or Kurāsān.[5]
Work edit
Nābigha is noted for a series of hijā’ (satirical verse contests) with Aws b. Maghrā’ and al-Akhṭal c. 40/660, probably in al-Baṣra; and with Sawwār b. Awfā and his wife Laylā al-Akhyaliyya, apparently between 40/660 and 63/683.[6] In the latter case, the flyting began between Sawwār and Nābigha, but Laylā took over her husband's part on account of her greater poetic skill; the context for the flyting was the parties diametrically opposite political affiliations—there are even reports, unlikely to be true, of Laylā planning to hunt Nābigha down and kill him.[7] 'By all accounts, Laylā is considered to have come out victorious and to have shamed al-Nābigha.'[8]
Nābigha's work includes a heartfelt lament for the death of his son Muḥārib and younger brother Waḥwaḥ,[9] and a meditation on the frailty of human life in the face of death.[10]
On the conquest of Khorasan, Nābigha made the following verse: 'O men, do you not see how Persia has been ruined and its inhabitants humiliated? They have become slaves who pasture your sheet, as if their kingdom was a dream'.[11]
Editions edit
- Le poesie di an-Nābiġah al-Ǧaʽdī, ed. and trans. by Maria Nallino, Studi orientali pubblicati a cura della Scuola orientale, 2 (Rome: Bardi, 1953)
- Shiʽr al-Nābigha al-Jaʽdī, ed. by ʽAbd al-ʽAzīz Rabaḥ (Damascus: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1384/1964)
- Dīwān al-Nābigha al-Jaʽdī, ed. by Wāḍiḥ al-Ṣamad (Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1998)
Studies edit
- Maria Nallino, 'An-Nābiġah al-Ǧaʽdī e le sue poesie', Revista degli studi orientali, 14 (1933–34), 135-90, 380-432
References edit
- ^ Abū l-ʽlā’ al-Maʽarrī, The Epistle of Forgiveness or A Pardon to Enter the Garden, ed. and trans. by Geert Jan van Gelder and Gregor Schoeler, 2 vols (New York: New York University Press, 2013-14), II 263 n. 651.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 416 n. 48), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 417 n. 51), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 416 n. 48), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 416 n. 48), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 416 n. 48), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 417 n. 51), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ Aram A. Shahin, 'Reflections of the Lives and Deaths of Two Umayyad Poets: Laylā al-Akhyaliyya and Tawba b. al-Ḥumayyir', in The Heritage of Arabo-Islamic Learning: Studies Presented to Wadad Kadi, ed. by Maurice A. Pomerantz, Aram A. Shahin (Leiden: Brill, 2016), pp. 398-443 (p. 416 n. 48), DOI: 10.1163/9789004307469_018.
- ^ "an-Nābiġah al-Ǧaʿdī e le sue poesie", su: Rivista degli Studi Orientali, XIV (1934), pp. 135-190, alle pp. 177-78 (Qaṣīda XII).
- ^ Le poesie di an-Nābigha al-Ǧaʿdī, Qaṣīda III, trad. di M. Nallino, pp. 39-40.
- ^ William F. McCants, Founding Gods, Inventing Nations: Conquest and Culture Myths from Antiquity to Islam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012), p. 105.