Moderate Socialists (Persian: اجتماعیون اعتدالیون, romanized: Ejtemāʿīyūn-e eʿtedālīyūn) or simply Moderates Party (Persian: فرقه اعتدالیون), was a political party in Qajari Persia and one of the two major parties of the constitutional period alongside its parliamentary rival Social Democratic Party–Democrat Party.[2] It was Iran's first right-wing political party.[5]
Moderate Socialists Party | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Disputed |
| Parliamentary leader | Mohammad-Sadegh Tabatabaei |
| Founded | 1909 |
| Dissolved | 1918 |
| Succeeded by | Reformers' Party[1] |
| Newspaper | Waqt[2] Majles[2] |
| Ideology | Moderation[2] Gradualism[3] Conservatism[4] Constitutionalism[1] |
| Religion | Islam[2] |
Members edit
The party membership consisted largely of landowners, constitutionalist ulema[2] and bazaaris. It espoused the traditional middle-class and landed aristocracy.[1] Notable members and supporters were:[2][1]
Views edit
The party claimed to uphold the principles of Islam, proposing military, judicial, and economic reforms, as well as strengthening the constitutional monarchy, convening the Senate, protecting family values, private property, limitation of the work week and wages in accordance with work performed, and prohibition of child labor. It also expressed support for freedom of association and freedom of the press.[2][1]
Parliament election results edit
| Election | Seats | Quota[6] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count[6] | ± | % | ± | ||
| 1906 | 35 / 156
|
— | 22.43 | — | Majority party as Moderates |
| 1909 | 74 / 126
|
 39
|
58.73 | 36.3
|
Majority in coalition Including 38 in coalition |
| 1914 | 29 / 115
|
 45
|
25.21 | 33.52
|
Minority |
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 105–106, 120. ISBN 0-691-10134-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ettehadieh, Mansoureh (October 28, 2011) [December 15, 1992]. "CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION v. Political parties of the constitutional period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Fasc. 2. Vol. VI. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 199–202. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
- ^ Katouzian, Homa (2006). State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis. Library of modern Middle East studies. Vol. 28. I.B.Tauris. p. 57. ISBN 1845112725.
- ^ Cronin, Stephanie (2013). Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left. Routledge/BIPS Persian Studies Series. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1134328901.
- ^ Matin-Asgari, Afshin [in Persian] (2018). Both Eastern and Western: An Intellectual History Of Iranian Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-108-42853-8.
- ^ a b آشنایی با تاریخ مجالس قانونگذاری در ایران دوره اول تا دوره شانزدهم [History of Legislatures in Iran (1285–1328)] (in Persian). Majlis Research Center. 2005 [1384]. pp. 19–20, 46–47, 68.
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