Mitrush Kuteli

Mitrush Kuteli
Mitrush Kuteli
	Kuteli in 1930
Born	13 September 1907; Pogradec, Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Died	4 May 1967 (aged 59); Tirana, Albania
Pen name	Mitrush Kuteli, Janus, Dr. Pas, Izedin Jashar Kutrulija
Occupation	Economist, translator
Period	1933-1967
Genre	Novels, Translations
Notable works	Netë shqiptare (Albanian Nights), Ago Jakupi, Kapllan Aga of Shaban Shpata (Kapllan Aga i Shaban Shpatës), The Love of Artan the Barbarian (Dashuria e Barbarit Artan), Old Albanian Tales (Tregime të Moçme Shqiptare), Attack and Tears (Sulm e Lotë), and Songs and Cries from the Burned City (Këngë e Britma nga Qyteti i Djegur),
Spouse	Efterpi Pasko née Skendi
Signature

Dhimitër Pasko (Romanian: Dimitrie Pascu;^[1] 13 September 1907 – 4 May 1967) was a well-known Albanian writer, literary critic and translator.^[2] Along with Ernest Koliqi he is considered as the founder of modern Albanian prose; in Albanian literature his pen name for which he gained fame was Mitrush Kuteli.^[3]

Biography edit

Mitrush Kuteli was born Dhimitër Pasko in the town of Pogradec at the shores of Lake of Ohrid, son of Pandeli and Polikseni.^{[citation needed]} His mother was an ethnic Albanian while his father was an ethnic Aromanian.^[4] Kuteli studied at a Romanian commercial college in Thessaloniki, later moving to Bucharest where, in 1931, he graduated in economics with a dissertation on the banking system in the Balkans.^[1] And in 1934 he earned a doctorate on the field, evaluated with "Diplomam Magnam cum Laudæ".^[5]

While in Bucharest he became a journalist and directed the Albanian-language weekly newspaper Shqipëri' e re (New Albania), published in Constanța,^[6] from 1928 until 1933.^[5] In 1937 he organized the publishing Lasgush Poradeci's collection of verse, Ylli i zemrës (The Star of the heart).^[1]

From 1934 he was a high official of the Romanian Ministry of Economy and later on he was the director of the Cernăuți bank.^[7]

He returned to Albania in 1942, and during World War II wrote and self-published most of his major works. At the end of the war he founded the short-lived literary periodical, Revista letrare (Literary Review), with Nexhat Hakiu, Vedat Kokona and Sterjo Spasse, joined the editorial board of Bota e re (New World), the first Albanian post-war literary journal, and became a founding member of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists.^[8]

Imprisonment and release edit

The Albanian Communist Party took power after World War II, but by 1947 was in the control of Yugoslavia. Pasko, an official Albanian delegate to Yugoslavia, disapproved of a proposed currency and customs union agreed between the two countries, and of a Serbian re-occupation of Kosovo; an earlier 1944 Pasko poem, "Poem kosovar" (Kosovar poem), asserted his criticism of Serbian actions. Upon the Albanian delegation's return from Yugoslavia, Pasko was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for his criticism, during which he attempted suicide. Following the freeing of Yugoslavia's hold over Albanian party politics, Pasko was released.

After his release from prison, he was informed by the authorities that his family would be banished to Kavajë. His personal documents were branded with the stamp "Enemy of the people", but his family were saved after the intervention of Fadil Paçrami. Kuteli was given new documents and a job.^[9] Pasko died of a heart attack in 1967.^[10]

Statue dedicated to Mitrush Kuteli in his hometown Pogradec

Literary works edit

Economy edit

He was the representative of the democratic and bourgeois alternative for the economic development during the reign of King Zog I.^[11]

Literature edit

He published his first authored book, Netë shqipëtare (Albanian nights) in 1938, a compilation of eight tales of village life from his native Pogradec. This edition was largely destroyed by a fire, and only became widely read through a second edition published in 1944. He worked as a translator for Naim Frashëri Publishing House, the state-owned Tirana publishing company.

Pasko, as with other Albanian writers of the time, accommodated the imposed cultural doctrine of Zhdanovism by translating Soviet-approved Russian authors, although he found himself able to translate his favorite Russian, Romanian, and Spanish writers, publish tales and verse for children, and adapt Albanian oral verse to prose.^{[citation needed]}

Criticism edit

It is asserted that he followed Poradeci's tread, although his poetry is even more Romanian in character.^[12]

Selected bibliography edit

Lasgush Poradeci - 1937
Net shqiptare (Albanian nights) - 1938
Pylli i gështenjave (The Chestnut forest) - 1958
Ago Jakupi e të tjera rrëfime (Ago Jakupi and other stories) - 1943
Sulm e lotë (Attack and tears) - 1943
Shënime letrare (Literary Notes) - 1944
Havadan më havadan (From peak to peak) - 1944
Kapllan aga i Shaban Shpatës (Kapllan agha of Shaban Shpata) - 1944
Dashuria e barbarit Artan (The love of Artan the Barbarian) - 1946
Xinxifilua (Gingerman) - 1962
Tregime të moçme shqiptare (Old Albanian tales) - 1965
Tregime të zgjedhura (Selected stories) - 1972
Baltë nga kjo tokë (Mud from this land) - 1973
Në një cep të Ilirisë së poshtme (In a corner of southern Illyria) - 1983
Këngë e britma nga qyteti i djegur (Songs and cries from the burnt city)
E madhe është gjëma e mëkatit (Great is the lament of sin) - 1993
Ditar i ekonomistit' (The Economist's Diary) - 2012
Netë moldave' (Moldovian Nights) - 2015

Translations edit

Eluard, Selected verses
Gogol, St Petersburg tales and Dead Souls
Haxhi Agaj, Persian tales
Ivan Krylov, The Fables
Lu Xun, Selected works
Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, The Golovlyov Family
Pablo Neruda, Que despierte el leñador
Pushkin, Novels
Turgeniev, A Sportsman's Sketches;

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c Robert Elsie (2010). "Kuteli, Mitrush". Historical Dictionary of Albania. Scarecrow Press. p. 256. ISBN 9780810873803.
^ Shatro, Bavjola (2016). Between(s) and Beyond(s) in Contemporary Albanian Literature. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 44. ISBN 9781443899970.
^ Hamiti, Sabri (2013). Letërsia moderne shqipe. Tiranë: Uet press. p. 413. ISBN 9789995639457.
^ "Çfarë deklaronte Mitrush Kuteli në hetuesi: Si e sabotova aparatin e shtetit nazi-fashist". Lapsi.al (in Albanian). 21 April 2017.
^ ^a ^b Çelo Hoxha; Azem Qazimi, eds. (2015). Fjalor enciklopedik i viktimave të terrorit komunist, I-K (PDF). Vol. IV. Institute for the Studies of Communist Crimes and Consequences in Albania. pp. 418–419. ISBN 978-9928-168-01-6.
^ Segel, Harold B. (2012). The Walls Behind the Curtain: East European Prison Literature, 1945-1990. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780822978022.
^ Jovan Jano (12 November 2017). "Ana më pak e njohur e Mitrush Kutelit". Dita.
^ Elsie 2010, p. 257
^ Kolevica, Petraq (1997). Me Mitrushin. Toena. pp. 25–26.
^ Elsie 2010, p. 258
^ Iljaz Fishta; Mihal Ziu (2004). Historia e ekonomisë së Shqipërisë (1944-1960). Dita. p. 86. ISBN 9789992791318.
^ Seymour-Smith, Martin (2017). Guide to Modern World Literature. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 1244. ISBN 9781349064182.

Works cited edit

Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7380-3.