Marsden (New Zealand electorate)

Marsden was a former parliamentary electorate, in the Whangarei District and in the Northland Region of New Zealand, which existed from 1858 to 1972. Upon its abolition, Marsden was replaced with the Whangarei electorate.

Population centres edit

The initial 24 New Zealand electorates were defined by Governor George Grey in March 1853, based on the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 that had been passed by the British government. The Constitution Act also allowed the House of Representatives to establish new electorates, and this was first done in 1858, when four new electorates were formed by splitting existing electorates.[1] Marsden was one of those four electorates, and it covered the northern area split off from the Northern Division electorate.[2]

The electorate was mixed urban and rural, around the city of Whangārei.

History edit

The electorate existed from 1858 to 1972, and the first election was held on 29 November 1859, which was during the term of the 2nd Parliament. James Farmer was the first representative.[3] The second representative was John Munro, who was elected on 27 December 1860, and served the whole term of the 3rd Parliament.[4]

Francis Hull was elected to the 4th Parliament, resigned in 1869 and was succeeded by Munro in the February by-election. Munro served the rest of the term, plus the term of the 5th Parliament.[4]

All subsequent representatives have always served full terms.

In the 1879 election there was some doubt about the validity of the election result, and a law was passed to confirm the result in Marsden and two other electorates.[5]

The 1887 election was contested by Robert Thompson and Joseph Dargaville, and they received 955 and 550 votes, respectively. Thompson was thus declared elected.[6]

Thompson acquired the labels 'Marsden Thompson' and 'the member for roads and bridges' in Parliament. He was known for his devotion to the interests of his district, which was desperately in need of good roads, and his only reason for being a Liberal was that the government was the only source of funding for roads and bridges (as with many other Liberals representing country electorates). He was pro-freehold (land), and was opposed to Liberal policies such as labour legislation and old age pensions. In 1908, when he stood unsuccessfully for Auckland West against a sitting Liberal member, he was once more an Independent, and his programme – freehold (land), acquisition of Maori land and opposition to prohibition had not altered.[7]

Alfred Murdoch unsuccessfully contested the Marsden electorate in the 1919 election as an independent Liberal against the incumbent from the Reform Party, Francis Mander.[8][9] Mander retired at the 1922 election,[9] and Murdoch was elected.[10] At the next election in 1925, Murdoch was defeated by William Jones of the Reform Party, but Murdoch defeated Jones in turn in 1928 when he stood for the United Party.[11] After two parliamentary terms, Murdoch was defeated in 1935 by Jim Barclay of the Labour Party.[12] In 1943, Murdoch, now standing for the National Party, defeated Barclay and won the electorate back, and held it until he retired in 1954.[12]

Members of Parliament edit

Key:

  Independent   Conservative   Liberal   Independent Liberal   Reform   United   Labour   National

Election Winner
1859 supplementary election James Farmer
1861 election John Munro
1866 election Francis Hull
1869 by-election John Munro
1871 election
1876 election Sir Robert Douglas
1879 election William Colbeck
1881 election Edwin Mitchelson
1884 election
1887 election Robert Thompson
1890 election
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election Francis Mander
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election Alfred Murdoch
1925 election William Jones
1928 election Alfred Murdoch
1931 election
1935 election Jim Barclay
1938 election
1943 election Alfred Murdoch
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election Don McKay
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
(electorate abolished 1972; see Whangarei)

Election results edit

1969 election edit

1969 general election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Don McKay 7,660 45.23 -5.59
Labour Murray Smith 6,559 38.73
Social Credit John Geoffrey Rawson 2,715 16.03 -5.00
Majority 1,101 6.50 -16.76
Turnout 16,934 89.86 +3.65
Registered electors 18,843

1966 election edit

1966 general election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Don McKay 8,907 50.82 -4.43
Labour O J Lewis 4,830 27.56
Social Credit John Geoffrey Rawson 3,686 21.03 -7.03
Independent R Graham 101 0.57
Majority 4,077 23.26 -1.25
Turnout 17,524 86.21 -2.99
Registered electors 20,326

1963 election edit

1963 general election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Don McKay 8,885 55.25 -2.05
Labour O J Lewis 4,943 30.74
Social Credit John Geoffrey Rawson 2,252 14.00
Majority 3,942 24.51 -4.13
Turnout 16,080 89.20 -0.70
Registered electors 18,026

1960 election edit

1960 general election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Don McKay 8,704 57.30 +5.07
Labour John Swanson Reid 4,353 28.65
Social Credit Robert Arthur McQuillian 2,132 14.03
Majority 4,351 28.64 +14.77
Turnout 15,189 89.70 -2.52
Registered electors 16,932

1957 election edit

1957 general election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Don McKay 7,906 52.53 +14.98
Labour Mervyn Allan Hosking 5,818 38.65 +7.18
Social Credit William Rodney Lewin Vallance 994 6.60 -5.75
Ind. Social Credit Eva Hill 332 2.20 -16.44
Majority 2,088 13.87 +7.80
Turnout 15,050 92.22 +0.40
Registered electors 16,318

1954 election edit

1954 general election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Don McKay 5,389 37.55
Labour Mervyn Allan Hosking 4,517 31.47 -4.30
Social Credit Eva Hill 2,676 18.64
Independent William Rodney Lewin Vallance 1,768 12.32
Majority 872 6.07
Turnout 14,350 91.82 +4.96
Registered electors 15,628

1951 election edit

1951 General election: Marsden[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Alfred Murdoch 9,031 64.22 +2.70
Labour Mervyn Allan Hosking 5,030 35.77
Majority 4,001 28.45 +5.41
Turnout 14,061 86.86 -6.24
Registered electors 16,188

1949 election edit

1949 general election: Marsden[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Alfred Murdoch 8,746 61.52 +4.03
Labour Douglas L. Ross 5,470 38.47
Majority 3,276 23.04 +7.31
Turnout 14,216 93.10 -2.14
Registered electors 15,268

1946 election edit

1946 general election: Marsden[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Alfred Murdoch 7,851 57.49 +4.91
Labour John Stewart 5,702 41.75
Informal votes 98 0.71 -0.21
Majority 2,149 15.73 +7.20
Turnout 13,655 95.24 +0.06
Registered electors 14,337

1943 election edit

1943 general election: Marsden[16][17][ob 1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Alfred Murdoch 6,202 52.58 +4.95
Labour Jim Barclay 5,196 44.05 -8.32
Democratic Labour Ernest Petty 398 3.37
Informal votes 110 0.92 +0.56
Majority 1,006 8.53 +3.79
Turnout 11,906 95.18 +0.09
Registered electors 12,509

Table footnotes:

  1. ^ Registered electors refers to civilian voters only; nationwide, 93,295 servicemen also cast valid votes although their names did not appear on electoral rolls.[18]

1938 election edit

1938 general election: Marsden[19][20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Barclay 6,157 52.37 +4.30
National Alfred Murdoch 5,600 47.63 +2.76
Informal votes 43 0.36 -0.19
Majority 557 4.74 +1.55
Turnout 11,800 95.08 +3.52
Registered electors 12,410

1935 election edit

1935 general election: Marsden[21]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Barclay 5,215 48.07 +14.91
United Alfred Murdoch 4,868 44.87 -21.97
Democrat R Johns 602 5.54
Independent Liberal St. Claire Jounneaux 163 1.50
Informal votes 60 0.55 -1.07
Majority 347 3.19
Turnout 10,848 91.56 +10.10
Registered electors 11,847

1931 election edit

1931 general election: Marsden[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Alfred Murdoch 5,838 66.84 +22.73
Labour Jim Barclay 2,896 33.16
Informal votes 144 1.62 +0.87
Majority 2,942 33.68 +28.63
Turnout 8,878 81.46 -6.46
Registered electors 10,898

1928 election edit

1928 general election: Marsden[23]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Alfred Murdoch 3,925 44.12 +3.42
Reform William Jones 3,475 39.06 -9.46
Labour William Henry Chetham 1,299 14.60
Independent Albert Hugh Curtis 198 2.23
Informal votes 67 0.75 +0.09
Majority 450 5.06 -2.76
Turnout 8,964 87.93 -2.84
Registered electors 10,195

1925 election edit

1925 general election: Marsden[24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform William Jones 4,038 48.52 -0.56
Independent Liberal Alfred Murdoch 3,387 40.70 -10.22
Labour Arthur Shapton Richards 897 10.78
Informal votes 55 0.66 -0.62
Majority 651 7.82 +5.98
Turnout 8,377 90.77 +3.71
Registered electors 9,229

1922 election edit

1922 general election: Marsden[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Liberal Alfred Murdoch 3,752 50.92 +14.90
Reform William Jones 3,616 49.08
Majority 136 1.85 -1.37
Informal votes 95 1.27 -0.53
Turnout 7,463 87.06 +8.35
Registered electors 8,572

1919 election edit

1919 general election: Marsden[26][27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Francis Mander 2,307 39.24
Independent Liberal Alfred Murdoch 2,118 36.03
Independent Labour Donald Alexander McLean 850 14.46
Independent Albert Hugh Curtis 604 10.27
Informal votes 108 1.80
Majority 189 3.21
Turnout 5,987 78.71
Registered electors 7,606

1899 election edit

1899 general election: Marsden[28][29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Liberal Robert Thompson 2,205 59.42
Conservative George Alderton 891 24.01
Independent Charles Mackesy 615 16.57
Majority 1,314 35.41
Turnout 3,711 66.97
Registered electors 5,541

1890 election edit

1890 general election: Marsden[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Robert Thompson 803 56.15
Liberal Albert Elliot 627 43.84
Majority 176 12.30
Turnout 1,430 49.04
Registered electors 2,914

Notes edit

  1. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 29.
  2. ^ McRobie 1989, p. 28.
  3. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 195.
  4. ^ a b Scholefield 1925, p. 120.
  5. ^ "Elections Validation Act, 1879". New Zealand Law online.
  6. ^ "The General Election, 1887". National Library. 1887. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  7. ^ Hamer, David (1988). The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891–1912 (1st ed.). Auckland: Auckland University Press. pp. 168, 169, 367. ISBN 1-86940-014-3.
  8. ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 335.
  9. ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 218.
  10. ^ Wilson 1985, p. 222.
  11. ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 209, 222.
  12. ^ a b Wilson 1985, pp. 182, 222.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, p. 275.
  14. ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  15. ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  16. ^ The General Election, 1943. National Library. 1944. p. 6. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  17. ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. 80, no. 24713. 13 October 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  18. ^ McRobie 1989, p. 92.
  19. ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  20. ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXXV, no. 23181. 29 October 1938. p. 25. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  21. ^ The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  22. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  23. ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  24. ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  25. ^ The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. 1923. p. 1. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  26. ^ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1920. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  27. ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LVI, no. 17339. 10 December 1919. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  28. ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 1. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  29. ^ "Electoral District of Marsden". The Northern Advocate. 16 December 1899. p. 4. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  30. ^ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

References edit

  • Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00177-6.
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
  • Scholefield, Guy (1925) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record (2nd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
  • Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.