Maria Leitner (19 January 1892 – 14 March 1942) was a Hungarian writer and journalist in the German language. She is remembered as a pioneer of "undercover reporting".[1]
.JPG)
Early years edit
Maria Leitner came from a bilingual Jewish family. She was born, the eldest of her parents' three recorded children, on 19 January 1892 in Varaždin, Austria-Hungary, today in Croatia. Her father, Leopold Leitner, ran a small building business.[2] In 1896 the family relocated to Budapest where she grew up and attended "The Royal Senior Girls' School" between 1902 and 1910. It was probably here that she learned both her English and her French.[2] She then studied art history in Vienna and Berlin, completing an internship in Paul Cassirer's Berlin gallery which resulted in a translation into German of William Hogarth's "Aufzeichnungen" (loosely: "notes")
Career edit
From 1913, she worked for the newspaper Az Est ("Evening"). After war broke out in the summer of 1914 she worked as a reporter – at one stage reporting for the Budapest newspapers from Stockholm. In 1920, she fled from Hungary to Germany because of her left-wing anti-militarist activities.[3] In Germany, she wrote for various newspapers, and books reviews for the publishing house Ullstein. In her book Hotel Amerika, she describes poor America from within. As a result, she was a hired as a cleaning lady in luxury hotels. Her work was thus connected with the literary current of the Neue Sachlichkeit ("New Objectivity"), in vogue in the Weimar Republic.[4]
In 1933, after the Nazis came to power, Leitner, a Jew and a revolutionary, emigrated from Germany and went into exile. Her works were banned from publication in Nazi Germany. She earned her living by writing in the anti-Nazi magazine Das Wort published in Moscow.[5] In 1940, she was in France, and as with a number of exiles from Germany, she was interned at Gurs internment camp. She managed to escape but could not leave France. The conditions of her death are unclear. In July 1940, she wrote to Hubertus, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, the most famous of the founding signatories of the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom. In total she had already written at least twelve letters to the guild between 1938 and March 1941, seeking assistance: the letters have been kept by them in their "Archive of German Exiles".[2] This last appeal for desperate help is Leitner's last known piece of writing. However, she was last seen in Marseille early in 1941 by Anna Seghers and Alexander Abusch.[3]
She may have died in exile: one source speculates that she died of hunger, isolated in Marseille.[4] Another speculates that she was one of many Jewish political exiles from Germany who failed to obtain exit visas from the French authorities and were rounded up and deported to concentration camps in Germany where many were killed.[3]
Selected works edit
- 1930, Hotel Amerika, roman-reportage
- 1932, Eine Frau reist durch die Welt, reportage
- 2013, Mädchen mit drei Namen. Reportagen aus Deutschland und ein Berliner Roman, 1928–1933, Berlin, AvivA Verlag
- 2014, Elisabeth, ein Hitlermädchen. Ein Roman und Reportagen (1934–1939), Berlin, AvivA Verlag
References edit
- ^ Hans Schmid (31 December 2009). "Kein Platz im Hotel Amerika". Heise Medien. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ a b c Tanja Rogaunig (author); Dr. Hannes Haas (moderator) [in German] (October 2010). "Thematisierungs-, Recherche- und Darstellungsstrukturen in den Reportagen Maria Leitners (1892–1942) ... Thematisierungs-, Recherche- und Darstellungsstrukturen in den Reportagen Maria Leitners (1892–1942) ... Das Leben Maria Leitners: wie ein Sandkorn im Sturm" (PDF). "ABER MARY, ... SIE SPIELEN JA NUR!" (academic "Magister" dissertation). University of Vienna. pp. 70–74, 109–110. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
{{cite web}}:|author1=has generic name (help) - ^ a b c "Kurzbiographie [Marie Leitner]". Frauen-Kultur-Archiv. Die Philosophische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
- ^ a b Volker Weidermann, 2009, Das Buch der verbrannten Bücher , btb-verlag, page 70 (in German)
- ^ Wilhelm Sternfeld, Eva Tiedemann, 1970, Deutsche Exil-Litteratur 1933–1945 second edition expanded, Heidelberg, Verlag Lambert Schneider, page 301 (in German)
Further reading edit
- Chronology of the life of Maria Leitner at the Frauen-Kultur-Archiv. (in German)
- Julian Preece, ‘The Literary Interventions of a Radical Writer Journalist: Maria Leitner (1892–1942)’, in Discovering Women's History: German-speaking Journalists 1900–1950, edited by Christa Spreizer (New York: Lang, 2014), pp. 245–66