Wikipedia

Mandalika International Street Circuit

Mandalika International Street Circuit (known as Pertamina Mandalika International Street Circuit for commercial purposes)[1] is a motorcycle racing track located in the Mandalika resort area on Lombok island, part of the West Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. The circuit opened by hosting rounds of the Asia Talent Cup and Superbike World Championship in late 2021, followed by Grand Prix motorcycle races in 2022.

Pertamina Mandalika International Street Circuit
LocationCentral Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Time zoneUTC+08:00
Coordinates8°53′43″S 116°18′21″E / 8.89528°S 116.30583°E / -8.89528; 116.30583
Capacity195,700
OwnerIndonesia Tourism Development Corporation
OperatorMandalika Grand Prix Association
Broke groundOctober 2019; 4 years ago (2019-10)
Opened12 November 2021; 2 years ago (2021-11-12)
Architect
Major eventsCurrent:
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix (2022–present)
Asia Talent Cup (2021–present)
Asia Road Racing Championship (2023–present)
Former:
World SBK (2021–2023)
Websitehttps://www.themandalikagp.com
Grand Prix Circuit (2021–present)
SurfaceAsphalt
Length4.313 km (2.680 miles)
Turns17
Race lap record1:30.906 (Italy Enea Bastianini, Ducati Desmosedici GP23, 2023, MotoGP)

The sports cluster and entertainment project, measuring 120 hectares, is expected to include the construction of hotels and other facilities.[2] As a purposely-constructed racing track with wide run-off areas,[3] it is claimed to be a street circuit as parts may be used in future, allowing normal traffic access to new resort facilities. Dorna chief Carmelo Ezpeleta confirmed in 2019: "We've always said that we don't race in a street circuit...".[4]

Development area

 
Nature left untouched from the making of the circuit

As part of the conservation maintenance, the vegetation that provides the backdrop to the Mandalika Resort area will be set aside as a conservation area of over 3,000 hectares. This area with many native species will only be accessible for low-impact activities, such as cycling or hiking to minimize damage to the flora and fauna.[5]

History

Planning

Previously, Indonesia had held World Championship racing in 1996 and 1997 as well as the Superbike from 1994 to 1997, all at the Sentul International Circuit in Bogor, West Java near the nation's capital of Jakarta. However, due to the financial crisis, Indonesia was forced to suspend its motorsport hosting program. This circuit was built to increase the number of tourists who come to the Mandalika resort area and introduce new tourist destinations.

In late 2016, Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) obtained the Land Management Rights certificate to build the Mandalika circuit from the National Land Agency.[6] In January 2017, Managing Director of Mrk1 Consulting, Mark Hughes, made an initial sketch of the circuit layout in Lombok.[7][8] On 20 January 2017, a memorandum of understanding was signed between ITDC and Roadgrip Motorsports.[9][10] In November 2017, Vinci Grand Construction Projects signed a contract to build a MotoGP circuit in Mandalika Special Economic Zone, Lombok with an investment value of 6.5 trillion Rupiah. The construction of the circuit was expected to take 2 years, starting in 2018,[11][12][10] however the circuit was not built until 2019.[13] The infrastructure development of Mandalika SEZ, which includes the Mandalika circuit, is planned to take 3.6 trillion Rupiah. According to ITDC's Director of Construction and Operations, Ngurah Wirawan, funds will be obtained from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) loans in stages until 2023. For 2019 disbursement, there are 2 packages worth 900 billion and 700 billion. The target completion date is June 2020.[14][15]

Public announcement and progress

 
Mandalika Circuit viewed from Merese Hill

On 23 February 2019, it was announced that the circuit would host the returning Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix in 2022.[16] The track has 4.313 km (2.680 mi) length with 17 corners.[17]

In February 2019, ITDC CEO Abdulbar M. Mansoer confirmed that the circuit would host MotoGP for 3 seasons, from 2021 to 2023.[18] However, MotoGP was cancelled in 2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and postponed to 2022.[19][20] On the MotoGP provisional schedule, the Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix will be held at Mandalika after the Qatar Grand Prix on 20 March 2022.[21] The circuit is also the venue for the 2022 MotoGP pre–season test, from 11–13 February 2022.[22][23] In addition to MotoGP, the circuit is also planned to hold the Superbike World Championship and the Asia Talent Cup. The Superbike Championship was originally planned for 12–14 November 2021,[24] but was postponed to 19–21 November so as not to clash with the MotoGP provisional schedule.[25][26] The first race of the Asia Talent Cup, which was originally planned for 14 November, was also postponed to 19 November due to a shortage of marshals on duty.[27]

Pertamina spent USD 7 million or around IDR 100 billion for the naming rights and also became the main sponsor of the Mandalika circuit. Thus the circuit is renamed to the Pertamina Mandalika International Street Circuit.[1] This contract is valid until the end of 2022.[28][29]

 
President Joko Widodo tests the Mandalika Circuit track on 12 November 2021

On 12 November 2021, the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, inaugurated the Mandalika International Circuit.[30] He then did a lap around the race track.[31] The inauguration took place ahead of the Asia Talent Cup race which was held two days later.

On 16 November 2021, the Mandalika Grand Prix Association (MGPA) was formed as a business unit of ITDC to manage and operate the Mandalika circuit.[32]

On 19 November, after the free practice session of the World Superbike Indonesia round, several riders highlighted the dirty track surface. Jonathan Rea said that the Mandalika Circuit was a little dirty, especially outside the race line. But other riders, such as Scott Redding, Leon Haslam, and Michael van der Mark, thought it was normal for a new track.[33][34]

On 21 December, it was announced that Mandalika Circuit would host the final round of GT World Challenge Asia for the 2022 season on 21–23 October 2022.[35][36] However, the race was cancelled in 2022 because Mandalika Circuit has not yet been homologated as a car racing circuit by the FIA. GT World Challenge Asia Championship Director, Benjamin Franassovici, said that the issue will be resolved so that they have "the option to race there next year".[37]

 
Marc Márquez rounds turn 10 of Mandalika International Circuit during the pre-season test, February 2022

At the 2022 MotoGP pre-season test, held from 11–13 February 2022, the riders revealed some issues with the gravel and tarmac areas of the circuit. Pramac Racing team rider Jorge Martin found the gravel outside the track area "too sharp" and "painful". He said this after falling into the gravel area between Turns 10 and 11.[38] The dirty condition of the circuit was also complained about by riders such as Aleix Espargaro,[39] Andrea Dovizioso,[40] Alex Rins,[41] and Francesco Bagnaia.[42] The problem resulted in the suspension of the first day's test session for several hours for cleaning.[43] The FIM, Dorna Sports, and MGPA considered the dirty circuit to be caused by heavy rainfall the night before.[44] However, as reported by The Race, the dust and gravel on the track was chipped and crushed asphalt material due to the type of aggregate that was finer than the specified specifications,[45][46] and because it was not prepared and used properly.[47] This was confirmed by Chaz Davies, a WSBK driver who raced at Mandalika in November 2021.[48][49] Two days later, it was announced that the circuit surface would be repaved, from before turn 17 to after turn 5.[50][51] The repaving process was completed on 9 March 2022,[52] seven days before the scheduled first motorcycle grands prix on 20 March 2022.[53][54]According to Campbell Wadell, the engineer involved in the repaving of the Mandalika circuit from asphalt surface specialist company R3, the circuit should still require a full repaving.[55][56][57] The circuit was FIM inspected in 2022 obtaining 'A' grade, allowing for MotoGP series events to be run. Previously, it was graded as 'B' at the time of the World Superbike event in November 2021.[58]

Though, during practice for the motorcycle grand prix race weekend in March 2022, new holes began to appear in the resurfaced part of the track, causing both the Moto2 and MotoGP races to be were shortened. Additionally, the MotoGP race was delayed by heavy rain, until the rain abated coinciding with the presence of a shaman flown in for the purpose of repelling the rain. Riders were hit by flying stones, and many stated the surface would need to be resurfaced before the next year's event.[59][60]

Controversies and land disputes

 
Development of Mandalika International Circuit as of December 2020

On 24 October 2016, Gema Lazuardi's 60-acre land was promised to be purchased by ITDC for 44,650,000 per acre, or a total of 2.7 billion.[61] However, in February 2020, he was sued by ITDC for using the land without permission. The panel of judges at the Praya District Court sentenced him to two months in prison with six months probation. After filing an appeal, Gema Lazuardi won the criminal case.[62][63] Another resident, Masrup, also lost his 1.6 hectares of land. His land was executed despite being found innocent in court, after being charged with criminal offences for encroaching on his own land.[64]

The project was then heavily criticised by the United Nations, due to reports of local ethnic Sasak people being dispossessed of their homes, lands and livelihoods.[65][66] In April 2019, the United Nations Human Rights Council released a report on human rights violations that occurred during the construction of the circuit, chronicling the Mandalika construction, and explanations and clarifications surrounding it.[67] This came after reports of local residents being forced to leave their homes and land.[68] However, the government has dismissed the UN's claims as a "false and hyperbolic narrative."[69] The government has also promised to be transparent and recommended payment of compensation and dialogue between residents and ITDC.[70][71]

In late September 2019, dozens of residents from two hamlets blocked heavy equipment and fenced off the Mandalika circuit construction area, triggered by a land dispute between residents and ITDC.[72][73] The action continued until early October.[74]

In October 2021, there was a hamlet stuck in the middle of the circuit, to the right of the 5th to 8th corners. There were only two ways out, from two different tunnels. At the time, a combination of a rudimentary drainage system and rain created a chest-deep puddle in the tunnel, cutting off access to and from the neighbourhood for a week.[75] The issue has since been resolved and the residents are willing to be relocated.[76]

In November 2021, a video circulated showing the checking of Ducati's racing motorbike in the paddock area of the Mandalika Circuit. The video became a topic of conversation because motorbike checks can only be carried out by customs and the racing team.[77] A few days later, Mataram Customs stated that the check was supervised by them. However, customs denied that the video was taken by them.[78][79] Although reportedly "outraged", Ducati stated that they never gave any statement regarding this case.[80] In addition, MGPA has also tightened access to the pit lane to prevent unauthorised entry.[81]

On 16 November 2021, MGPA Chief Operating Officer Dyan Dilato was sacked after making "derogatory" remarks to marshals at the Mandalika Circuit. He said the marshals were unprofessional for "choosing to watch the race rather than be on duty".[82]

In early December 2021, a freestyle video circulated on the Mandalika circuit that sparked criticism. According to ITDC Corporate Communication Senior, Esther D Ginting, the video was part of making a promotional video: "We state that the action was part of the shooting process for the production of a promotional video of the circuit for the MGPA and ITDC which was carried out by our partner, PT Roadgrip Motorsport Indonesia (RMI)."[83]

The Asia Talent Cup (ATC) races intended for 12–14 November 2021 as a shakedown run were postponed due to organisational "challenges" that needed to be overcome before the following weekend races of 20–21, when it was intended to run the ATC together with the last 2021 World Superbike event.[84] The difficulties were reported as a shortage of track marshals resulting in unacceptably low competitor safety levels.[85]

During the MotoGP series pre-season machine testing in early 2022, Indonesian press reported that local landowners had not been paid for their land taken by the Indonesian government to create the circuit, due to 'Konsinyasi', meaning that disputes over purchase prices could leave them without the land and without the money they are owed.[86][87] Until February 2022, the 3.5 hectares of land that became the 9th corner of the Mandalika Circuit was still in dispute.[88] The land owned by the residents has not been paid by ITDC. ITDC through a press conference denied this. It is known that of the 12 Mandalika circuit land dispute cases, only 2 have been processed.[89]

Layout

 
Marc Márquez on the start and finish straight of Mandalika International Circuit

As a purpose-built circuit with a large run-off area,[90][91] Mandalika Circuit is claimed to be a street circuit concept, where the circuit will be open to the public when not holding races. Although it is open to the public, only the outer street track of the circuit is accessible, not the main track of the circuit.[92][93] However, until March 2023, the outer roadways of the circuit will not be open to the public, considering there is no urgency.

The main circuit, normally raced in 4.313 km (2.680 mi) long. Repsol Honda racer, Marc Márquez, said that the Mandalika Circuit has a simple layout. However, he believes the race there will be very entertaining. "This is a simple circuit in terms of layout, but the conditions make it interesting. There is only one line to overtake," he said.[94]

Despite the difficult track conditions, the layout was met with praise from riders, with Honda's Pol Espargaró noting that "it has its own character." "The track is nice. It has a little bit of everything," said Espargaró.[95]

 
Mandalika International Street Circuit on a 2022 stamp sheet of Indonesia

The circuit was initially rumoured to be 4.8km long,[96] but was changed to 4.32km with 19 bends. The circuit design was then shortened again to 4.31km with 17 bends. According to Ricky Baheramsjah, CEO of Mandalika Grand Prix Association, the corners were reduced and replaced with a straight track due to safety factors and to "add overtaking action." In addition, the previous circuit design was also considered "more favourable to one of the manufacturer".[97] The surface of the Mandalika circuit uses a rougher Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) type asphalt that is expected to strengthen tyre grip.[98]

At the time of the inauguration, the circuit was 4.301km long with 17 corners, with a capacity of 50,000 seats in the grandstand and a total of 195,700 people.[99][100] The Mandalika Circuit pit building, which spans 350 metres, has two floors (some three floors) with a capacity of 50 garages.[101] The pit building can be converted into a conference centre when not holding races.[91] There is a modular medical centre building 100 metres from race control, equipped with three helipads.[102] On 18 March 2022, the circuit was homologated FIM grade A.

In March 2022, the designer of the circuit tweeted that he first configured the track layout at a beachside hotel on a visit to Lombok five years earlier.[103]

Events

Current
Former

Lap records

As of December 2023, the fastest official race lap records at the Mandalika International Street Circuit are listed as:

Category Time Driver Vehicle Event
Grand Prix Circuit: 4.313 km (2021–present)
MotoGP 1:30.906 Enea Bastianini Ducati Desmosedici GP23 2023 Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix
World SBK 1:32.163[104] Toprak Razgatlıoğlu Yamaha YZF-R1 2022 Mandalika World SBK round
Moto2 1:34.420 Pedro Acosta Kalex Moto2 2023 Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix
Porsche Carrera Cup 1:34.537[105] Daffa Ab Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup[106] 2023 Mandalika Porsche Sprint Challenge Indonesia round
World SSP 1:35.416[107] Stefano Manzi Yamaha YZF-R6 2023 Mandalika World SSP round
Moto3 1:38.936 Iván Ortolá KTM RC250GP 2023 Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix
TCR Touring Car 1:40.161[108] Umar Abdullah Honda Civic Type R TCR (FL5)[109] 2023 Mandalika Porsche Sprint Challenge Indonesia TCR Exhibition Race
Asia Productions 250 1:47.023[110] Wahyu Nugroho Yamaha YZF-R25 2023 Mandalika ARRC round
250cc 1:47.751[111] Rheza Ahrens Honda CBR250RR 2023 1st Mandalika Mandalika Racing Series round
Asia Underbone 150 1:55.683[112] Fahmi Basam Yamaha MX King 150 2023 Mandalika ARRC round

Events winners

Feeder event

Asia Talent Cup

Year Race Winning Rider Bike
2021 INA1   Taiyo Furusato Honda
INA2   Taiyo Furusato Honda
WSBK1   Taiyo Furusato Honda
WSBK2 Cancelled
2022 INA1   Hakim Danish Honda
INA2   Hakim Danish Honda
WSBK1   Veda Ega Pratama Honda
WSBK2   Veda Ega Pratama Honda
2023 INA1   Veda Ega Pratama Honda
INA2   Veda Ega Pratama Honda

IMI Mandalika Racing Series

Year Round Class Race Winning Rider Team Bike Best Lap Time
2023 Round 1 250cc R1   Rheza Ahrens Astra Honda Racing Team Honda CBR250RR 1.47:751
R2   Rheza Ahrens Astra Honda Racing Team Honda CBR250RR 1.48:630

Grand Prix motorcycle racing

Year Race Winning Rider Team Bike Best Lap Time Top Speed
2022 MotoGP   Miguel Oliveira Red Bull KTM Factory Racing KTM RC16 1:38.749[a] 298.3 km/h (185.4 mph)
Moto2   Somkiat Chantra IDEMITSU Honda Team Asia Kalex Moto2 1:35.591 249.4 km/h (155.0 mph)
Moto3   Dennis Foggia Leopard Racing Honda NSF250RW 1:40.197 205.3 km/h (127.6 mph)
2023 MotoGP   Francesco Bagnaia Ducati Lenovo Team Ducati Desmosedici GP23 1:30.906 TBC
Moto2   Pedro Acosta Red Bull KTM Ajo Kalex Moto2 1:34.420 TBC
Moto3   Diogo Moreira MT Helmets – MSi KTM RC250GP 1:38.936 TBC

Superbike

World SBK

Year Race Winning Rider Team Bike
2021 Race 1   Jonathan Rea Kawasaki Racing Team WorldSBK Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10RR
Superpole Race Cancelled
Race 2   Jonathan Rea Kawasaki Racing Team WorldSBK Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10RR
2022 Race 1   Toprak Razgatlıoğlu Pata Yamaha with Brixx WorldSBK Yamaha YZF-R1
Superpole Race   Toprak Razgatlıoğlu Pata Yamaha with Brixx WorldSBK Yamaha YZF-R1
Race 2   Toprak Razgatlıoğlu Pata Yamaha with Brixx WorldSBK Yamaha YZF-R1
2023 Race 1   Álvaro Bautista Aruba.it Racing – Ducati Ducati Panigale V4 R
Superpole Race   Toprak Razgatlıoğlu Pata Yamaha Prometeon WorldSBK Yamaha YZF-R1
Race 2   Álvaro Bautista Aruba.it Racing – Ducati Ducati Panigale V4 R

World SSP

Year Race Winning Rider Team Bike
2021 Race 1   Raffaele De Rosa Orelac Racing VerdNatura Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
Race 2   Jules Cluzel GMT94 Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R6
2022 Race 1   Niki Tuuli MV Agusta Reparto Corse MV Agusta F3 800 RR
Race 2   Dominique Aegerter Ten Kate Racing Yamaha Yamaha YZF-R6
2023 Race 1   Can Öncü Kawasaki Puccetti Racing Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
Race 2   Federico Caricasulo Althea Racing Ducati Panigale V2

Fatalities

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The race was held on full wet conditions.

References

  1. ^ a b Anisatul Umah (7 October 2021). "Resmi Berubah! Ini Nama Baru Sirkuit Mandalika". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
  2. ^ Nur Imansyah (18 April 2018). Heru Purwanto (ed.). "Rini Soemarno officiates groundbreaking ceremony of Paramount Hotel in Mandalika". Antara. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  3. ^ "MotoGP's 'Largest Circuit Project', Mandalika, Almost Complete". Ultimate Motorcycling. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  4. ^ "2021 Indonesian street circuit 'something special in MotoGP history'". Crash. 20 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  5. ^ Adisti Dini Indreswari (13 June 2012). Dupla Kartini (ed.). "Kawasan Wisata Mandalika Lombok siap dibangun". Kontan.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  6. ^ Kartini, Dupla, ed. (2017-01-23). "ITDC bangun sirkuit Moto GP di Mandalika". Kontan.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  7. ^ Ruhulessin, Masya Famely (2022-04-01). Ruhulessin, Masya Famely (ed.). "Dibuat sejak Tahun 2017, Begini Sketsa Asli Lintasan Sirkuit Mandalika". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
  8. ^ "Mendengarkan kembali cerita Mark Hughes saat mendesain awal lintasan Sirkuit Mandalika. Mandalika". themandalikagp.com (in Indonesian). 10 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-06-12. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
  9. ^ "Kajian Sirkuit MotoGP di Mandalika Ditarget Kelar Tahun Depan". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  10. ^ a b "Sirkuit Balap di Kawasan Mandalika Ditargetkan Tuntas Tahun Depan". SuaraNTB (in Indonesian). 26 January 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  11. ^ Ariyanti, Fiki (2017-10-20). Wahyuni, Nurseffi Dwi (ed.). "Dibangun 2018, RI Bakal Punya Sirkuit MotoGP di Lombok". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-11-26.
  12. ^ Ariyanti, Fiki (20 October 2017). Nurmayanti; Saputra, Reza Deni (eds.). "Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika Lebih Menantang dan Indah dari Thailand". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  13. ^ Ant (2018-07-29). "Pembangunan Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika Dimulai 2019". Okezone.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  14. ^ "Anggaran Pembangunan Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika di NTB Mencapai Rp 3,6 Triliun". IndependensI (in Indonesian). 22 February 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  15. ^ "Sirkuit Mandalika Bukan Dibangun Dengan Biaya RP 3,6 T". www.itdc.co.id. 23 February 2019. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  16. ^ "Dorna and ITDC set to bring MotoGP™ to Indonesia". motogp.com. 23 February 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  17. ^ Riza Roidila Mufti (14 October 2019). "Mandalika MotoGP circuit 10 percent complete, on track to host race in 2021". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 14 October 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  18. ^ Arifin, Yanu (21 February 2019). "Resmi! Indonesia Akan Gelar MotoGP Mulai 2021". detikcom (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  19. ^ DetikTV (6 September 2021). "Maaf, Gelaran MotoGP di Sirkuit Mandalika Cuma Boleh Diisi 15% Penonton". detikcom (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  20. ^ Nickyrawi, Faruk (11 April 2021). "Beberapa Alasan Mengapa MotoGP Gagal Digelar di Sirkuit Mandalika Tahun Ini". detikcom (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  21. ^ Wibowo, Hendri (22 September 2021). "Bocor! Kalender Sementara MotoGP 2022, Sirkuit Mandalika Jadi Seri Kedua dan Digelar Bulan Maret". bola.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  22. ^ "Jadwal MotoGP 2022: Ada Tes Mandalika di Bulan Februari". detikcom (in Indonesian). 27 August 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  23. ^ Williams, Don (13 September 2021). "2022 MotoGP Calendar: Grand Prix and Testing Schedule". Ultimate Motorcycling. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  24. ^ Saraswati, Mulia (25 September 2021). "Resmi: Mandalika Gelar WSBK Indonesia 21 November 2021". id.motorsport.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  25. ^ "Bentrok MotoGP, WSBK di Sirkuit Mandalika Mundur Satu Minggu". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 25 September 2021. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  26. ^ "Resmi! Sirkuit Mandalika Gelar Superbike Tahun Ini, Catat Jadwalnya". detikcom (in Indonesian). 25 September 2021. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  27. ^ "Asia Talent Cup Indonesia 2021 di Mandalika Resmi Dijadwal Ulang". id.motorsport.com (in Indonesian). 14 November 2021. Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  28. ^ Khadafi, Muhammad (2021-11-09). Ridwan, Muhammad (ed.). "Pertamina Punya Ambisi Besar di Sirkuit Mandalika". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  29. ^ Novianti, Johana (8 November 2021). "Pertamina Sponsor MotoGP 2022, Nama Sirkuit Mandalika Berubah". BUMNINC (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Setelah Sirkuit Mandalika Diresmikan Jokowi, Optimisme di NTB Tinggi". Berita Satu. 13 November 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  31. ^ "President Does a Lap on Custom Bike to Inaugurate Mandalika Circuit". Jakarta Globe. 12 November 2021. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  32. ^ Praditya, Ilyas Istianur (2019-11-16). Deny, Septian (ed.). "ITDC Bentuk Pengelola Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  33. ^ "1 Keluhan Pembalap WSBK Soal Sirkuit Mandalika". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 20 November 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  34. ^ "Permukaan Kotor Lintasan Sirkuit Mandalika Disoroti". id.motorsport.com (in Indonesian). 19 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  35. ^ Saraswati, Schezerade (21 December 2021). "Sirkuit Mandalika Tuan Rumah GT World Challenge Asia 2022". id.motorsport.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  36. ^ "Overhauled 2022 GT World Challenge Asia Calendar Revealed". www.dailysportscar.com. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  37. ^ Dananjaya, Dio (2022-08-04). Kurniawan, Agung (ed.). "Sirkuit Mandalika Batal Jadi Tuan Rumah Balap GT World Challenge Asia". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  38. ^ Pramudito, Nur; Ferdian (2022-02-13). "Crash di Sirkuit Mandalika, Jorge Martin Kritik Gravel Sirkuit Mandalika Layaknya Pisau Tajam - GridOto.com". GridOto (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  39. ^ Cadrasari, Katarina Erlita (2022-02-12). "Keluhkan Buruknya Trek di Sirkuit Mandalika, Aleix Espargaro: Bahaya!". INDOSPORT.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  40. ^ "Saat Tes MotoGP Mandalika Berubah Jadi Kerja Bakti Para Pembalap". Crash (in Indonesian). 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  41. ^ "Riders say Mandalika MotoGP circuit is "strange, characterful"". www.motorsport.com. 11 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  42. ^ "Bagnaia: Aspal Sirkuit Mandalika Bisa Bahaya untuk Pembalap". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  43. ^ Priyantoro, Donny Dwisatryo (2022-02-11). Ferdian, Azwar (ed.). "Hujan Bikin Sirkuit Mandalika Kotor, Sesi Tes Pra-Musim Sempat Red Flag". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  44. ^ Ramadhan, Muhammad Fadli (13 February 2022). "MotoGP: MGPA Tegaskan Sirkuit Mandalika Hanya Punya Satu PR". id.motorsport.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  45. ^ Patterson, Simon (2022-03-17). "Mandalika MotoGP surface updates only a stopgap solution". The Race. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  46. ^ Patterson, Simon (2022-02-14). "Will MotoGP's newest circuit remedy its safety concerns?". The Race. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  47. ^ Patterson, Simon (2022-03-23). "Why MotoGP's Mandalika mess was self-inflicted". The Race. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  48. ^ Davies, Chaz [@chazdavies7] (February 14, 2022). "The surface was an issue in November" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  49. ^ Syuhada, Muchamad (2022-02-15). "Eks Pembalap WSBK Buka Suara Soal Masalah Lintasan Sirkuit Mandalika". VIVA.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  50. ^ "FIM, Dorna and ITDC agree track improvements for Mandalika". www.motogp.com. 15 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  51. ^ Khorounzhiy, Valentin (15 February 2022). "Mandalika Bay track to be part-resurfaced before MotoGP race". The Race. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  52. ^ Triyogo, Arkhelaus Wisnu, ed. (9 March 2022). "MotoGP Indonesia: Pengaspalan Sirkuit Mandalika Selesai, Logistik Mulai Tiba". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  53. ^ "FIM/Dorna request more than half of new Mandalika track be resurfaced". Australian Motorcycle News. 16 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  54. ^ "MotoGP, Error in Mandalika circuit asphalt design, work underway". GPOne.com. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  55. ^ Patterson, Simon (2022-03-17). "Mandalika MotoGP surface updates only a stopgap solution". The Race. Retrieved 2022-03-17.
  56. ^ Patterson, Simon (17 March 2022). "Mandalika: Hält der neue Asphalt, was er verspricht? / MotoGP - SPEEDWEEK.COM". www.speedweek.com (in German). Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  57. ^ Assidiqi, Alif Zaky (18 March 2022). "Media Asing Ragukan Kualitas Aspal Sirkuit Mandalika: Betulan Sudah Bagus?". Kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-25.
  58. ^ "MotoGP: Lombok's Mandalika Circuit Passes Grade A Homologation". Tempo.co. 19 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  59. ^ "Indonesian MotoGP: 'Stones in my leathers', Mandalika to be resurfaced again?". Crash. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  60. ^ "Shaman performing storm-stopping ritual becomes bizarre Indonesian MotoGP star". Visordown. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  61. ^ Rachmawati, Fitri (2020-09-21). Purba, David Oliver (ed.). "Kisruh Lahan Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika, Warga yang Bertahan dan Mereka yang Terus Membangun". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  62. ^ Briantika, Adi (13 November 2021). "Sengketa Lahan di Balik Sirkuit Mandalika yang Diresmikan Jokowi". Tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  63. ^ "Gema, 'Kami Dukung MotoGP, Bayar Lahan Kami'". Ampenan News (in Indonesian). 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  64. ^ Rachmawati, Fitri (2020-09-21). Purba, David Oliver (ed.). "Kisruh Lahan Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika, Warga yang Bertahan dan Mereka yang Terus Membangun". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  65. ^ "Indonesia: UN experts flag rights concerns over $3bln tourism project". OHCHR. 31 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  66. ^ Patterson, Simon (2021-04-09). "New track tipped to be MotoGP 'icon', but UN condemns project". The Race. Archived from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  67. ^ Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, World Trade Organization and Other International Organizations (2021-05-03). "Reply to: Information received concerning allegations of human rights violations and abuses committed in the implementation of the Mandalika urban development and tourism project by the Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation ("ITDC") in the Mandalika region, West Nusa Tenggara province". OHCHR Communication Report. Archived from the original on 2022-06-01. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  68. ^ "Indonesia: UN experts denounce mega tourism project that 'tramples on human rights'". UN News. United Nations. 2021-03-31. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  69. ^ Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, World Trade Organization and Other International Organizations (2021-03-31). "PRESS STATEMENT RESPONSE TO THE NEWS RELEASE BY SEVERAL SPMH "INDONESIA: UN EXPERTS FLAG RIGHTS CONCERNS OVER $3BLN TOURISM PROJECT, 31 MARCH 2021". Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, World Trade Organization and Other International Organizations. Archived from the original on 2022-04-21. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  70. ^ Press Statement Response to The News Release by Several SPMH "Indonesia: UN Experts Flag Rights Concerns Over $3Bln Tourism Project. Jenewa. 31 March 2021. p. 14.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  71. ^ Ratih, Andri; Abdillah, Banu (2021-06-14). "Pembangunan Sirkuit Mandalika Wajib Berstandar HAM". Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia - KOMNAS HAM (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  72. ^ Praditya, Ilyas Istianur (2019-11-29). Deny, Septian (ed.). "ITDC Bentuk Pengelola Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  73. ^ Gregorius, Pranandito (26 September 2019). "Pembangunan Sirkuit Mandalika Diadang Puluhan Warga, Ada Apa?". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  74. ^ "Warga Cabut Pagar Lahan di Lokasi Pembangunan Sirkuit". SuaraNTB (in Indonesian). 2019-10-06. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  75. ^ Sadheli, Mochamad (20 November 2021). Sadheli, Mochamad (ed.). "Warga "Terpenjara" di Tengah Sirkuit Mandalika". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  76. ^ Parwata, Dia (29 December 2021). "Kisah Warga Dusun Bunut yang Bertahan di Tengah Sirkuit Mandalika, Akses Keluar Masuk Kampung Harus Pakai Barang 'Sakti' - Semua Halaman - GridOto.com". otomania.gridoto.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  77. ^ Tawakal, Cesar Uji (2021-11-12). "Viral Video Oknum Petugas Unboxing Kargo Tanpa Izin, Ducati Tidak Marah, tapi..." Suara.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  78. ^ Idris, Firzie A. (2021-11-11). Idris, Firzie A. (ed.). "Penjelasan Bea dan Cukai terhadap Boks Kargo Motor Ducati yang Dibongkar di Mandalika". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  79. ^ "Geger 'Cargo Ducati Dibuka' di Media Asing, Ternyata Ducati Bilang Begini". detikcom (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  80. ^ Sipahutar, Celvin Moniaga (2021-11-12). Jaya, Eris Eka (ed.). "Pernyataan Resmi Ducati soal Video Utak-atik Boks Motor: Tepis Kabar, Nantikan WSBK dan MotoGP di Mandalika". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  81. ^ Alif, Rezki (11 November 2021). "Ternyata Oknum yang Unboxing Motor Ducati di Sirkuit Mandalika Bukan Karyawan MGPA - Semua Halaman - GridOto.com". www.gridoto.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  82. ^ Gustan, Edy (16 November 2021). "Hina Marshal di Sirkuit Mandalika, Kepala Divisi Operasional MGPA Dyan Dilato Dipecat". Okezone.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  83. ^ Rachmawati, ed. (1 December 2021). "Muda-mudi "Freestyle" di Lintasan Sirkuit Mandalika, ITDC Sebut untuk Video Promosi". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  84. ^ "Idemitsu Asia Talent Cup races rescheduled". motogp.com. 14 November 2021. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  85. ^ "New Indonesian circuit off to a rocky start ahead of WorldSBK finale". Australian Motorcycle News. 15 November 2021. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  86. ^ "Di Balik Foto Viral Pria Bersarung Nonton Tes Pramusim MotoGP, Sedih karena Tanahnya di Tikungan 9 Belum Dibayar". kompas.com (in Indonesian). 13 February 2022. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  87. ^ "Mandalika Circuit To Be Partially Resurfaced Ahead Of MotoGP Race". motomatters.com. 15 February 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  88. ^ Rachmawati, Fitri (2022-02-13). Hartik, Andi (ed.). "Di Balik Foto Viral Pria Bersarung Nonton Tes Pramusim MotoGP, Sedih karena Tanahnya di Tikungan 9 Belum Dibayar". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  89. ^ Rachmawati, Fitri (2022-02-17). Kurniati, Pythag (ed.). "Ini Kata Satgas Sengketa Lahan Mandalika Terkait Kasus Sibawaeh". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  90. ^ Lieback, Ron (2020-11-20). "MotoGP's 'Largest Circuit Project', Mandalika, Almost Complete". Ultimate Motorcycling. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  91. ^ a b "Indonesian street circuit 'something special in MotoGP history'". Crash. 2019-03-20. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  92. ^ Anshori, Luthfi (24 August 2021). "Catat! Ini Area Sirkuit Mandalika yang Boleh Digunakan Kendaraan Umum". detikcom (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  93. ^ Radityasani, Muhammad Fathan (2021-10-20). Kurniawan, Agung (ed.). "Sirkuit Mandalika Bisa Jadi Jalan Umum, Bagian yang Mana?". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  94. ^ "Marc Marquez About The Character Of The Mandalika Circuit: Simple, But Very Difficult To Overtake". VOI. Retrieved 2023-05-17.
  95. ^ "Riders say Mandalika MotoGP circuit is "strange, characterful"". www.motorsport.com. 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2023-05-17.
  96. ^ Ariyanti, Fiki (20 October 2017). Nurmayanti; Saputra, Reza Deni (eds.). "Sirkuit MotoGP Mandalika Lebih Menantang dan Indah dari Thailand". Liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  97. ^ Saputra, Dia (15 November 2019). "Tikungan Sirkuit Mandalika Berkurang, Kenapa Hanya Ada 17 Saja? - GridOto.com". www.gridoto.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  98. ^ Firdaus, Sandy (2 September 2021). "Keunggulan Aspal Mandalika Dibandingkan Sirkuit Lain". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  99. ^ Indraini, Anisa (18 November 2020). "Sirkuit Mandalika Bisa Tampung Ratusan Ribu Orang, Ini Fasilitasnya". detikcom (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
  100. ^ Imaduddin, M. Hafidz (8 September 2020). Jaya, Eris Eka (ed.). "Sirkuit Mandalika Terus Bersiap Jelang MotoGP Indonesia 2021". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). p. 2. Archived from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  101. ^ "Modular Pit Building Karya WEGE di ajang MotoGP Mandalika". modular.co.id (in Indonesian). 5 April 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  102. ^ Pujianto, Eko (2022-03-16). "Mandalika Punya Medical Center Canggih" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  103. ^ @markhughesF1 (March 21, 2022). "No title" (Tweet). Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Twitter.
  104. ^ "Superbike Pirelli Indonesian Round, 11–13 November 2022 Results Tissot Superpole Race" (PDF). World Superbike. Dorna. 13 November 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
  105. ^ "2023 Porsche Sprint Challenge Putaran 1 - PCSI Endurance Race Results". 10 December 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  106. ^ "Porsche Sprint Challenge Indonesia makes impressive debut as IGTC campaign concludes". 11 December 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  107. ^ "Supersport Motul Indonesian Round, 3–5 March 2023 Results Race 2" (PDF). World Superbike. Dorna. 5 March 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  108. ^ "2023 Porsche Sprint Challenge Putaran 1 - TCR Race 1 Results". 9 December 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  109. ^ "A pair of exhibition races for TCR cars in Indonesia". 18 December 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  110. ^ "Idemitsu FIM Asia Road Racing Championship 2023 Round 4 - Pertamina Mandalika Circuit - Saturday, 12 August 2023 - AP250, Race 1" (PDF). 12 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  111. ^ "Reza Dhanica Juara Race 1 Kejurnas Mandalika Racing Series 250cc". 6 March 2023. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  112. ^ "Idemitsu FIM Asia Road Racing Championship 2023 Round 4 - Pertamina Mandalika Circuit - Sunday, 13 August 2023 - UB150, Race 2" (PDF). 13 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  113. ^ "Pembalap Haruki Noguchi Meninggal Usai Kecelakaan di ARRC Indonesia" (in Indonesian). CNN Indonesia. 17 August 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandalika_International_Street_Circuit&oldid=1212857260"