Malva Noyivna Landa[a] (4 August 1918 – 3 July 2019) was a Ukrainian-born Soviet-Russian dissident, publicist, and geologist. She was the author of multiple articles about human rights, the translator of number of humanitarian essays from English to Russian, and a veteran of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union, being a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group from its founding in 1976.[1] She received the Officer of the Order of the Cross of Vytis (Lithuania, 8 January 2003).[2]
Malva Landa | |
|---|---|
Мальва Ноївна Ланда | |
 | |
| Born | 4 August 1918 |
| Died | 3 July 2019 (aged 100) |
| Occupation(s) | Human rights activist, geologist |
Early life and career edit
Malva Noyivna Landa was born in Odesa, in what was then the Ukrainian State, amidst World War I and the Russian Civil War. Landa's family was Jewish. Her mother was a high school teacher, and her father was a professor of animal husbandry at a veterinary institute. In the autumn of 1932, her father was imprisoned and tortured in the jail of Stalingrad, and in 1938, he was executed.[3] From 1940 to 1945, she studied at the Moscow Geological Prospecting Sergo Ordzhonikidze Institute (now the Russian State Geological Prospecting University).[4] In the 1950s, she worked as a head of geological surveying party Karatau Expedition MGRI.
Dissident activities edit
Landa was a founding member of the Moscow Helsinki Group, which campaigned for the Soviet Unions to abide by its human rights commitments under the 1975 Helsinki Accords. She made the statement that the Soviet socialist system may not respect human rights and, accordingly, was not in compliance with the provisions of the Helsinki Accords. She joined the Helsinki Group to more effectively expose the situation of human rights in the Soviet Union. The group was mainly involved in the issue of political prisoners.[5]
On 26 March 1980, Landa was sentenced to five years exile under article 190-1 of the Russian SFSR criminal code, which banned the dissemination of false fabrications defaming the Soviet state and social system. She served time in the village of Dzhezdy, Dzhezkazgan Region in Kazakhstan. She remained in the Helsinki Group and returned from exile in 1984.[1]
Later life and death edit
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Landa continued to participate in political activities in Russia, particularly criticising the Chechen–Russian conflict and President Vladimir Putin. In March 2010, she signed a petition advocating for Putin's removal from office.[6]
In 2015, aged 97, Landa moved to Israel, where she lived with her son and daughter-in-law in Haifa.[7] She died there on 3 July 2019.[1]
Notes edit
References edit
- ^ a b c Tolstoy, Ivan; Gavrilov, Andrey (27 October 2019). "Алфавит инакомыслия. Мальва Ланда". Radio Liberty (in Russian). Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ The decree of the President of the Republic of Lithuania of 8 January 2003, No. 2007 Информация на официальном сайте Президента Литвы
- ^ Воспоминания о ГУЛАГе
- ^ Из воспоминаний Мальвы Ланды
- ^ "Хроника текущих событий. Выпуск 44 от 16 марта 1977 года". Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ^ "Геолог, публицист, правозащитник". Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ^ 97-year-old is oldest person to make aliyah this year, Ynetnews, 30 December 2015.