José Rosario Oviedo (October 5, 1885 – 1927), better known as Malanga, was a Cuban rumba dancer. He is considered one of the most famous columbia dancers and his mysterious death has been the subject of numerous essays, poems and songs, most notably "Malanga murió", written by Faustino Drake and performed by Arsenio Rodríguez amongst others.
Malanga | |
|---|---|
| Born | José Rosario Oviedo October 5, 1885 |
| Died | 1927 (aged 41–42) |
| Occupation | Cuban rumba dancer |
Life and career edit
Early life edit
José Rosario Oviedo was born on October 5, 1885, in "La Esperanza", an ingenio near the village of Alacranes in the Unión de Reyes municipality, Matanzas Province, Cuba.[1][2][nb 1] He was baptisted on November 29 as the son of an "unknown father".[2] His mother, Funciana Oviedo, was an ex-slave and raised him in the town of Unión de Reyes after living in several ingenios such as "Majagua" and "San Gonzalo".[2][4] His godmother Saturnina Oviedo and his grandfather (also his godfather) José Quintero played an important role in his upbringing.[2] Despite being christened in the Catholic faith, Malanga became a Santería practitioner; his orisha was Ochosí.[3] He soon became a talented rumba dancer, performing with a group which featured Ángel Timbo, Ángel Calazán, Faustino Drake and Donato Torres.[2] The percussionists played cajones, wooden boxes that preceded the conga drum.
Style and professional career edit
Malanga's style of dancing was unlike that of his contemporaries. He danced on his tiptoes, like ballet dancers, and often danced "on top of a dining room table with a glass of water on his head, making all the movements of the dance or picking up a handkerchief off the floor without spilling the water".[5] [6] According to famous tres player Isaac Oviedo, "he moved blindfolded with a glass of water on his head (...) without ever losing his step or the rhythm".[6]
Apart from being a dancer, Malanga worked as a representative for the Partido Liberal in Unión de Reyes, and as a sugar cane cutter, especially in the 1910s and 1920s, when work opportunities decreased in the region. During the zafra season he had to migrate to the "sugar triangle" towns of Florida, Morón and Ciego de Ávila.[1][2]
Death edit
In the summer of 1927, when returning alone from Morón, Malanga died in unexplained circumstances.[nb 2] The most popular account of Malanga's death has been given by Crescencio Hernández "Chencho", according to whom Malanga was murdered with broken glass hidden in his food at a dance contest in Ceballos, near Morón.[2][3] However, this modus operandi has generally been debunked.[7] No death certificate had been found,[2] and the location of his grave remains unknown.[8]
In popular culture edit
Together with others such as Mulense, Chenche and Tanganica, Malanga is one of Cuba's "legendary rumberos", being remembered as one of the most notable rumba dancers, especially in the columbia style.[9] As a result, his life and especially his death have been the subject of many works, from essays to poems and songs. Cuban poet Fernando García González wrote a poem in 1985 dedicated to Malanga entitled "Canto al Rumbero Mayor".[2]
Cajón de quinto drummer Faustino Drake, one of Malanga's dearest friends, composed the song "Malanga murió", also known as "A Malanga" in 1927 as an elegy. It is one of the most popular guaguancós and its tone is remarkably solemn, as summarized by its well-known chorus: "Unión de Reyes llora / porque Malanga murió" (Unión de Reyes cries / because Malanga died). The song was originally sung by Roncona and later recorded by Arsenio Rodríguez as "Llora timbero" in 1941.[10]
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ In the past, some researchers believed he had been born in Sabanilla del Encomendador, a nearby village now known as Juan Gualberto Gómez. However, this has been shown to be false.[3]
- ^ He is often incorrectly said to have died in 1923, a year cited from Helio Orovio's 1994 work Música por el Caribe.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c Roy, Maya (2003). Músicas cubanas (in Spanish). Tres Cantos, Spain: Akal. p. 59. ISBN 9788446012344.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ortega Alfonso, Beatriz G.; García González, Henry (2005). José Rosario Oviedo "Malanga": del mito al hombre. Unión de Reyes, Matanzas: Museo Municipal "Juan Gualberto Gómez".
- ^ a b c Interview with Unión de Reyes historian Henry García. Rumba cubana. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ Leymarie, Isabel (1997). Cuban Fire: Musiques populaires d'expression cubaine (in French). Paris, France: Outre Mesure. p. 29.
- ^ Vázquez, Omar (2000). "Malanga, el timbero mayor". Salsa Cubana 4:11.
- ^ a b Sublette, Ned (2004). Cuba and its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo. Chicago, IL: Chicago Review Press. pp. 269–270. ISBN 9781569764206.
- ^ Mikkelson, Barbara (June 12, 2014). "Pain in the Glass". Snopes. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ Dalmace, Patrick. "Malanga". Montuno Cubano (in French). Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ Shepherd, John; Horn, David (2014). "Rumba". Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 9. London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 719. ISBN 9781441132253.
- ^ García, David (2006). "Discography". Arsenio Rodríguez and the Transnational Flows of Latin Popular Music. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. pp. 147–166. ISBN 9781592133871.