There are dozens of ethnic groups in Guizhou province of China that are not officially recognized. These ethnic groups and their languages include:[1][2]
- Caijia 蔡家
- Chuanlan 穿兰: over 300,000 people classified as Han, in Anshun Prefecture; many also speak Bouyei and Miao
- Chuanqing 穿青: 500,000–1,000,000 people classified as Han, mostly in Zhijin and Nayong, but also in Dafang, Shuicheng, Guanling, Qingzhen, Puding, and Liuzhi counties of Guizhou; has some non-Chinese loanwords
- Limin 里民: 50,000–100,000 people classified as Yi and sometimes as Li, in Liuzhi, Guanling, Pu'an, Xingren, Zhenning, and Anlong counties of western Guizhou; most have shifted to Southwestern Mandarin, with few Limin speakers remaining. Also in Qinglong (Qinglong County Gazetteer 1993). Wang (2011) has researched ethnic Limin villages including Fanhua Village 凡化村, Pogong Township 坡贡镇, Guanling County.[3]
- Liujia 六甲: 4,000 (1999) people classified as Han, in Congjiang County, Guizhou. Hou Jingrong (2009) considers the Liujia language to be a Yue Chinese dialect.[4] In Guangxi, Liujia is spoken in Sanjiang County (in the townships of Guyi 古宜镇, Chengcun 程村乡, Doujiang 斗江镇, Zhouping 周坪乡, Laobao 老堡乡, and Zhouzhou 丹洲镇[5]) and Rongshui County (in Dalang and Danian).
- Longjia 龙家
- Lu 卢: 3,000–6,000 people classified as Manchu, in Dafang, Qianxi (in Fuyuan 附源村 of Jinpo 金坡乡), and Bijie counties, Guizhou; also in Anluo 安洛, Jinsha County;[6] the Lu now speak Southwestern Mandarin. In Qianxi County, the ethnic Manchu (pop. 916 as of 1990) are known as Lu'eren 禄额子, Luren 禄人, and Yuanren 原人, and are distributed in Huangni Township 黄泥乡 of Shachang District 沙厂区, as well as Dashui 大水, Gamu 嘎木乡, and Shachang 沙厂镇.[7] Subdivisions include the White Luren 白卢人 and Black Luren 黑卢人.[8]
- Nanjing people 南京人: 120,000 people classified as Bai, in Bijie, Dafang (in Shagou 沙沟村 and Dongfeng 东丰村[9]), Liupanshui, Qianxi, Weining, Jinsha, Nayong, Anshun, Qingzhen, and Zhijin counties of western Guizhou; some speak the Longjia language. Ertang Township 二塘乡, Zhongshan District 钟山区 has a population of 2,262 Nanjingren, with a total of 2,936 in Liupanshui prefecture; historical names include Longjiazi 龙家子/龙架子 and Longgedou 龙格兜.[10] Their autonym in Qianxi County is Xienan 写南, and Xiejing 写京 in Dafang County (Zhenxiong County Gazetteer 1987:447). In Xixiu District, Anshun, the Nanjingren are also called the Yingtian 应天.[11] In Zhenxiong County, Yunnan, their autonyms include Awupu 阿乌浦 and Awudu 阿乌堵 (You 2013:134).[12]
- Qixingmin 七姓民
- Shenzhou 神州: 4,000 (1999) people classified as Han, in Anshun Prefecture; has some non-Chinese loanwords
- Tunbao 屯堡: archaic Chinese dialect spoken in Anshun Prefecture.[13] Long, et al. (2011)[14] covers the Tunbao dialect of Jiuxi Village, Daxiqiao Township, Anshun (安顺市大西桥镇九溪村).
| Group | Population | Official classification | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liujia 六甲人 | 152 | Han | Rongjiang County |
| Chenzhou 辰州人 | - | Han | Pingtang County |
| Nanjing 南京人 | 61,171 | Han | Bijie, Anshun, Liupanshui prefectures |
| Laba 喇叭 | 60,000+ | Miao | Qinglong, Pu'an, Liuzhi, Shuicheng, Pan, Longli counties |
| Xijia 西家 | 9,000+ | Miao | Kaili, Duyun, Majiang |
| Mojia 莫家 | 17,017 | Buyi | Border region of Dushan and Libo counties |
| Qixingmin 七姓民 | 7,589 | Bai | Shuicheng, Weining, Hezhang counties |
| Changpao Yao 长袍瑶, Youmairen 油迈人 | 300+ | Yao | Libo, Wangmo counties |
| Lu 卢人 | 7,747 | Manchu | Border region of Qianxi, Jinsha, Dafang counties |
| Yi, Yiren or Yizi and Gau 羿人, 羿子 | 1,015 | Gelao / Han | Bijie Prefecture |
| Xialusi 下路司, Diao 刁人 | 984 | Dong | Congjiang County |
| Sanqiao 三撬 | 2,374 | Miao or Dong | Liping County |
| Limin 里民 | 70,000 | Yi | Qinglong, Guanling, Zhenning, Shuicheng counties |
| Mulao 木佬 | 28,000 | Mulao | Majiang, Duyun, Fuquan, Weng'an counties |
| Yanghuang 佯僙 | 40,000 | Maonan | Pingtang, Dushan, Huishui, Luodian counties |
| Raojia 绕家 | 9,000+ | Yao | Majiang, Duyun counties |
| Dongjia 东家 | 40,000+ | She | Majiang, Kaili, Duyun, Fuquan counties |
| Longjia 龙家 | 10,000+ | Bai | Bijie, Anshun, Liupanshui prefectures |
| Gejia⿰ 亻革家 | 40,000 | Huangping, Kaili, Guanling, Shibing counties | |
| Caijia 蔡家 | 20,000 | Qianxi, Bijie, Nayong, Hezhang, Zhijin, Shuicheng, Liuzhi counties | |
| Chuanqing 穿青 | 600,000+ | Han | Bijie, Anshun, Liupanshui precfectures |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "China". Asia Harvest. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
- ^ "贵州省民族事务委员会-贵州省民族识别认定工作". Gzmw.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2012-08-02. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
- ^ Wang Xianjun [王献军] (2011). 贵州“里民人”探寻.
- ^ Hou Jingrong . 2009. Phonological System and Linguistic Typology of Liujia Chinese Dialect in Sanjiang of Guangxi Autonomous Region [广西三江县六甲话的语言特点]. http://comonca.org.cn/PDF/2009/COMONCA03-010.pdf[permanent dead link]
- ^ Ai, Lan 艾兰. 2020. Sanjiang Liujiahua yanjiu 三江六甲话研究. Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe 吉林文史出版社.
- ^ Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志. 民族志] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [貴州民族出版社].
- ^ Qianxi County Gazetteer (1990:157)
- ^ "白族家园-讲义寨". 222.210.17.136. 2011-01-28. Archived from the original on 2014-10-17. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
- ^ 贵州"六山六水"民族调查资料选编. 回族, 白族, 瑤族, 壮族, 畲族, 毛南族, 仫佬族, 满族, 羌族卷 (2008). 贵州民族出版社.
- ^ Liupanshui City Ethnic Gazetteer 六盘水市志：民族志 (2003:186-187). ISBN 7-221-05533-5
- ^ Xixiu District Gazetteer 安顺市志：西秀区志 (2007:110)
- ^ You Weiqiong [尤伟琼]. 2013. Classifying ethnic groups of Yunnan [云南民族识别研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
- ^ "安顺市天龙镇屯堡方言声韵调系统初探". Archived from the original on 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
- ^ Long Yiteng, Wu Weijun, Song Yi, Ming Shengrong [龙异腾, 吴伟军, 宋宜, 明生荣]. 2011. A study of the Tunbao dialect of Central Guizhou [黔中屯堡方言研究]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University Press [西南交通大学出版社].