List of sovereign states in the 1880s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1880s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1880 and 31 December 1889. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states, and 1 state which was initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade.

Sovereign states edit

Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A edit


 Abuja – Abuja Emirate
Capital: Abuja
Widely recognized state.

 Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[1]
Capital: Agadez
Widely recognized state.

  Andorra – Principality of Andorra[2]
Capital: Andorra la Vella
Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.

 Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[3]
Capital: Angoche

  Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole[4]
Capital: Mbarara
Widely recognized state.

  Argentina – Argentine Republic[5]
Capital: Buenos Aires

  Aro – Aro Confederacy
Capital: Arochukwu
Widely recognized state.

  Ashanti – Asante Union[6]
Capital: Kumasi
Widely recognized state.

  Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
Capital: Aussa
Widely recognized state.

  Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire[7]
Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)
Widely recognized state.

B edit


 Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
Capital: Massenya
Tributary state of the Bornu Empire.

  Bali – Kingdom of Bali
Capital: Klungkung
Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali.

  Baol – Kingdom of Baol[8]
Capital: Diourbel
Widely recognized state.

  Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland[9]
Capital: Mongu
Widely recognized state.

  Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium[10]
Capital: Brussels
Widely recognized state. Belgium has sovereignity over 1 corporatocracy and 1 condominium:

  Benin – Kingdom of Benin[11]
Capital: Edo
Widely recognized state.

 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Capital: Punakha
Widely recognized state.

 Biu – Biu Kingdom
Capital: Biu
Widely recognized state.

  Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia
Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)
Widely recognized state.

  Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora[12]
Capital: Nunue, Vaitape
Widely recognized state.

  Bornu – Bornu Empire[13]
Capital: Ngazargamu
Widely recognized state.

 Brakna – Brakna Emirate
Capital: Aleg
Widely recognized state.

  Brazil[14]
Capital: Rio de Janeiro
Brazil was a federation of 20 states and one federal district.[a]

  Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei (to 1888)
Capital: Kampong Ayer
Widely recognized state to 1888. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 1888.

  Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Capital: Mengo
Widely recognized state.

  Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria[15]
Capital: Sofia
De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.

  Bulungan – Sultanate of Bulungan (to 1880)
Capital: Tanjung Palas
Widely recognized state to 1880. Vassal state of Sulu to 1880. Annexed by the Netherlands on 1880.

  Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom
Capital: Hoima
Widely recognized state.

  Burma – Kingdom of Burma[16] (to 1885)
Capital: Mandalay
Widely recognized state to 1885. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1885.

 Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi
Capital: Gitega
Widely recognized state.

  Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga
Capital: Bugembe
Widely recognized state.

C edit


  Canada – Dominion of Canada
Capital: Ottawa
Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm.

  Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak[17]
Capital: Champasak
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam.

  Chile – Liberal Republic of Chile[18]
Capital: Santiago
Widely recognized state.

   China – Great Qing Empire
Capital: Beijing
Widely recognized state.

 Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom
Capital: Not specified
Widely recognized state.

  Colombia
Capital: Bogota
Widely recognized state.

  Congo – Congo Free State (from July 1, 1885)
Capital: Boma
Sovereignty recognized on 8 November 1884. Widely recognized state from 1 July 1885.

  Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Capital: San Jose
Widely recognized state.

D edit


 Dagbon – Kingdom of Dagbon
Capital: Yendi
Widely recognized state.

  Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey[19]
Capital: Abomey
Widely recognized state.

  Dai Nam – Dai Nam Realm (to 25 August 1883)
Capital: Phú Xuân
Widely recognized state to 25 August 1883. Tributary state of China to 25 August 1883. Annexed by France on 25 August 1883.

 Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti[20]
Capital: N'Délé
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga.

  DenmarkKingdom of Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen
Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

  Dhala – Emirate of Dhala
Capital: Dhale
Widely recognized state.

  Dominican Republic – Second Republic
Capital: Santo Domingo
Widely recognized state.

E edit


  Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
Capital: Quito
Widely recognized state.

  El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador
Capital: San Salvador
Widely recognized state.

  Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
Capital: Addis Ababa
Widely recognized state.

F edit


  Fadhli – Fadhli Sultanate[21] (to 1888)
Capital: Shuqrah
Widely recognized state to 1888.

  France – French Republic
Capital: Paris
Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

  Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
Capital: Timbo
Widely recognized state.

G edit


 Garo – Kingdom of Garo (to 1883)
Capital: Not specified
Widely recognized state to 1883. Annexed by Jimma in 1883.

 Gaza – Gaza Empire[22]
Capital: Manjacaze
Widely recognized state.

 Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi
Capital: Afgooye
Widely recognized state.

 Gera – Kingdom of Gera (to 1887)
Capital: Chala
Widely recognized state to 1887. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1887.

  Germany – German Empire
Capital: Berlin
Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

 Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma (to 1886)
Capital: Agaro
Widely recognized state to 1886. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1886.

  Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa
Capital: Jongaya
Widely recognized state.

  Greece – Kingdom of Greece
Capital: Athens
Widely recognized state.

  Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
Capital: Guatemala City
Widely recognized state.

 Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma (to 1885)
Capital: Not specified
Widely recognized state to 1885. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1885.

 Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman
Capital: Sampa, Drobo
Widely recognized state.

H edit


  Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Capital: Ha'il
Widely recognized state.

  Haiti – Republic of Haiti
Capital: Port-au-Prince
Widely recognized state.

H edit

  •   Harar – Emirate of Harar (to 1887)
  •   Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
  •   Honduras – Republic of Honduras
  •   Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
  •   Hunza – State of Hunza

I edit

  •  Igala – Igala Kingdom
  •  Igara – Kingdom of Igara
  •  Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom
  •   Isaaq – Isaaq Sultanate (to 1884)
  •   Italy – Kingdom of Italy

J edit

  •  Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
  •   Japan – Empire of Japan
  •  Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma (to 1884)
  •   Johor – Sultanate of Johor (to December 11, 1885)
  •  Jolof – Jolof Kingdom (to 1889)

K edit

  •  Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
  •  Kajara – Kajara Kingdom
  •   Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo (to 1885)
  •   Kano – Emirate of Kano
  •  Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom
  •  Kathiri
  •  Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
  •  Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso (to 1880)
  •  Kong – Kong Empire
  •   Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
  •         Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
  •  Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya
  •  Kuba – Kingdom of Kuba (to 1884)

L edit

M edit

N edit

Norway → Sweden and Norway

O edit

P edit

  •   Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang (to 1888)
  •   Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
  •   Persia – Sublime State of Persia
  •   Peru – Peruvian Republic
  •   Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal

Q edit

  •   Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (to 1888)

R edit

S edit

Sweden → Sweden and Norway

T edit

  •  Tagant – Emirate of Tagant
  •   Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti (to June 29, 1880)
  •   Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
  •  Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
  •  Trarza – Emirate of Trarza
  •   Tunis – Beylik of Tunis

U edit

V edit

W edit

Y edit

  •  Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

Z edit

States claiming sovereignty edit

  •   Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
  •    Counani – Republic of Independent Guiana
  •   Cuba – Republic of Cuba
  •   Franceville – Independent Commune of Franceville (from August 9, 1889)
  •   Goshen – State of Goshen (from October 24, 1882, to August 6, 1883)
  •  Goust – Republic of Goust
  •   Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
  •    Stellaland – Republic of Stellaland (from July 26, 1882, to September 30, 1885)
  •   Transvaal – South African Republic (from August 3, 1881)
  •   Upingtonia – Republic of Upingtonia (from October 20, 1885, to June 1887)

Notes edit

References edit

  1. ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
  2. ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, November 3, 2021, retrieved 2021-11-17
  3. ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  4. ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Argentina", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-11-16, retrieved 2021-11-19
  6. ^ "Asante empire". www.britannica.com. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  7. ^ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
  8. ^ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
  9. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barotse and Barotseland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 424–425.
  10. ^ "Belgium", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-21, retrieved 2022-02-06
  11. ^ Bradbury, R. E. (16 August 2018), "Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-colonial and Colonial Benin Politics (1897–1951)", Benin Studies, Routledge, pp. 76–128, doi:10.4324/9781351031264-4, ISBN 978-1-351-03126-4, S2CID 159119713, retrieved 27 January 2023
  12. ^ "Bora-Bora". Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
  13. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bornu" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
  14. ^ Hudson, Rex A. Brazil: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997, pg.22
  15. ^ Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
  16. ^ Ni, Lee Bih (2013). Brief History of Myanmar and Thailand. Universiti Malaysi Sabah. p. 7. ISBN 9781229124791.
  17. ^ Murdoch, John B. (1974). "The 1901-1902 Holy Man's Rebellion" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol.62.1 (digital image). Siam Heritage Trust: 2–9. Archived from the original (free) on July 13, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2013. Furthest afield were Vientiane and Bassac....
  18. ^ "República Liberal - Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile". www.memoriachilena.gob.cl.
  19. ^ Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979.
  20. ^ Garbou, Henri (1912). "La région du Tchad et du Oudaï; études ethnographiques, dialecte Toubou". Bulletin de Correspondence Africaine. XLVII1.
  21. ^ Aitchison, G (1931). A Collection Of Treaties, Engagements And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries. Vol. xi. Government of India. pp. 7–9.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  22. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gazaland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 544–545.