List of named alloys

This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.

Alloys by base metalEdit

AluminiumEdit

AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.^[1]
Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
Aluminium–Scandium (scandium)
Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars.
Duralumin (copper)
Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
Ni-Ti-Al (Titanium 40%, Aluminum 10%), also called Nital
Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium)

Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al₃Mn.

BerylliumEdit

Lockalloy (62% Beryllium, 38% Aluminium) ^[2]

BismuthEdit

Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
Rose metal (lead, tin)
Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)

ChromiumEdit

Chromium hydride (hydrogen)
Nichrome (nickel)
Ferrochrome (iron)
CrNi60WTi, a stainless steel alloy of chromium, nickel, 60 percent tungsten and titanium formed under electro-slag remelting (ESR) or vacuum arc remelting (VAR) conditions

CobaltEdit

Elgiloy (cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, manganese, carbon)
Megallium (cobalt, chromium, molybdenum)
Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
- Talonite (tungsten, molybdenum, carbon)
Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten) ^[3]
Vitallium (cobalt, chromium, molybdenum)

CopperEdit

Arsenical copper (arsenic)
Beryllium copper (0.5-3% Beryllium, 99.5%-97% Copper) ^[4] (beryllium)
Billon (silver)
Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
Bronze (tin, aluminium or other element)
- Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Arsenical bronze (arsenic, tin)
- Bell metal (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
- Guanín (gold silver)
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
- Ormolu (zinc)
- Silicon bronze (tin, arsenic, silicon)
- Speculum metal (tin)
- White bronze (tin, zinc)
Constantan (nickel)
Copper hydride (hydrogen)
Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
Cunife (nickel, iron)
Cupronickel (nickel)
CuAg (silver)
Cymbal alloys (tin)
Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
Hepatizon (gold, silver)
Manganin (manganese, nickel)
Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
Nickel silver (nickel)
Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
Shakudo (gold)
Tumbaga (gold)

GalliumEdit

Al Ga (aluminium, gallium)
Galfenol (iron)
Galinstan (indium, tin)

GoldEdit

See also notes below^{[note 1]}

Colored gold (silver, copper)
Crown gold (silver, copper)
Electrum (silver)
Rhodite (rhodium)
Rose gold (copper)
Tumbaga (copper)
White gold (nickel, palladium)

IndiumEdit

Field's metal (bismuth, tin)

IronEdit

Most iron alloys are steels, with carbon as a major alloying element.

Elinvar (nickel, chromium)
Fernico (nickel, cobalt)
Ferroalloys (Category:Ferroalloys)
Invar (nickel)
Cast iron (carbon)
Pig iron (carbon)
Iron hydride (hydrogen)
Kanthal (20–30% chromium, 4–7.5% aluminium); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
Kovar (nickel, cobalt)
Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)
Staballoy (stainless steel) (manganese, chromium, carbon) - see also Uranium below
Steel (carbon) (Category:Steels)
- Bulat steel
- Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)
- Crucible steel
- Damascus steel
- Ducol
- Hadfield steel
- High-speed steel
  - Mushet steel
- HSLA steel
- Maraging steel
- Reynolds 531
- Silicon steel (silicon)
- Spring steel
- Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)
  - AL-6XN
  - Alloy 20
  - Celestrium
  - Marine grade stainless
  - Martensitic stainless steel
  - Alloy 28 or Sanicro 28 (nickel, chromium)
  - Surgical stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, nickel)
  - Zeron 100 (chromium, nickel, molybdenum)
- Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
  - Silver steel (US:Drill rod) (manganese, chromium, silicon)
- Weathering steel ('Cor-ten') (silicon, manganese, chromium, copper, vanadium, nickel)
- Wootz steel

LeadEdit

MagnesiumEdit

Elektron
Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy

ManganeseEdit

MN40, used in a foil for brazing
MN70, used in a foil for brazing

MercuryEdit

NickelEdit

Category: Nickel alloys
Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
Chromel (chromium)
Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
Ferronickel (iron)
German silver (copper, zinc)
Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
Inconel (chromium, iron)
Inconel 686 (chromium, molybdenum, tungsten)
Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
Nichrome (chromium)
Nickel-carbon (carbon)
Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
Nimonic (chromium, cobalt, titanium), used in jet engine turbine blades
Nisil (silicon)
Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
Magnetically "soft" alloys
- Mu-metal (iron)
- Permalloy (iron, molybdenum)
- Supermalloy (molybdenum)
- Brass (copper, zinc, manganese)
  - Nickel hydride (hydrogen)
  - Stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, carbon, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon)
  - Coin silver (nickel)

PlutoniumEdit

Plutonium–aluminium
Plutonium–cerium
Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
Plutonium–zirconium

PotassiumEdit

NaK (sodium)
KLi (lithium)

Rare earthsEdit

Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Ferrocerium (cerium, iron)
Neodymium magnets, another strong permanent magnet
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium hydride (hydrogen)
Lanthanum-nickel alloy (nickel)

RhodiumEdit

Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)

UraniumEdit

Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also Iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
Uranium hydride (hydrogen)

ZincEdit

Zamak (aluminium, magnesium, copper)
Electroplated zinc alloys

NotesEdit

^ The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard^{[citation needed]} is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).^{[citation needed]} An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly^{[citation needed]} and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.^{[citation needed]}

ReferencesEdit

^ Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
^ Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties, University of California Press
^ "Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". Haynes International. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
^ Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972) [1], United States Department of the Interior
^ "Retired Product".

[5] The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard^{[citation needed]} is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).^{[citation needed]} An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly^{[citation needed]} and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.^{[citation needed]}

[1] Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.

[2] Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties, University of California Press

[3] "Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". Haynes International. Retrieved October 4, 2016.

[4] Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972) [1], United States Department of the Interior

[6] "Retired Product".

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