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List of countries by income equality

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This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has no income).

World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020.[1]
  •   Above 50%
  •   Between 45% to 50%
  •   Between 40% to 45%
  •   Between 35% to 40%
  •   Between 30% to 35%
  •   Below 30%
  •   No data

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by wealth inequality). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.[2][3]

UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indicesEdit

Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

Key:

R/P 10%
The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
R/P 20%
The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
Gini
Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
UN
Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA
Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.
Country Subregion Region UN R/P CIA R/P[4] Gini[5][6]
10%[4] 20%[7] 10% Year % Year
 
  Albania Southern Europe Europe 7.2 4.2 7.2 2004 30.8 2019
  Algeria Northern Africa Africa 9.6 4.0 9.6 1995 27.6 2011
  Angola Middle Africa Africa 9.0 51.3 2018
  Argentina South America Americas 31.6 8.8 35.0 2007 42.3 2020
  Armenia Western Asia Asia 8.0 5.0 25.8 2004 25.2 2020
  Australia Australia, New Zealand Oceania 12.5 6.3 12.7 1994 34.3 2018
  Austria Western Europe Europe 6.9 4.9 6.8 2004 30.2 2019
  Azerbaijan Western Asia Asia 9.7 9.5 2001 33.7 2008
  Bangladesh Southern Asia Asia 7.5 4.8 7.5 2000 32.4 2016
  Belarus Eastern Europe Europe 6.9 3.6 6.9 2002 24.4 2020
  Belgium Western Europe Europe 8.2 4.2 8.3 2000 27.2 2019
  Belize Central America Americas 28.8 19.9 2013 49.8 2014
  Benin Western Africa Africa 9.4 16.3 9.4 2003 37.8 2018
  Bhutan Southern Asia Asia 6.6 37.4 2017
  Bolivia South America Americas 93.9 11.8 157.3 2002 43.6 2020
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Europe 5.4 5.4 5.5 2001 33.0 2011
  Botswana Southern Africa Africa 43.0 15.0 53.3 2015
  Brazil South America Americas 16.5 21.1 16.3 2013 48.9 2020
  Bulgaria Eastern Europe Europe 7.0 7.3 8.8 2005 40.3 2019
  Burkina Faso Western Africa Africa 11.6 5.3 11.5 2003 47.3 2018
  Burundi Eastern Africa Africa 19.3 6.7 19.3 1998 38.6 2013
  Cambodia South-eastern Asia Asia 12.2 12.0 2004 37.9 2008
  Cameroon Middle Africa Africa 15.7 11.5 15.4 2001 46.6 2014
  Canada Northern America Americas 9.4 6.2 9.5 2000 33.3 2017
  Cape Verde Western Africa Africa 10.7 42.4 2015
  Central African Republic Middle Africa Africa 69.2 18.5 68.1 1993 56.2 2008
  Chad Middle Africa Africa 10.0 37.5 2018
  Chile South America Americas 26.2 11.2 32.1 2003 44.9 2020
  China Eastern Asia Asia 21.6 10.2 21.8 2004 38.2 2019
  Colombia South America Americas 60.4 13.4 56.3 2008 54.2 2020
  Comoros Eastern Africa Africa 11.2 45.3 2014
  DR Congo Middle Africa Africa 8.8 42.1 2012
  Congo Middle Africa Africa 12.8 48.9 2011
  Costa Rica Central America Americas 23.4 12.3 37.3 2003 49.3 2020
  Ivory Coast Western Africa Africa 16.6 8.4 17.0 2002 37.2 2018
  Croatia Southern Europe Europe 7.3 5.3 7.2 2003 28.9 2019
  Cyprus Western Asia Asia 5.3 31.2 2019
  Czech Republic Eastern Europe Europe 5.2 3.7 5.2 1996 25.3 2019
  Denmark Northern Europe Europe 8.1 4.0 12.0 2000 27.7 2019
  Djibouti Eastern Africa Africa 8.8 41.6 2017
  Dominican Republic Caribbean Americas 25.3 10.5 18.8 2012 39.6 2020
  Ecuador South America Americas 35.2 10.7 17.5 2006 47.3 2020
  Egypt Northern Africa Africa 8.0 4.6 8.0 2000 31.5 2017
  El Salvador Central America Americas 38.6 7.0 55.4 2002 38.8 2019
  Estonia Northern Europe Europe 10.8 5.4 11.0 2003 30.8 2019
  Eswatini Southern Africa Africa 25.1 14.2 25.4 2001 54.6 2016
  Ethiopia Eastern Africa Africa 6.6 7.1 6.5 2000 35.0 2015
  European Union Europe 8.6 2015 30.6 2012
  Fiji Melanesia Oceania 6.0 30.7 2019
  Finland Northern Europe Europe 5.6 3.9 5.7 2000 27.7 2019
  France Western Europe Europe 9.1 5.2 8.3 2004 32.4 2018
  Gabon Middle Africa Africa 7.4 38.0 2017
  Gambia Western Africa Africa 20.2 5.9 20.6 1998 35.9 2015
  Georgia Western Asia Asia 15.4 7.1 15.2 2003 34.5 2020
  Germany Western Europe Europe 6.9 5.1 6.9 2000 31.7 2018
  Ghana Western Africa Africa 14.1 10.3 13.7 1999 43.5 2016
  Greece Southern Europe Europe 10.2 7.1 10.4 2000 33.1 2019
  Guatemala Central America Americas 33.9 11.9 48.2 2002 48.3 2014
  Guinea Western Africa Africa 10.5 5.5 21.6 2006 29.6 2018
  Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Africa 19.0 12.6 84.8 1991 34.8 2018
  Guyana South America Americas 26.0 1999 44.6 2007
  Haiti Caribbean Americas 54.4 8.6 68.1 2001 41.1 2012
  Honduras Central America Americas 59.4 17.1 35.2 2003 48.2 2019
  Hong Kong Eastern Asia Asia 17.8 53.9 2016
  Hungary Eastern Europe Europe 5.5 4.9 5.6 2002 30.0 2019
  Iceland Northern Europe Europe 4.0 26.1 2017
  India Southern Asia Asia 8.6 5.5 8.6 2004 35.7 2011
  Indonesia South-eastern Asia Asia 7.8 6.6 7.9 2002 37.9 2021
  Iran Southern Asia Asia 17.2 7.7 16.9 1998 40.9 2019
  Iraq Western Asia Asia 4.4 29.5 2012
  Ireland Northern Europe Europe 9.4 5.0 9.4 2000 30.6 2018
  Israel Western Asia Asia 13.4 8.5 11.8 2005 38.6 2018
  Italy Southern Europe Europe 11.6 7.0 11.7 2000 35.2 2018
  Jamaica Caribbean Americas 17.3 17.0 2004 35.0 2016
  Japan Eastern Asia Asia 4.5 5.4 4.5 1993 32.9 2013
  Jordan Western Asia Asia 11.3 5.2 11.3 2003 33.7 2010
  Kazakhstan Central Asia Asia 8.5 3.8 8.0 2004 27.8 2018
  Kenya Eastern Africa Africa 13.6 7.7 18.6 2000 40.8 2015
  South Korea Eastern Asia Asia 7.8 5.3 5.9 2011 31.4 2016
  Kosovo Eastern Europe Europe[a] 29.0 2017
  Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Asia 6.4 3.8 6.4 2003 29.0 2020
  Laos South-eastern Asia Asia 8.3 5.9 8.4 2002 38.8 2018
  Latvia Northern Europe Europe 11.6 5.8 11.6 2003 34.5 2019
  Lebanon Western Asia Asia 5.1 31.8 2011
  Lesotho Southern Africa Africa 39.8 20.8 48.2 2002 44.9 2017
  Liberia Western Africa Africa 12.8 5.9 35.3 2016
  Lithuania Northern Europe Europe 10.4 7.2 10.3 2003 35.3 2019
  Luxembourg Western Europe Europe 5.7 6.8 2000 34.2 2019
  Macau Eastern Asia Asia 35.0 2013
  North Macedonia Southern Europe Europe 12.5 7.3 12.3 2003 33.0 2018
  Madagascar Eastern Africa Africa 19.2 8.7 19.3 2001 42.6 2012
  Malawi Eastern Africa Africa 10.9 8.1 11.0 2004 38.5 2019
  Malaysia South-eastern Asia Asia 22.1 8.2 28.0 2003 41.1 2015
  Maldives Southern Asia Asia 7.0 29.3 2019
  Mali Western Africa Africa 12.5 5.2 12.6 2001 36.1 2018
  Malta Southern Europe Europe 4.5 31.0 2019
  Mauritania Western Africa Africa 12.0 5.4 11.8 2000 32.6 2014
  Mauritius Eastern Africa Africa 5.9 36.8 2017
  Mexico Central America Americas 21.6 8.8 24.6 2004 45.4 2020
  Micronesia Micronesia Oceania 8.4 40.1 2013
  Moldova Eastern Europe Europe 8.2 3.6 8.3 2003 26.0 2019
  Mongolia Eastern Asia Asia 8.2 5.1 8.2 2002 32.7 2018
  Montenegro Southern Europe Europe 4.8 36.8 2018
  Morocco Northern Africa Africa 11.7 7.0 11.9 1999 39.5 2013
  Mozambique Eastern Africa Africa 18.8 14.2 18.8 2002 54.0 2014
  Myanmar South-eastern Asia Asia 6.3 11.6 1998 30.7 2017
  Namibia Southern Africa Africa 106.6 22.8 129.0 2003 59.1 2015
  Nepal Southern Asia Asia 15.8 5.0 15.6 2004 32.8 2010
  Netherlands Western Europe Europe 9.2 4.2 9.2 1999 29.2 2019
  New Zealand Australia, New Zealand Oceania 12.4 36.2 1997
  Nicaragua Central America Americas 31.0 10.2 15.4 2001 46.2 2014
  Niger Western Africa Africa 46.0 5.4 44.3 1995 37.3 2018
  Nigeria Western Africa Africa 17.8 9.1 17.5 2003 35.1 2018
  Norway Northern Europe Europe 6.1 4.1 6.0 2000 27.7 2019
  Pakistan Southern Asia Asia 6.5 4.8 6.6 2002 29.6 2018
  Panama Central America Americas 49.9 15.9 61.4 2003 49.8 2019
  Papua New Guinea Melanesia Oceania 23.8 9.3 23.8 1996 41.9 2009
  Paraguay South America Americas 38.8 11.7 65.9 2003 43.5 2020
  Peru South America Americas 26.1 10.3 31.5 2003 43.8 2020
  Philippines South-eastern Asia Asia 15.5 7.2 15.5 2003 42.3 2018
  Poland Eastern Europe Europe 8.8 4.6 8.7 2002 30.2 2018
  Portugal Southern Europe Europe 15.0 6.4 9.2 1995 32.8 2019
  Qatar Western Asia Asia 41.1 2007
  Romania Eastern Europe Europe 7.5 8.0 7.4 2003 34.8 2019
  Russia Eastern Europe Europe 12.7 6.6 12.8 2002 36.0 2020
  Rwanda Eastern Africa Africa 18.6 8.5 18.2 2000 43.7 2016
  São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Africa 4.7 40.7 2017
  Saudi Arabia Western Asia Asia 45.9 2013
  Senegal Western Africa Africa 12.3 7.7 12.4 2001 38.1 2018
  Serbia Southern Europe Europe 4.2 34.5 2019
  Seychelles Eastern Africa Africa 9.8 32.1 2018
  Sierra Leone Western Africa Africa 87.2 5.4 87.2 1989 35.7 2018
  Singapore South-eastern Asia Asia 17.7 17.3 1998 45.9 2017
  Slovakia Eastern Europe Europe 6.7 4.1 6.7 1996 23.2 2019
  Slovenia Southern Europe Europe 5.9 3.7 5.9 1998 24.4 2019
  Somalia Eastern Africa Africa 36.8 2017
  South Africa Southern Africa Africa 33.1 28.4 31.9 2000 63.0 2014
  South Sudan Eastern Africa Africa 13.0 44.1 2016
  Spain Southern Europe Europe 10.3 7.3 10.2 2000 34.3 2019
  Sri Lanka Southern Asia Asia 11.1 6.8 36.1 2003 39.3 2016
  Saint Lucia Caribbean Americas 6.8 51.2 2016
  Sudan Northern Africa Africa 6.2 34.2 2014
  Suriname South America Americas 57.9 1999
  Sweden Northern Europe Europe 6.2 4.6 6.2 2000 29.3 2019
  Switzerland Western Europe Europe 9.0 5.2 8.9 2000 33.1 2018
  Syria Western Asia Asia 37.5 2003
  Taiwan Eastern Asia Asia 6.1 2002 33.6 2014
  Tajikistan Central Asia Asia 7.8 5.6 7.8 2003 34.0 2015
  Tanzania Eastern Africa Africa 9.2 6.2 9.3 2000 40.5 2018
  Thailand South-eastern Asia Asia 12.6 6.0 12.4 2002 35.0 2020
  East Timor South-eastern Asia Asia 4.1 28.7 2014
  Togo Western Africa Africa 9.7 42.4 2018
  Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Americas 12.9 40.3 1992
  Tunisia Northern Africa Africa 13.4 5.2 13.7 2000 32.8 2015
  Turkey Western Asia Asia 6.6 8.5 17.1 2003 41.9 2019
  Turkmenistan Central Asia Asia 12.3 12.2 1998 40.8 1998
  Uganda Eastern Africa Africa 16.6 8.2 16.4 2002 42.7 2019
  Ukraine Eastern Europe Europe 5.9 3.5 7.6 2006 25.6 2020
  United Arab Emirates Western Asia Asia 26.0 2018
  United Kingdom Northern Europe Europe 13.8 5.4 13.6 1999 35.1 2017
  United States Northern America Americas 18.5 9.4 14.0 2014 41.5 2019
  Uruguay South America Americas 11.8 7.8 17.9 2003 40.2 2020
  Uzbekistan Central Asia Asia 10.6 10.6 2003 35.3 2003
  Venezuela South America Americas 18.8 15.8 50.3 2003 39.0 2011
  Vietnam South-eastern Asia Asia 6.9 6.2 10.0 2004 35.7 2018
  Yemen Western Asia Asia 8.6 6.1 8.6 2003 36.7 2014
  Zambia Eastern Africa Africa 21.1 57.1 2015
  Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Africa 8.6 50.3 2019
 World 38.0 2007


EU27 countriesEdit

Member state 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 
  Austria 27.4 27.6 27.0 27.6 27.2 27.2 27.9 26.8 27.5
  Belgium 26.3 26.5 25.9 25.9 26.2 26.3 26.1 25.7 25.1
  Bulgaria 35.0 33.6 35.4 35.4 37.0 37.7 40.2 39.6 40.8
  Croatia 31.2 30.9 30.9 30.2 30.4 29.8 29.9 29.7 29.2
  Cyprus 29.2 31.0 32.4 34.8 33.6 32.1 30.8 29.1 31.1
  Czech Republic 25.2 24.9 24.6 25.1 25.0 25.1 24.5 24.0 24.0
  Denmark 26.6 26.5 26.8 27.7 27.4 27.7 27.6 27.8 27.5
  Estonia 31.9 32.5 32.9 35.6 34.8 32.7 31.6 30.6 30.5
  Finland 25.8 25.9 25.4 25.6 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.9 26.2
  France 30.8 30.5 30.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 28.8 28.5
  Germany 29.0 28.3 29.7 30.7 30.1 29.5 29.1 31.1 29.7
  Greece 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.2 34.3 33.4 32.3 31.0
  Hungary 26.9 27.2 28.3 28.6 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.0
  Ireland 29.8 30.4 30.7 31.1 29.7 29.6 30.6 28.9
  Italy 32.5 32.4 32.8 32.4 32.4 33.1 32.7 33.4
  Latvia 35.1 35.7 35.2 35.5 35.4 34.5 34.5 35.6 35.2
  Lithuania 33.0 32.0 34.6 35.0 37.9 37.0 37.6 36.9 35.4
  Luxembourg 27.2 28.0 30.4 28.7 28.5 29.6 29.2 31.3 32.3
  Malta 27.2 27.1 28.0 27.7 28.1 28.6 28.2 28.7 28.0
  Netherlands 25.8 25.4 25.1 26.2 26.7 26.9 27.1 27.4 26.8
  Poland 31.1 30.9 30.7 30.8 30.6 29.8 29.2 27.8 28.5
  Portugal 34.2 34.5 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.9 33.5 32.1 31.9
  Romania 33.5 34.0 34.6 35.0 37.4 34.7 33.1 35.1 34.8
  Slovakia 25.7 25.3 24.2 26.1 23.7 24.3 23.2 20.9 20.3
  Slovenia 23.8 23.7 24.4 25.0 24.5 24.4 23.7 23.4 23.9
  Spain 34.0 34.2 33.7 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.1 33.2 33.0
  Sweden 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.9 26.7 27.6 28.0 27.0 27.6
  Serbia[n 1] — — 38.0 38.3 40.0 39.8 37.6 35.6
  Montenegro[n 2][8] — — 38.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.7
  European Union 30.5 30.4 30.6 30.9 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4
Eurozone (EA19) 30.6 30.5 30.7 31.0 30.7 30.7 30.4 30.6

OECD countriesEdit

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfersEdit

Country Gini Year
 
  Australia 0.441 2020
  Austria 0.486 2019
  Belgium 0.489 2019
  Canada 0.438 2020
  Chile 0.495 2017
  Costa Rica 0.551 2021
  Czech Republic 0.432 2019
  Denmark 0.445 2019
  Estonia 0.465 2019
  Finland 0.516 2020
  France 0.519 2019
  Germany 0.497 2019
  Greece 0.525 2019
  Hungary 0.463 2019
  Iceland 0.369 2017
  Ireland 0.520 2018
  Israel 0.449 2019
  Italy 0.511 2018
  Japan 0.501 2018
  Latvia 0.483 2020
  Lithuania 0.495 2019
  Luxembourg 0.490 2019
  Mexico 0.435 2020
  Netherlands 0.453 2020
  New Zealand 0.454 2020
  Norway 0.436 2020
  Poland 0.452 2018
  Portugal 0.511 2019
  Slovakia 0.383 2019
  Slovenia 0.444 2019
  South Korea 0.405 2020
  Spain 0.491 2019
  Sweden 0.433 2020
  Switzerland 0.402 2019
  Turkey 0.502 2019
  United Kingdom 0.507 2020
  United States 0.517 2021

Source:[9]

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfersEdit

Country Gini Year
 
  Australia 0.318 2020
  Austria 0.274 2019
  Belgium 0.262 2019
  Canada 0.280 2020
  Chile 0.460 2017
  Costa Rica 0.487 2021
  Czech Republic 0.248 2019
  Denmark 0.268 2019
  Estonia 0.305 2019
  Finland 0.265 2020
  France 0.292 2019
  Germany 0.296 2019
  Greece 0.308 2019
  Hungary 0.286 2019
  Iceland 0.250 2017
  Ireland 0.292 2018
  Israel 0.342 2019
  Italy 0.330 2018
  Japan 0.334 2018
  Latvia 0.355 2020
  Lithuania 0.357 2019
  Luxembourg 0.305 2019
  Mexico 0.420 2020
  Netherlands 0.304 2020
  New Zealand 0.320 2020
  Norway 0.263 2020
  Poland 0.281 2018
  Portugal 0.310 2019
  Slovakia 0.222 2019
  Slovenia 0.246 2019
  South Korea 0.331 2020
  Spain 0.320 2019
  Sweden 0.276 2020
  Switzerland 0.316 2019
  Turkey 0.415 2019
  United Kingdom 0.355 2020
  United States 0.375 2021

Source:[10]

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

  1. ^ Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
  2. ^ Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
  1. ^ The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo is formally recognised as an independent state by 101 out of 193 (52.3%) UN member states (with another 13 recognising it at some point but then withdrawing their recognition), while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own territory.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ "Gini index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
  2. ^ Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011 Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. Global & Local Economic Review.
  3. ^ The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
  4. ^ a b Monino, Jean-Louis; Sedkaoui, Soraya (2016-03-11). Data Development Mechanisms. Big Data, Open Data and Data Development. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 43–72. doi:10.1002/9781119285199.ch3. ISBN 978-1-119-28519-9. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
  5. ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  6. ^ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
  7. ^ "Human Development Reports". UNDP. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  8. ^ GINI Index for Montenegro (Report). 18 January 2018.
  9. ^ "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
  10. ^ "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (disposable income, post taxes and transfers)

Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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