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List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita

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This article is about carbon dioxide emissions only. For all greenhouse gases, see List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions per person.

This is a list of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita per year.

See or edit source data.
Annual production-based CO2 emissions per capita from 1900 to 2017, globally and for each country.[1]
2019 Worldwide CO2 Emissions (by region, per capita), variwide chart
CO₂ emissions per capita (production-based), 2017 (Our World in Data).

The first section is devoted to emissions based on the production of goods and services within each country (also known as territorial-based emissions). It provides data regarding carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture but not emissions from land-use, land-use change and forestry (which includes deforestation). Emissions from international shipping or bunker fuels are also not included in national figures,[2] which can make a significant difference for small countries with important ports.

The second section provides data regarding emissions based on consumption of goods and services in each country. In addition to the emissions from goods and services produced locally, consumption-based accounting also includes the emissions from the consumption of goods and services produced abroad, i.e. imports, while it excludes emissions from the production of goods and services consumed abroad, i.e. exports. As it takes into account the emissions embodied in international trade, it is thus also known as trade-adjusted emissions accounting.

Carbon dioxide is the most important, though not the only anthropogenic greenhouse gas. For a more complete idea of how a country influences climate change, gases such as methane and nitrous oxide should be taken into account. This is particularly so in agricultural economies.

Carbon dioxide emissions are also known for earlier periods. A study of a global sample of twelve countries provide estimates for CO
2 emissions since 1800 and explores the long-run drivers of carbon dioxide emissions by decomposing changes in carbon emissions into population, income, technological and energy mix changes.[3]

Production-based emissions: annual carbon dioxide emissions in metric tons per capitaEdit

For a description of this method of greenhouse gas emissions accounting, see Greenhouse gas inventory § Production-based_accounting.
CO2 emissions by country/region name (only fossil fuels and cement manufacture, metric tons per capita per year for values up to 2014),[4] 2015 and 2018 figures are from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) and include all human activities leading to climate relevant emissions, except biomass/biofuel combustion (short-cycle carbon)[5]
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018
  Afghanistan 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
  Albania 1.9 2.7 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.6
  Algeria 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9
  American Samoa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 ..
  Andorra .. .. 7.5 6.7 8.0 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.0
  Angola 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0
  Antigua and Barbuda 1.9 3.6 4.2 3.7 4.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 6.2 6.2
  Argentina 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.7
  Armenia .. .. .. 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.0
  Aruba .. .. 26.4 20.8 26.2 26.2 25.9 24.7 24.5 13.2 8.4 8.4 9.2 9.3
  Australia 15.0 15.3 15.5 15.6 17.2 18.2 18.2 17.7 17.5 17.1 16.1 15.4 16.9 16.8
  Austria 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.8 8.3 7.5 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.4 6.9 8.0 8.2
  Azerbaijan .. .. .. 4.3 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.5
  Bahamas 37.9 6.4 7.6 6.0 5.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 5.1 5.3 7.4 6.3 7.7 7.7
  Bahrain 21.9 24.3 25.1 26.3 28.1 26.7 23.8 23.6 22.4 20.5 23.8 23.4 24.6 21.8
  Bangladesh 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
  Barbados 2.7 3.3 4.1 3.1 4.4 5.8 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.5 11.2 11.6
  Belarus .. .. .. 6.0 5.4 6.6 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.8
  Belgium 13.7 10.6 10.6 11.1 11.2 9.8 9.2 10.2 9.0 8.5 8.7 8.3 9.2 9.2
  Belize 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2
  Benin 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7
  Bermuda 8.0 7.9 8.5 8.9 8.4 9.9 7.3 9.3 6.9 7.4 7.1 8.8 6.9 7.2
  Bhutan 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.9
  Bolivia 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0
  Bosnia and Herzegovina .. .. .. 0.9 3.7 5.4 5.5 5.7 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.8 7.8
  Botswana 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.2
  Brazil 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4
  British Virgin Islands 2.7 3.6 4.0 4.6 5.0 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 4.9 4.8
  Brunei 35.5 11.6 23.9 16.1 14.1 24.0 20.5 21.1 24.6 24.2 19.2 22.1 15.6 16.0
  Bulgaria 8.7 10.0 8.5 6.9 5.3 6.8 5.7 6.0 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.9 6.8 6.3
  Burkina Faso 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
  Burundi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
  Cape Verde 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.9
  Cambodia 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7
  Cameroon 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6
  Canada 18.0 16.3 15.7 15.9 17.4 16.9 16.0 15.7 15.6 14.9 14.6 15.2 16.4 16.1
  Cayman Islands 10.0 9.9 10.0 11.5 11.2 11.0 10.3 10.0 10.4 9.3 9.2 9.2 8.2 8.1
  Central African Republic 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Chad 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
  Chile 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.9 3.9 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.8 5.0
  China 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.8 2.7 5.7 6.0 6.6 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.7 8.0
  Colombia 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8
  Comoros 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
  Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
  Republic of the Congo 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.3
  Cook Islands .. .. 2.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.3 2.4
  Costa Rica 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8
  Ivory Coast 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6
  Croatia .. .. .. 3.6 4.4 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.7
  Cuba 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.4
  Curaçao .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39.4 33.9 37.7 46.7 52.1
  Cyprus 4.7 4.4 5.7 6.3 7.3 7.9 7.4 6.9 6.6 6.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 6.3
  Czech Republic .. .. .. 12.0 12.1 11.2 10.3 10.7 10.2 9.6 9.4 9.2 10.1 10.4
  Denmark 11.8 11.7 9.8 10.9 9.6 8.5 8.1 8.4 7.3 6.5 6.9 5.9 6.0 5.8
  Djibouti 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1
  Dominica 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7
  Dominican Republic 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3
  Ecuador 1.7 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.6 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.6
  Egypt 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.5
  El Salvador 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2
  Equatorial Guinea 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 5.2 5.1 4.9 6.2 4.9 4.8 4.7 3.0 2.5
  Eritrea .. .. .. 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 .. .. .. 0.1 0.2
  Estonia .. .. .. 12.2 10.6 13.1 10.9 13.6 14.0 13.3 15.1 14.8 15.1 18.6
  Eswatini 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
  Ethiopia 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
  Falkland Islands .. .. 6.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.0 13.6
  Faroe Islands .. .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 0.0
  Fiji 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
  Finland 12.2 10.1 10.4 10.3 10.1 10.6 10.0 11.6 10.5 9.1 8.7 8.7 8.4 8.8
  France 9.1 7.1 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.6 5.0 5.0
  French Guiana .. .. 3.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.7 2.6
  French Polynesia 1.9 3.3 2.2 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9 1.9 2.0
  Gabon 9.1 7.6 4.7 4.3 3.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.4 3.2
  Gambia 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
  Georgia .. .. .. 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.8
  Germany .. .. .. 10.6 10.1 9.5 8.8 9.3 9.1 9.2 9.4 8.9 9.6 9.1
  Ghana 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7
  Gibraltar 2.9 1.5 4.9 9.1 10.7 13.0 14.0 14.0 13.5 13.7 14.5 15.5 16.8 19.6
  Greece 5.3 6.1 7.3 7.5 8.5 8.7 8.3 7.5 7.2 7.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.5
  Greenland 11.2 9.6 10.0 9.0 9.5 11.7 10.2 11.7 12.4 10.0 9.8 9.0 9.2 9.4
  Grenada 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.7
  Guadeloupe .. .. 2.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.0 5.2
  Guam .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Guatemala 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2
  Guinea 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
  Guinea-Bissau 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
  Guyana 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.5
  Haiti 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
  Honduras 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1
  Hong Kong 3.3 4.2 4.8 5.1 6.1 6.3 6.0 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.1
  Hungary 8.1 8.1 6.7 5.8 5.5 5.5 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.8 5.4
  Iceland 8.2 6.7 7.8 7.3 7.7 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.9 6.1 11.6 12.1
  India 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9
  Indonesia 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1
  Iran 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.5 5.6 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.3 7.8 8.9
  Iraq 3.3 2.9 2.7 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.6 4.2 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.8
  Ireland 7.7 7.6 8.9 9.1 10.8 9.6 8.9 8.8 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.3 8.1 7.7
  Isle of Man .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 .. .. ..
  Israel 5.5 5.9 7.8 9.2 9.6 9.3 8.6 9.0 8.9 9.5 8.3 7.9 8.3 7.9
  Italy 6.9 6.6 7.4 7.6 7.9 7.6 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.2 5.7 5.3 6.0 5.8
  Jamaica 3.9 2.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.7
  Japan 8.1 7.6 8.9 9.4 9.6 9.4 8.6 9.1 9.3 9.6 9.8 9.5 9.6 9.4
  Jordan 2.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.6
  Kazakhstan .. .. .. 10.7 7.9 14.9 13.3 15.2 15.6 14.5 15.4 14.4 14.6 16.8
  Kenya 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
  Kiribati 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3
  North Korea .. .. 6.5 .. 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.2
  South Korea 3.5 4.4 5.8 8.3 9.5 10.3 10.3 11.4 11.8 11.6 11.7 11.6 12.6 13.6
Kosovo .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.7 ..
  Kuwait 18.0 16.8 24.3 34.0 26.1 31.2 31.0 29.9 28.5 30.1 27.3 25.2 24.3 23.9
  Kyrgyzstan .. .. .. 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7
  Laos 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
  Latvia .. .. .. 3.8 2.7 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.1
  Lebanon 2.4 3.0 3.0 4.5 4.7 4.2 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2
  Lesotho .. .. 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.3
  Liberia 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
  Libya 8.4 8.1 8.3 9.3 8.8 9.3 9.5 10.0 6.4 8.5 9.1 9.2 8.3 8.7
  Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 .. ..
  Lithuania .. .. .. 4.5 3.5 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.0
  Luxembourg 30.3 25.0 26.2 20.4 18.9 22.4 20.9 21.6 21.1 20.1 18.5 17.4 16.5 16.9
  Macau 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.8 2.6 3.9 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0
  North Macedonia .. .. .. 5.5 5.9 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.9
  Madagascar 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
  Malawi 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Malaysia 2.0 2.3 3.1 5.9 5.4 7.5 7.2 7.8 7.7 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0
  Maldives 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.3 2.0 2.0
  Mali 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Malta 3.2 3.6 6.1 5.6 5.3 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.1 6.4 5.5 5.4 4.0 3.5
  Marshall Islands .. .. 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 .. ..
  Martinique .. .. 2.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.1 6.4
  Mauritania 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7
  Mauritius 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.6 2.3 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.5
  Mexico 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8
  Federated States of Micronesia .. .. .. 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 .. ..
  Moldova .. .. .. 3.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.1
  Monaco .. .. .. .. .. 2.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.0 5.0
  Mongolia 4.1 4.7 4.6 3.4 3.1 4.6 4.9 5.1 7.8 9.3 13.5 7.1 5.8 6.3
  Montenegro .. .. .. .. .. 4.5 3.0 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.6 6.0 6.3
  Morocco 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9
  Mozambique 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3
  Myanmar 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6
  Namibia .. .. 0.0 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.7
  Nauru 16.7 15.3 13.6 10.7 8.4 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.0 .. ..
    Nepal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3
  Netherlands 12.5 10.2 10.6 11.6 10.9 10.8 10.4 11.0 10.4 10.2 10.3 9.9 10.0 9.5
  New Caledonia 14.3 9.4 9.3 10.7 10.5 11.8 12.1 14.2 14.3 14.0 16.1 16.0 18.7 26.2
  New Zealand 5.6 6.7 7.1 7.4 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.7
  Nicaragua 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0
  Niger 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Nigeria 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6
  Norway 9.3 9.8 7.4 7.7 8.8 11.7 11.5 12.3 9.1 9.9 11.5 9.3 8.8 9.4
  Oman 5.2 5.8 6.3 7.2 9.7 15.5 14.3 15.6 16.7 17.1 16.5 15.4 18.8 17.6
  Pakistan 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0
  Palau 12.9 11.8 15.6 13.6 13.0 12.5 12.1 12.4 12.3 12.2 12.3 12.3 56.1 58.0
  Panama 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.9 2.8
  Papua New Guinea 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5
  Paraguay 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
  Peru 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.8
  Philippines 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4
  Poland 13.1 12.0 9.7 8.9 7.8 8.3 7.8 8.3 8.3 7.9 7.9 7.5 8.0 8.8
  Portugal 2.8 2.7 4.2 5.2 6.1 5.3 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 5.0 5.1
  Puerto Rico .. .. 0.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 0.9
  Qatar 58.5 33.4 24.7 61.9 58.6 46.7 43.5 40.7 41.2 44.6 37.8 45.4 39.4 38.2
  Réunion .. .. 1.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.1 3.4
  Romania 8.8 8.5 7.5 5.6 4.0 4.7 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.5 4.0 4.1
  Russia .. .. .. 11.0 10.6 12.0 11.0 11.7 12.3 12.8 12.4 11.9 11.8 12.1
  Rwanda 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Samoa 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.7
  San Marino .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.0 5.8
  São Tomé and Príncipe 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7
  Saudi Arabia 17.4 13.1 11.4 12.6 14.3 16.6 17.6 18.9 17.7 19.4 18.1 19.5 19.3 18.6
  Senegal 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7
  Serbia .. .. .. .. .. 7.1 6.3 6.3 6.8 6.1 6.3 5.3 6.0 6.3
  Seychelles 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.6 7.1 8.0 6.0 4.9 3.9 5.0 4.5 5.4 9.5 10.3
  Sierra Leone 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
  Singapore 13.0 12.2 14.6 12.0 12.2 7.5 11.2 11.0 8.7 6.8 10.3 10.3 9.3 9.7
  Sint Maarten .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.1 19.5 19.5 .. ..
  Slovakia .. .. .. 7.9 6.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.4 6.1 6.1 5.7 6.4 7.0
  Slovenia .. .. .. 7.2 7.2 8.6 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.2 6.9 6.2 6.9 7.5
  Solomon Islands 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2
  Somalia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
  South Africa 7.7 9.6 8.3 8.6 8.3 9.9 9.9 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.7 9.0 8.6 8.3
  South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4
  Spain 5.7 5.2 5.6 6.1 7.3 7.2 6.2 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.1 5.0 5.9 6.0
  Sri Lanka 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
  Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha .. .. 1.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.7 4.4
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.2 1.2 2.6 3.0 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.4
  Saint Lucia 1.0 1.0 1.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon .. .. 23.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.0 12.5
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.1 2.9 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.7
  Sudan 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 .. 0.4 0.4
  Suriname 6.5 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.6 3.8 3.8 4.6 3.7 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.8 4.0
  Sweden 8.6 7.5 6.1 6.2 5.6 5.3 4.6 5.5 5.5 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5
   Switzerland 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.3 4.8 4.8
  Syria 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6
  Taiwan .. .. 6.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.3 12.0
  Tajikistan .. .. .. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7
  Tanzania 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
  Thailand 0.8 0.9 1.6 2.7 2.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.1
  Timor-Leste .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2
  Togo 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4
  Tonga 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
  Trinidad and Tobago 15.6 17.7 13.9 13.6 18.8 33.7 34.0 36.1 35.2 33.9 34.5 34.2 26.7 26.2
  Tunisia 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
  Turkey 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.9 3.4 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.1
  Turkmenistan .. .. .. 8.1 8.3 11.5 10.1 11.3 12.1 12.3 12.4 12.5 13.4 14.4
  Turks and Caicos Islands .. .. 2.5 3.1 3.7 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 4.8 4.7
  Tuvalu .. .. 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 .. ..
  Uganda 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
  Ukraine .. .. .. 8.7 6.5 6.7 5.6 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.0 5.0 4.8 4.5
  United Arab Emirates 35.4 35.9 28.0 28.8 35.7 22.8 21.9 19.4 19.1 19.8 19.0 23.3 22.1 22.4
  United Kingdom 10.3 9.9 9.7 9.3 9.2 8.4 7.6 7.9 7.1 7.4 7.1 6.5 6.3 5.6
  United States 20.8 18.9 19.3 19.3 20.2 18.5 17.2 17.4 17.0 16.3 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.1
  Uruguay 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.5 2.4 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0
  Uzbekistan .. .. .. 4.5 4.9 4.5 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1
  Vanuatu 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.3
  Venezuela 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.0 6.6 6.1 6.0 5.1 3.7
  Vietnam 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.8
  United States Virgin Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
West Bank and Gaza .. .. .. .. 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 .. .. ..
  Yemen 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4
  Zambia 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
  Zimbabwe 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2011 with rank by 2009 emissions (only fossil fuels and cement manufacture, metric tons per capita)[6] Data include emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes, such as the production of cement, and does not include land use.[7]
Rank Country 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1.   Qatar 25.2 36.7 54.3 60.9 58.7 58.6 59.2 65.8 57.0 53.3 56.3 43.2 40.9 41.8 50.5 64.2 49.5 55.4 48.6 44.0 42.6 44.0
2.   Trinidad and Tobago 13.9 17.1 17.0 13.5 15.8 16.6 17.1 15.0 15.0 17.7 18.9 19.2 20.6 21.2 24.0 23.5 26.1 27.9 37.3 35.8 38.3 37.1
3.   Netherlands Antilles 32.6 26.9 22.6 35.0 34.3 34.1 32.5 34.2 1.5 11.6 31.6 32.2 31.0 30.1 31.3 30.7 29.4 32.5 31.9 31.0
4.   Kuwait 19.0 5.1 10.0 16.9 20.8 30.8 28.5 33.8 32.3 31.4 31.9 28.8 26.2 28.9 31.1 33.3 31.1 30.7 31.3 30.3 29.7 28.1
5.   Brunei 25.0 22.0 21.4 20.0 18.8 18.7 18.5 18.7 18.8 14.1 19.6 18.2 17.1 16.4 16.7 15.4 14.5 25.3 27.6 23.7 21.9 24.4
6.   United Arab Emirates 29.4 30.2 29.5 31.1 33.1 30.3 16.9 16.4 34.2 29.0 39.1 33.3 23.3 28.2 28.7 28.3 28.7 25.3 24.7 22.6 20.1 20.4
7.   Aruba 29.1 29.4 25.0 24.3 23.2 22.5 22.1 22.0 19.5 19.3 24.9 24.4 24.1 23.6 23.1 22.9 22.5 23.0 21.7 21.5 24.2 23.9
8.   Bahrain 24.1 22.6 20.1 27.8 27.2 27.7 26.3 28.5 29.6 28.4 30.4 22.7 24.7 25.3 25.4 27.1 28.6 24.2 23.1 20.7 18.4 17.9
9.   Luxembourg 25.9 27.6 30.2 27.3 25.4 20.4 20.4 18.8 17.3 17.8 18.9 19.4 21.0 21.9 24.1 24.4 24.1 22.8 21.9 20.4 21.6 20.9
10.   Falkland Islands 18.5 17.9 17.2 16.4 15.7 16.3 17.2 18.1 13.4 13 12.8 15 14.9 16.2 17.2 17.1 19.8 19.8 19.7 19.6
11.   Australia 17.2 16.6 16.9 17.2 17.1 17.1 18.1 18.0 18.7 17.3 17.2 16.6 17.1 17.1 16.9 17.9 18.0 18.1 18.3 18.3 16.7 16.5
12.   United States 19.1 18.9 18.6 19.5 19.5 19.3 19.4 19.7 19.5 19.5 20.0 19.3 19.4 19.2 19.3 19.3 18.8 19.3 18.5 17.2 17.5 17.0
13.   Saudi Arabia 13.2 16.0 16.7 18.0 17.4 12.9 13.8 11.3 10.5 11.2 14.3 13.8 14.8 14.4 15.0 15.5 15.9 15.4 16.0 16.1 19.0 18.1
14.   Canada 16.2 16.0 16.5 16.7 15.7 15.7 15.8 16.2 15.9 15.7 17.5 17.0 16.7 17.5 17.3 17.3 16.8 16.5 16.4 15.3 14.6 14.1
15.   Oman 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.3 6.8 6.9 7.2 8.8 9.2 8.4 10.3 12.6 12.1 13.1 14.9 17.7 16.0 15.2 19.1 20.2
16.   Gibraltar 3.4 3.7 3.2 11.7 14.0 12.1 6.7 4.2 10.9 11.2 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.9 12.1 12.3 12.7 13.9 14.4 14.8 15.4 14.6
17.   Faroe Islands 13.2 12.7 14.4 13.4 11.9 14.7 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.0 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.2 14.0 14.0 14.1 14.3 14.6 14.6 13.0 11.7
18.   Nauru 14.4 14.1 14.3 14.0 13.8 13.9 13.9 13.8 13.8 13.5 13.5 13.8 13.8 14.2 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.4 5.5 5.1
19.   Kazakhstan - - 15.9 13.6 12.4 10.5 9.0 8.4 8.2 7.7 8.5 9.9 10.2 10.3 11.4 11.7 12.6 14.2 14.7 14.3 15.1 15.8
20.   Montserrat 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.3 5.9 7.4 8.4 11.1 12.7 14.1 14 13.1 12.4 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.1
21.   New Caledonia 9.5 10.2 9.9 9.6 9.1 9 8.9 9 8.7 9.6 10.7 9.7 10.9 12.1 11 11.9 11.6 12.4 13.7 12.0 15.7 15.2
22.   Estonia - - 16.4 13.5 13.8 12.6 13.5 13.7 12.7 11.6 11.7 12 11.8 13.6 13.9 13.6 13.1 14.9 13.7 11.9 13.8 14.0
23.   Russia - - 14 12.8 10.9 10.5 10.4 10 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.9 10.2 10.4 10.6 11.7 11.6 12.0 11.0 12.2 12.6
24.   Saint Pierre and Miquelon 14.6 16.4 15.1 11.6 11.1 11.1 11.1 7.6 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.8 9.5 10.6 10 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.9
25.   South Korea 5.6 6.1 6.5 7.1 7.7 8.3 9 9.4 8 8.8 9.5 9.6 10.1 10.1 10.4 9.7 9.9 10.5 10.6 10.6 11.5 11.8
26.   Czech Republic - - 13.5 12.8 12.3 12.5 12.9 12.9 12.5 11 12.3 12.3 12 12.2 12.2 12 12.1 12.1 11.3 10.4 10.6 10.4
27.   Taiwan[8][9] 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 8.0 8.4 8.7 9.3 9.7 9.4 9.8 10.2 10.6 10.9 11.5 11.6 11.8 12.1 11.2 10.3
28.   Netherlands 11 11.5 11.1 11.3 11.3 11.4 12 11.6 11.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.9 10.9 10.6 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.2 10.9 10.1
29.   Greenland 10 9.9 8.7 9 9.1 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.5 9.6 9.5 9.4 7.5 9.4 8.3 11.1 10.0 10.1 11.7 12.4
30.   Libya 9.2 9.5 8.9 9.2 8.9 9.6 8.7 10.2 9.4 9 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.0 9.8 10.0 10.5 6.2
31.   Finland 10.2 11 9.8 10.3 11.7 10.2 12 11.7 11.1 10.7 10.1 10.9 11.7 13.2 12.8 10.4 12.6 12.1 10.7 10.0 11.5 10.2
32.   Norway 7.4 7.5 6.9 7.3 6.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 9.2 8.7 9.1 8.2 9.3 10.1 10 10.6 9.5 9.4 8.9 9.4 9.1
33.   Palau 15.7 15.4 7.3 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.1 9.4 9.3 9.6 9.5 9.6 10.1 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.6 10.9
34.   Cayman Islands 9.7 10 9.7 9.6 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.3 11.3 10.6 10.3 10 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.8 10.0 10.3 10.1 10.3
35.   Cyprus 6.8 6.9 7.5 8 8.1 7.8 8 8.1 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.7 9.5 8.9 9 9.2 9.6 9.9 7.4 7.0 6.7
36.   Belgium 10.8 11.7 11.4 10.8 11.2 11.3 11.9 11.5 11.8 11.4 11.3 11.3 10.5 11.2 10.8 10.3 10.2 9.8 9.9 9.6 10.0 8.8
37.   Ireland 8.6 9.4 8.8 8.8 9.1 9.1 9.6 10 10.3 10.7 10.7 11.3 11 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.1 10.2 9.8 8.9 8.8 7.9
38.   Germany - 12 11.5 11.3 11.1 11 11.3 11 10.9 10.1 10.1 10.4 10.1 10.2 10.1 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.6 8.8 9.2 8.9
39.   Japan 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.9 9.9 10.1 10.1 9.7 9.5 9.7 9.6 9.7 9.9 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.5 8.6 9.1 9.3
40.   Turkmenistan - - 7.2 6.9 8.2 8.3 7.4 6.9 5.9 7.9 7.9 8.7 8.9 9.2 8.3 8.6 8.9 9.2 9.5 10.1 11.4 12.2
41.   Greece 7.2 6.6 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.5 7.8 7.6
42.   South Africa 9.1 9.2 8.4 8.7 8.9 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.2 8 7.5 8.1 8.7 8.5 8.3 8.8 8.8 9.6 9.0 9.3
43.   United Kingdom 10 10.3 10.2 9.8 9.7 9.7 10 9.5 9.5 9.1 9.2 9.3 9 9.1 9.1 9 9.1 8.9 8.5 7.6 7.8 7.1
44.   Slovenia - - 6.4 6.5 5.5 7.1 7.6 8 7.7 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 8.1 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
45.   Denmark 9.8 11.9 10.5 11.5 11.7 10.7 13 11 10.5 9.5 8.8 9.2 9.6 10.4 9.4 8.6 9.9 9.2 8.4 8.1 8.4 7.2
46.   Poland 9.1 9.1 8.9 9.2 8.7 9 9.3 9.1 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.9 7.7 8 8 7.9 8.4 8.3 8.3 7.8 8.3 8.3
47.   Bosnia and Herzegovina - - 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.4 5.5 6.2
48.   Seychelles 1.6 2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.6 5.3 5.6 6.4 7 7.9 6.6 6.8 9.4 8.4 9 7.5 8.1 8.5 7.7 6.8
49.   Austria 7.9 8.5 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.6 8.5 8.8 8.7 8.3 8.1 7.6 8.1 7.8
  European Union 8.8 7.2 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.6
50.   New Zealand 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.3 8 8.3 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.1 8 7.8 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.1
51.   Malaysia 3.1 3.7 3.9 4.7 4.7 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.1 4.7 5.4 5.8 5.6 6.5 6.7 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.7 7.4 8.0 7.9
52.   Italy 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.2 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 8 8 8 7.9 7.7 7.5 6.8 6.8 6.7
53.   Spain 5.9 6 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.7 8 8.2 8.0 8.1 7.4 6.2 5.8 5.8
54.   Iran 4 4 4.2 3.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.1 6 6.7 6.8 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.8
55.   Equatorial Guinea 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.9 5.7 8.9 10.4 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.3 6.5 6.4 8.9
  China 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.4 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.9 5.3 6.2 6.6 7.2
56.   Iceland 8.1 7.9 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.3 8.2 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.1 6.4 6.2 5.9
57.   Ukraine - - 11.9 10.1 8.3 8.4 7.8 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 7.1 7 7 6.8 6.9 7.0 5.6 6.6 6.3
58.   Singapore 15.6 15.3 15.8 16.7 19.4 13.5 15.4 18.7 16.2 13.3 13 12.9 12.4 11.8 12.1 11.8 11.0 8.0 7.0 4.8 2.7 4.3
69.   Slovakia - - 8.6 7.7 7.6 8.1 8 7.8 8 7.4 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 6.9 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.4
60.   Bulgaria 8.7 6.8 6 7.9 6.4 7 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.5 6 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.8 6.7 5.7 6.0 6.7
61.   Belarus - - 9.6 7.8 7 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 6 6.3 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.7
62.   Andorra - - - - - 6.3 6.5 7 7.4 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.0
63.   Bahamas 7.6 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 4.8 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.5 3.0 4.6 6.8 5.2
64.   Malta 6 6 6.1 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.8 8.5 5.6 6.1 5.3 6.3 5.8 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.3 5.8 6.3 6.0
65.   France 7 7.5 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.8 7 6.5 7 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.2
66.   Venezuela 6.2 5.7 5.1 5.9 6 6 5.4 5.8 7.1 7.2 6.2 6.9 7.6 7.4 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.8 6.4
67.   Bermuda 10 8.5 6.7 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.3 8 10.5 6.9 8.1 8.0 6.0 7.1 7.3 6.1
68.   North Macedonia - - 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.9 5.4 6.3 5.9 6 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.6 5.8 4.2 4.2 4.5
69.   Hong Kong 4.8 5 5.7 5.9 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.8 6 6.5 6.1 5.6 5.5 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.2 5.7
70.   Hungary 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.9 5.7 6 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 4.9 5.1 4.9
71.   Azerbaijan - - 5.9 5.7 5.5 4.3 4 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.1 4.9 5.4 3.6 3.4 3.6
72.    Switzerland 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.6
73.   Israel 7.8 7.5 8.4 8.6 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.2 9.6 9.9 9.1 9.4 8.7 8.2 8.9 8.6 9.3 8.6 9.0 9.0
74.   Sweden 6 6.4 6.6 6.1 6.4 6.1 6.8 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.7 6.4 6.1 6 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 4.7 5.6 5.5
75.   Barbados 4.1 4.6 3.8 4.3 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.5 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 5 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.8 5.4 5.6
76.   Portugal 4.4 4.8 5.2 4.7 4.9 5.3 5 5.3 5.7 6.4 6.2 6.1 6.5 5.9 6 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.2 4.7 4.7
77.   Croatia - - 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.7 5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.8
79.   Antigua and Barbuda 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.9 6.0 5.8
80.   Serbia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.3 6.3 6.8
81.   Saint Kitts and Nevis 1.6 1.8 1.8 2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1
82.   Turks and Caicos Islands - - - - - 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 4.2 3.9 3.6 4 4.5 4.9 4.8 5.9 6.2 6.0
83.   Argentina 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 4 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.6
84.   Martinique 5.8 5.1 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 4.1 4 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.8
85.   Guadeloupe 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7
86.   Suriname 4.5 5.1 5 5.1 5 5 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.6 3.6
World 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.9
87.   Uzbekistan 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 5 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.9
88.   Lithuania 6 4.8 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.6 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.6 3.9 4.3 4.5
89.   British Virgin Islands 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3
90.   Jamaica 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.8 4 4.1 3.9 4.1 4 3.8 4.5 5.2 4.5 3.2 2.7 2.9
91.   Mexico 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.9 4 4 4 3.9 4 3.9 4 4 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9
92.   Romania 6.8 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.2 4.6 3.9 4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.6 4.4 4.7 4.0 3.9 4.2
93.   Chile 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8 3 3.4 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 4 4 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.6
94.   French Guiana 7 6.9 7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.9 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.2
95.   Algeria 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3
96.   Mongolia 4.5 5.4 4.9 4.1 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.8 4.1 4.2 6.9
97.   Thailand 1.7 2 2.2 2.4 2.7 3 3.3 3.4 3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.5
98.   Turkey 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3 3.3 2.9 3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.4
99.   Jordan 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.3
100.   Anguilla - - - - - - - 1.7 2.5 2.4 3 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.5
101.   Réunion 2.4 2.8 2.8 2.7 3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5
102.   Cook Islands 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.4
103.   Iraq 2.9 2.6 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.1 3.1 3 3 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 2.2 3.2 3.5 3.6 4.2
104.   Latvia - - 5.1 4.5 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.8 3 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.8
105.   Syria 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 4 4 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.0 2.8
106.   Lebanon 3.1 3.1 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.8 4.2 4.3 3.6 3.3 4.2 5.0 4.6 4.5
107.   French Polynesia 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2
108.   Mauritius 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 3 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
109.   Macau 2.8 2.9 2.8 3 3.2 3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.1
110.   North Korea 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.4 12.1 11.9 11.7 10.6 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0
111.   Maldives 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0
112.   Botswana 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2 2 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.3
113.   Niue 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6
114.   Cuba 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.2
115.   Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.1 2.9 2.9 3.5 4.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4
116.   Tunisia 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4
117.   Egypt 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 2 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6
118.   Grenada 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 2 1.9 2 2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4
119.   Saint Lucia 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3
120.   Ecuador 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.2 2 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 2 2 2 2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.4
121.   Panama 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.8 2.1 2.1 2 2 2.3 1.9 2 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6
122.   Dominican Republic 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6 2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2
123.   Guyana 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.4
124.   Brazil 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2
125.   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0.8 0.7 0.8 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2
126.   Uruguay 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.8 2.5 2.4 1.9 2.3
127.   Wallis and Futuna - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9
128.   Costa Rica 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7
129.   Dominica 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7
130.   Indonesia 0.8 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.3
131.   Fiji 1.1 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1 0.9 1 1.1 1.4 1.1 2 2.3 2 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.4
132.   Marshall Islands 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0
133.   Tonga 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0
  India 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
134.   Armenia - - 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 1 1.1 1 1.1 1.2 1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.7
135.   Morocco 0.9 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
136.   Namibia 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.2
137.   Peru 1 0.9 0.9 1 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1 1 1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.8
138.   Albania 2.3 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6
139.   Angola 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
140.   Belize 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7
141.   Bolivia 0.8 0.8 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6
142.   Colombia 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6
143.   Gabon 5.0 1.5 2.1 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4
144.   Georgia - - 3.1 2.0 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0
146.   Moldova - - 4.8 3.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4
147.   Vietnam 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0
148.   Honduras 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1.1 1.1 1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1
149.   El Salvador 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1
150.   Kyrgyzstan - - 2.5 1.9 1.3 1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1 0.9 0.8 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2
151.   Tajikistan - - 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
152.   Guatemala 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7
153.   Yemen 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9
154.   Bhutan 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8
155.   Pakistan 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9
156.   Samoa 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3
157.   Eswatini 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9
158.   Nicaragua 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
159.   Philippines 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 1 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9
160.   São Tomé and Príncipe 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6
161.   Zimbabwe 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1 1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7
162.   Paraguay 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
163.   Cape Verde 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9
164.   Djibouti 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
165.   Mauritania 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
166.   Federated States of Micronesia - - - - - - - 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.2
167.   Nigeria 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
168.   Palestine - - - - - - - 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6
169.   Sri Lanka 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8
170.   Benin 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
171.   Papua New Guinea 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7
172.   Senegal 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6
173.   Vanuatu 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
174.   Western Sahara 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
175.   Republic of the Congo 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5
176.   Ghana 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
177.   Solomon Islands 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
178.   Bangladesh 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
179.   Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
180.   Cameroon 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
181.   Ivory Coast 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
182.   Kenya 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
183.   Kiribati 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6
184.   Laos 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
185.   Myanmar 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
186.   Sudan 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
187.   Comoros 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
188.   Gambia 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
189.   Guinea-Bissau 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
190.   Haiti 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
191.   Liberia 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2
192.   Sierra Leone 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
193.   Timor-Leste - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
194.   Togo 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
195.   Zambia 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
196.   Burkina Faso 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
197.   Central African Republic 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
198.   Eritrea - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
199.   Ethiopia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
200.   Guinea 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
201.   Madagascar 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
202.   Malawi 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
203.   Mozambique 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
204.     Nepal 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
205.   Niger 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
206.   Rwanda 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
207.   Somalia 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
208.   Uganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
209.   Tanzania 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
210.   Afghanistan 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
211.   Burundi 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
212.   Chad 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
213.   Democratic Republic of the Congo 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
214.   Mali 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
-   Soviet Union 13.5 13.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-   Czechoslovakia 14.0 12.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-   Yugoslavia 5.8 4.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Consumption-based emissions: annual carbon dioxide emissions in metric tons per capitaEdit

For a description of this method of greenhouse gas emissions accounting, see Consumption-based accounting of greenhouse gas emissions.
CO2 data from the Global Carbon Project, population data from the United Nations
Country 2016[10]
  Kuwait 22.72
  Brunei 22.63
  Niue -
  Qatar 33.17
  Belize -
  Oman 15.44
  Bahrain 14.05
  Australia (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia) 15.59
  United Arab Emirates 15.82
  Libya -
  Canada (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by Canada) 15.82
  Turkmenistan -
  Luxembourg 41.82
  United States (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States) 17.75
  Equatorial Guinea -
  Trinidad and Tobago 13.10
  Grenada -
  Saudi Arabia 19.29
  Kazakhstan 12.92
  Estonia 13.29
  Palau -
  New Zealand 8.42
  Russia (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by Russia) 9.59
  Mongolia 8.62
  South Korea 12.50
  Ireland 9.14
  Barbados -
  Finland 12.65
  Israel 10.14
  Czech Republic 10.01
  Antigua and Barbuda -
  Netherlands 8.96
  Germany 10.84
  Central African Republic -
  Japan 11.06
  Malaysia 8.27
  Belgium 15.61
  Uruguay 2.04
  Singapore 21.87
  Belarus 7.21
  South Africa 6.00
  Poland 7.81
  Denmark 9.22
  Iran 7.14
  Norway 9.28
  Austria 10.53
  Bahamas -
  Iceland -
  Venezuela 4.70
  Slovenia 8.02
  China (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by China) 6.27
  United Kingdom (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by the United Kingdom) 8.46
  Iraq -
  Ukraine 5.39
  Saint Kitts and Nevis -
  Bosnia and Herzegovina -
  Argentina 4.71
  Greece 5.67
  Seychelles -
  Bulgaria 5.40
  Uzbekistan -
  Slovakia 8.59
  Azerbaijan 4.30
  Italy 7.68
  Malta 11.09
  France 6.93
  Serbia -
  Spain 6.21
  Lithuania 7.88
  Saint Lucia -
   Switzerland 14.25
World 4.78
  Latvia 6.2
  Suriname -
  Botswana 6.00
  Cook Islands -
  Cyprus 6.61
  Angola -
  Mexico 4.13
  Chile 5.15
  Portugal 5.28
  Paraguay 0.78
  Hungary 6.56
  Croatia 4.46
  Romania 3.75
  Thailand 4.51
  Montenegro -
  Turkey (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by Turkey) 5.69
  Guyana -
  Sweden 7.14
  Lebanon -
  Brazil 2.52
  Algeria -
  Namibia 6.14
  Nauru -
  Mauritius 2.18
  Bolivia 0.47
  Panama 4.72
  Sudan -
  Cuba -
  Gabon -
  Gambia -
  Tonga -
  Cameroon 0.19
  Ecuador 2.86
  Jordan 3.4
  Georgia 1.59
  Colombia 2.06
  Dominica -
  Jamaica 1.10
  Syria -
  Zambia -
  Tunisia 1.02
  Dominican Republic 0.86
  Fiji -
  Egypt 2.37
  Armenia 0.93
  Indonesia 1.93
  Costa Rica 1.34
  Maldives -
  Albania 0.96
  Mauritania -
  Peru 2.31
  Moldova -
  Vietnam 2.23
  Kyrgyzstan 1.59
  Samoa -
  Vanuatu -
  North Korea -
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -
  Honduras 0.50
  Nicaragua 0.37
  Morocco 1.83
  India (see: Greenhouse gas emissions by India) 1.67
  Eswatini -
  Chad -
  Papua New Guinea -
  Lesotho -
  Myanmar -
  Bhutan -
  Sri Lanka 1.59
  El Salvador 0.57
  Zimbabwe 0.29
  Senegal 0.33
  Cambodia 0.95
  Pakistan 1.06
  Mali -
  Nigeria 0.29
  Laos 0.98
  Philippines 1.38
  Guatemala 0.49
  Djibouti -
  Tanzania 0.20
  Republic of the Congo -
  Ivory Coast 0.25
  Niger -
  Eritrea -
  Guinea 0.02
  Afghanistan -
  Yemen -
  Burkina Faso 0.06
  Kenya 0.30
  Ethiopia 0.10
    Nepal 0.53
  Tajikistan -
  Benin 0.44
  Guinea-Bissau -
  Ghana 0.39
  Cape Verde -
  Madagascar 0.09
  Mozambique 0.37
  Bangladesh 0.67
  São Tomé and Príncipe -
  Solomon Islands -
  Sierra Leone -
  Togo 0.74
  Uganda -
  Kiribati -
  Haiti -
  Malawi 0.11
  Rwanda 0.01
  Democratic Republic of the Congo -
  Comoros -
  Liberia -
  Burundi -

See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

  1. ^ "Where in the world do people emit the most CO2?". Our World in Data. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  2. ^ Schrooten, L; De Vlieger, Ina; Int Panis, Luc; Styns, R. Torfs, K; Torfs, R (2008). "Inventory and forecasting of maritime emissions in the Belgian sea territory, an activity based emission model". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (4): 667–676. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42..667S. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.071.
  3. ^ Sofia Teives Henriques and Karol J. Borowiecki, "The Drivers of Long-run CO2 Emissions: A Global Perspective since 1800" EHES Working Papers in Economic History No. 62, 2014.
  4. ^ "World Development Indicators | DataBank".
  5. ^ EU publications: Fossil CO2 and GHG emissions of all world countries, 2019 report Study
  6. ^ "Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), metric tons of CO2 per capita (CDIAC)". UNStats - United Nations Millennium Development Goals Indicators. Data from United Nations Statistics Division and United States Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  7. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Environmental Indicators - CO2 emissions in 2007" unstats.un.org. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  8. ^ CDIAC: Taiwan National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning, Cement Manufacture, and Gas Flaring: 1751-2007
  9. ^ CDIAC: Top 20 Emitting Nations Based on Latest (2009) Per Capita Emissions
  10. ^ "Are consumption-based CO₂ per capita emissions above or below the global average?". Our World in Data [data sources: Global Carbon Project and UN World Population Prospects]. Retrieved 15 December 2019.

External linksEdit

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