List of active separatist movements in North America
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This is a list of currently "active" separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must be movements that currently exist, which are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
- They are active movements with living, active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
- They are the citizen/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from other countries.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
- De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations (sometimes called terrorist organisations)
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s)
CanadaEdit
Results of the 1995 Quebec independence referendum. 49.42% voted in favour of independence.
Regions and islandsEdit
Individual provincesEdit
- Alberta separatism[1]
- Quebec sovereignty movement
- Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l'indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)
- Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Communist Party of Canada, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec
- Quebec autonomy movement
DenmarkEdit
Map of Greenland
- Secessionist movements
- For other movements in Denmark, see List of active separatist movements in Europe.
- Greenlandic independence movement[2][3]
- Political party: Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Naleraq and Nunatta Qitornai.
FranceEdit
Map of Guadeloupe
Map of Martinique
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Map of Saint Barthelemy
Map of Saint Martin
- Autonomist movements or Secessionist movements
- Proposed state:
Republic of Guadeloupe
- Proposed state:
Republic of Martinique
- Political party:
Martinican Independence Movement
- Political party:
MexicoEdit
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Mexican statesEdit
- Ethnic group: Yucatecans, Mayans
- Proposed state:
Republic of Yucatán
- Political party: Alliance for Yucatan Party
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Mayans, Tzotzil
- De facto autonomous area:
Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
- Political parties: Council of Good Government
- Militant organization: Zapatista Army of National Liberation
- De facto autonomous area:
NicaraguaEdit
- Ethnic group: Miskito people
- Proposed state: Communitarian Nation of Moskitia
Saint Kitts and NevisEdit
Nevis and the neighbour Saint Kitts island.
- Proposed state: Dominion of Nevis.
- Political parties: Nevis Reformation Party (autonomist), Concerned Citizens' Movement (secessionist)
United StatesEdit
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RegionsEdit
Cascadia- Proposed state: Republic of Cascadia
- Pressure group: Cascadia Department of Bioregion
New England- Proposed state: Republic/Commonwealth of New England
Republic of Lakotah proposal- Proposed State: Republic Of Lakotah
- Pressure Group Lakota Freedom Movement
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- Proposed state: Confederate States of America or Southern United States or Dixie or Dixieland
- Pressure groups: League of the South, other neo-Confederate groups
- Proposed state: Republic of New Afrika
- Ethnic group: Afro-Americans
- Proposed entity: Includes Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi
Northwest Territorial Imperative[7][8]
- Racial group: White Americans
- Proposed state: Northwest American Republic
- Pressure groups: White supremacists[7][9]
StatesEdit
- Proposed state:
Second Californian Republic/"New" California
- Ethnic group: Americans, Californios, Indigenous Californians
- Pressure groups: Russian government,[10][11][12] Yes California, Californians for Independence
- Political parties: California National Party, California Freedom Coalition
- Proposed state:
Republic of Hawaii or The Hawaiian Kingdom
- Ethnic group: Native Hawaiians, Haoles
- Pressure groups: Nation of Hawaiʻi, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Ka Lahui Hawaii
- Political party: Aloha ʻĀina Party
- Proposed state:
Republic of Texas
- Ethnic group: Americans, Tejanos, Indigenous Texans
- Pressure groups: Texas Nationalist Movement, Anti-Globalization Movement of Russia[13][14]
- Proposed state: Republic of Alaska
- Political party: Alaskan Independence Party[15]
- Proposed state:
Vermont Republic
- Political party: Vermont Independence Party[16][17]
- Pressure group: Second Vermont Republic
TerritoriesEdit
Independence movement in Puerto Rico
- Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP), Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana (MVC)
- Pressure groups: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS)
- Militant organization: Boricua Popular Army (Macheteros), Cadets of the Republic
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
- ^ Hawaii is not geographically in the continent of North America, but is politically part of the United States.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Cecco, Leyland; Agren, David (25 November 2019). "Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ "Greenland Steps Up Its Independence Calls as Oil Ambitions Grow". Bloomberg.com. 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "As the ice melts, Greenland considers its future". BBC News. 2020-01-09. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Independence for Nevis still on the agenda, says premier". Caribbean Net News. 2006-07-16. Archived from the original on 2006-08-08. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
- ^ https://www.newenglandindependence.org/platform/. "New England Independence Campaign". Retrieved April 2, 2021.
- ^ https://www.cheatsheet.com/culture/separatist-movements-america.html/
- ^ a b "North American Republic". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ^ "Nazi and Neo-Nazi Flags in the United States, Northwest Front, Flags of the World".
- ^ Gardell, Mattias (2003-06-27). Gods of the Blood: The Pagan Revival and White Separatism. Duke University Press. pp. 112–13. ISBN 9780822330592.
- ^ "'Russian trolls' promoted California independence". BBC News. 2017-11-04. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "From His Home in Russia, #Calexit Leader Plots California Secession". KQED. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ Robinson, Melia. "Californians are talking about trying to leave the United States in a 'Calexit'". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Russia's blueprint for political chaos: Alleged hacking may just be part of Vladimir Putin's grand game". Salon. 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Inside the Russian effort to fuel American secessionists". Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ^ "Alaskan Independence Party".
- ^ "Vt. Independence Party to meet in Montpelier". WCAX-TV News. September 12, 2012.
- ^ "Vermont Independence Party convention". Seven Days newspaper. September 2012.