List of speakers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

This is a list of speakers of the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801.

For the 'prolocutors' and speakers of the House of Commons of England, see List of speakers of the House of Commons of England.

List of speakers edit

House of Commons of Great Britain, 1707–1800 edit

The Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the Acts of Union 1707. At the beginning of 1801, Great Britain was combined with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a single House of Commons serving the whole kingdom.

John Smith, Speaker of the House of Commons of England since October 1705, was elected the first Speaker of the House of Commons of Great Britain.

Portrait Name
Constituency
(Birth–Death)
Term of office
E: Election
R: Royal approbation
†: Death
Election(s)[1]
(in brackets if unopposed)
Parliament(s)
Retirement peerage
  John Smith
MP for Andover
(1656–1723)
E 23 October
R 30 October

1707
1708[a] (1707)[2] 1
  Sir Richard Onslow
Bt
MP for Surrey
(1654–1717)
E 16 November
R 18 November

1708
1710[b] (1708)[3] 2 Baron Onslow
  William Bromley
MP for Oxford University
(1663–1732)
E 25 November
R 27 November

1710
1713[c] (1710)[4] 3
  Sir Thomas Hanmer
Bt
MP for Suffolk
(1677–1746)
E 16 February
R 18 February

1714
1715[d] (1714)[5] 4
  Sir Spencer Compton
KB
MP for Sussex
(c. 1673–1743)
E 17 March
R 21 March

1715
1727[e] (1715)[6]
(1722)[7]
5
6
Baron Wilmington
  Arthur Onslow
MP for Surrey
(1691–1768)
E 23 January
R 27 January

1728
18 March
1761[f]
(1728)[9]
(1735)[10]
(1741)[11]
(1747)[12]
(1754)[13]
7
8
9
10
11
[g]
  Sir John Cust
Bt
MP for Grantham
(1718–1770)
E 3 November
R 6 November

1761
19 January
1770[h]
(1761)[16]
(1768)[17]
12
13
[i]
  Sir Fletcher Norton
MP for Guildford
(1716–1789)
E 22 January
R 23 January

1770
31 October
1780[j]
1770[18]
(1774)[19]
13
14
Baron Grantley
  Charles Wolfran Cornwall
MP for Winchelsea until 1784
MP for Rye from 1784
(1735–1789)
E 31 October
R 1 November

1780
2 January
1789
1780[20]
(1784)[21]
15
16
[k]
  William Wyndham Grenville
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1759–1834)
E 5 January
1789
no royal approbation[l]
5 June
1789[m]
Jan.1789[24] 16 Baron Grenville
  Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)
E 8 June
R 9 June

1789
continued as
UK Speaker
Jun.1789[25]
(1790)[26]
(1796)[27]
16
17
18
Viscount Sidmouth

House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 edit

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created in 1801. In 1922 the Irish Free State ceased to be part of the UK. The official name of the United Kingdom was changed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, in 1927.

Portrait Name
Constituency
(Birth–Death)
Term of office
E: Election
R: Royal approbation
†: Death
Election(s)
(in brackets if unopposed)
Parliament(s)
Party[n] Retirement peerage
  Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)
E 22 January
R 23 January

1801
10 February
1801[o]
(Jan.1801)[31] 1 Tory Viscount Sidmouth
  Sir John Mitford
KC FRS
MP for East Looe
(1748–1830)
E 11 February
R 12 February

1801
9 February
1802[p]
(Feb.1801)[33] 1 Tory Baron Redesdale
  Charles Abbot
FRS
MP for Helston until 1802
MP for Woodstock 1802–1806
MP for Oxford University after 1806
(1757–1829)
E 10 February
R 11 February

1802
2 June
1817
(Feb.1802)[34]
(Nov.1802)[35]
(1806)[36]
(1807)[37]
(1812)[38]
1
2
3
4
5
Tory Baron Colchester
  Sir Charles Manners-Sutton
GCB
MP for Scarborough until 1832
MP for Cambridge University after 1832
(1780–1845)
E 2 June[39]
R 3 June[40]

1817
19 February
1835[q]
1817[39]
(1819)[42]
(1820)[43]
(1826)[44]
(1830)[45]
(1831)[46]
1833[47]
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Tory Viscount Canterbury
  James Abercromby
MP for Edinburgh
(1776–1858)
E 19 February[41]
R 20 February[48]

1835
27 May
1839
1835[41]
(1837)[49]
12
13
Whig Baron Dunfermline
  Charles Shaw-Lefevre
MP for North Hampshire
(1794–1888)
E 27 May[50]
R 28 May[51]

1839
30 April
1857
1839[50]
(1841)[52]
(1847)[53]
(1852)[54]
13
14
15
16
Whig Viscount Eversley
  John Evelyn Denison
MP for North Nottinghamshire
(1800–1873)
E 30 April[55]
R 1 May[56]

1857
9 February
1872
(1857)[55]
(1859)[57]
(1866)[58]
(1868)[59]
17
18
19
20
Liberal Viscount Ossington
  Sir Henry Brand
GCB
MP for Cambridgeshire
(1814–1892)
E 9 February[60]
R 12 February[61]

1872
26 February
1884
(1872)[60]
(1874)[62]
(1880)[63]
20
21
22
Liberal Viscount Hampden
  Arthur Peel
MP for Warwick until 1885
MP for Warwick and Leamington after 1885
(1829–1912)
E 26 February[64]
R 27 February[65]

1884
10 April
1895
(1884)[64]
(Jan.1886)[66]
(Aug.1886)[67]
(1892)[68]
22
23
24
25
Liberal Viscount Peel
  William Court Gully
KC
MP for Carlisle
(1835–1909)
E 10 April[69]
R 22 April[70]

1895
8 June
1905
Apr.1895[69]
(Aug.1895)[71]
(1900)[72]
25
26
27
Liberal Viscount Selby
  James Lowther
MP for Penrith until 1918
MP for Penrith and Cockermouth after 1918
(1855–1949)
E 8 June[73]
R 20 June[74]

1905
28 April
1921
(1905)[73]
(1906)[75]
(1910)[76]
(1911)[77]
(1919)[78]
27
28
29
30
31
Conservative Viscount Ullswater
  John Henry Whitley
MP for Halifax
(1866–1935)
E & R[79]
28 April

1921
20 June
1928
(1921)
(1922)[80]
(Jan.1924)[81]
(Dec.1924)
31
32
33
34
Liberal
(Coalition)
[r]
  Edward FitzRoy
DL
MP for Daventry
(1869–1943)
E 20 June[82]
R 21 June[83]

1928
3 March
1943
(1928)[82]
(1929)
(1931)[84]
(1935)[85]
34
35
36
37
Conservative [s]
  Douglas Clifton Brown
MP for Hexham
(1879–1958)
E[86] & R[87]
9 March

1943
31 October
1951
(1943)[86]
(1945)[88]
(1950)[89]
37
38
39
Conservative Viscount Ruffside
  William Morrison
MC QC
MP for Cirencester and Tewkesbury
(1893–1961)
E 31 October[90]
R 1 November[91]

1951
19 September
1959
1951[90]
(1955)[92]
40
41
Conservative Viscount Dunrossil
Sir Harry Hylton-Foster
MP for Cities of London and Westminster
(1905–1965)
E 20 October[93]
R 21 October[94]

1959
2 September
1965
(1959)[93]
(1964)[95]
42
43
Conservative [t]
  Horace King
MP for Southampton Itchen
(1901–1986)
E[96] & R[97]
26 October

1965
12 January
1971
(1965)[96]
(1966)[98]
(1970)[99]
43
44
45
Labour Baron Maybray-King for Life
  Selwyn Lloyd
CH CBE QC DL
MP for Wirral
(1904–1978)
E[100] & R[101]
12 January

1971
3 February
1976
1971[100]
(Mar.1974)[102]
(Oct.1974)[103]
45
46
47
Conservative Baron Selwyn-Lloyd for Life
George Thomas
MP for Cardiff West
(1909–1997)
E[104] & R[105]
3 February

1976
10 June
1983
(1976)[104]
(1979)[106]
47
48
Labour Viscount Tonypandy
Bernard Weatherill
MP for Croydon North East
(1920–2007)
E 15 June[107]
R 16 June[108]

1983
9 April
1992
(1983)[107]
(1987)[109]
49
50
Conservative Baron Weatherill for Life
  Betty Boothroyd
MP for West Bromwich West
(1929–2023)
E 27 April[110]
R 28 April[111]

1992
23 October
2000
1992[110]
(1997)[112]
51
52
Labour Baroness Boothroyd for Life
  Michael Martin
MP for Glasgow Springburn until 2005
MP for Glasgow North East after 2005
(1945–2018)
E[113] & R[114]
23 October

2000
22 June
2009
[u]
2000[113]
(2001)[115]
(2005)[116]
52
53
54
Labour Baron Martin of Springburn for Life
  John Bercow
MP for Buckingham
(born 1963)
E & R
22 June

2009
4 November
2019
2009[117]
(2010)[118]
(2015)[119]
(2017)[120]
54
55
56

57

Conservative
  Sir Lindsay Hoyle[121]
MP for Chorley
(born 1957)
E & R
4 November

2019
Incumbent Nov.2019[122]
(Dec.2019)[123]
57
58
Labour

Notes edit

  1. ^ Smith resigned from the chair to become Chancellor of the Exchequer. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until his death in 1723.
  2. ^ Onslow was the last Speaker to be defeated in his constituency in a general election.
  3. ^ Bromley resigned from the chair to become Secretary of State for the Northern Department. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until his death in 1732.
  4. ^ Hanmer vacated the chair but continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1727.
  5. ^ Compton vacated the chair but continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1728.
  6. ^ Onslow retired on 18 March 1761, receiving the unanimous thanks of the House of Commons.[8]
  7. ^ Onslow, the longest-serving Speaker, retired from the chair and the House of Commons. He seems to have been the last Speaker who survived his term by a significant period without being offered a peerage. His only son was created Baron Cranley in 20 May 1776, inherited the Baron Onslow on 8 October 1776 through Special Remainder.
  8. ^ On 17 January 1770, Cust sent word to the House of Commons that he was too ill to attend.[14] He resigned on 19 January, and died on 24 January.[15]
  9. ^ Cust died five days after his resignation, his son was created The Baron Brownlow in 1776.
  10. ^ Norton was not re-elected as Speaker in 1780, but retained his seat as an MP until 1782.
  11. ^ Cornwall died in office.
  12. ^ Due to the illness of King George III, "the usual formalities of receiving the royal permission to elect a speaker, and the royal approbation of him when elected, could not be observed, and Grenville taking his seat immediately performed all the duties of his office."[22]
  13. ^ Grenville resigned from the chair on 5 June 1789[23] to become Home Secretary. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1790.
  14. ^ Party allegiance at the time of first election as Speaker. The modern convention is for the Speaker to sever connections with his or her former party.[28] From 1935, the Speaker has sought re-election as such, not using a party label.[29] The general convention is that the Speaker is not opposed by major party candidates at general elections.
  15. ^ Addington resigned from the chair on 10 February 1801[30] to become Prime Minister. He continued to serve in the House of Commons until 1805.
  16. ^ Mitford resigned from the chair on 9 February 1802[32] to become the Lord High Chancellor of Ireland.
  17. ^ In 1835 he was defeated for re-election as Speaker,[41] but retained his seat as an MP for a few weeks until he was created a peer. No subsequent Speaker has been defeated or remained in the House of Commons, for more than a few days after leaving the chair.
  18. ^ Whitley declined the customary peerage upon his retirement from the chair and the House of Commons.
  19. ^ Fitzroy died in office. His widow was created The Viscountess Daventry.
  20. ^ Hylton-Foster died in office. His widow was created The Baroness Hylton-Foster for Life.
  21. ^ Martin resigned the speakership in 2009. He was the first Speaker to be forced to leave the chair by public pressure since Sir John Trevor was expelled from the House and the chair in 1695.

References edit

  1. ^ Smith, Henry Stooks (1845). "Elections for Speaker". The Parliaments of England. Vol. 2. p. 205. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
  2. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 589–594
  3. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 744–752
  4. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 918–927
  5. ^ Cobbett, (1810) vol. 6, pp. 1242–1256
  6. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 7, pp. 27, 38–42
  7. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 8, pp. 1, 21–25
  8. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, p. 1013–1015
  9. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 8, pp. 607–608, 629–634
  10. ^ Cobbett, (1811) vol. 9, pp. 615–616, 634–639
  11. ^ Cobbett, (1812) vol. 12, pp. 188–192, 214–221
  12. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 14, pp. 67, 87–94
  13. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 15, pp. 293–294, 322–328
  14. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, p. 733
  15. ^ Barker, G. F. R. (1888). "Cust, John" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  16. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 15, pp. 1072–1073, 1100–1106
  17. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, pp. 424–425, 454–460
  18. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 16, pp. 734–741
  19. ^ Cobbett, (1813) vol. 18, pp. 1–5, 31–33
  20. ^ Cobbett, (1814) vol. 21, pp.768–769, 793–807
  21. ^ Cobbett, (1815) vol. 24, pp. 775, 800–804
  22. ^ Barker, G. F. R. (1890). "Grenville, William Wyndham" . In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  23. ^ Cobbett, (1816) vol. 28, p. 147
  24. ^ Journals of the House of Commons. Vol. 44. 1788. p. 45. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  25. ^ Cobbett, (1816) vol. 28, pp. 148–157
  26. ^ Cobbett, (1816) vol. 28, pp. 876–880
  27. ^ Cobbett, (1818) vol. 32, pp. 1158–1161
  28. ^ "Speakers must be politically impartial. Therefore, on election the new Speaker must resign from their political party and remain separate from political issues even in retirement. However, the Speaker will deal with their constituents' problems like a normal MP." cf [1]
  29. ^ Craig, F.W.S. (1989). British Electoral Facts 1832–1987. Politico's Publishing. ISBN 978-0-900178-30-6.
  30. ^ Cobbett, (1819) vol. 35, pp. 946–947
  31. ^ Cobbett, (1819) vol. 35, pp. 859–864
  32. ^ Cobbett, (1820) vol. 36, pp. 314–315
  33. ^ Cobbett, (1819) vol. 35, pp. 948–955
  34. ^ Cobbett, (1820) vol. 36, pp. 315–321
  35. ^ Cobbett, (1820) vol. 36, pp. 914–919
  36. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 8. House of Commons. 15 December 1806. col. 3–12.
  37. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 9. House of Commons. 22 June 1807. col. 567–74.
  38. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 24. House of Commons. 24 November 1812. col. 2–8.
  39. ^ a b "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 36. House of Commons. 2 June 1817. col. 843–55.
  40. ^ "The New Speaker Approved by the Prince Regent". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 36. House of Lords. 3 June 1817. col. 856–7.
  41. ^ a b c "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 26. House of Commons. 19 February 1835. col. 3–59.
  42. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 39. House of Commons. 14 January 1819. col. 3–15.
  43. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 1. House of Commons. 21 April 1820. col. 2–9.
  44. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 16. House of Commons. 14 November 1826. col. 2–7.
  45. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 1. House of Commons. 26 October 1830. col. 2–5.
  46. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 4. House of Commons. 14 June 1831. col. 73–79.
  47. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 15. House of Commons. 29 January 1833. col. 35–83.
  48. ^ "His Majesty's Approval of the Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 26. House of Lords. 20 February 1835. col. 61–63.
  49. ^ "Opening of Parliament – Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 39. House of Commons. 15 November 1837. col. 3–12.
  50. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 47. House of Commons. 27 May 1839. col. 1034–56.
  51. ^ "Royal Approbation of the Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 47. House of Lords. 28 May 1839. col. 1056–7.
  52. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 59. House of Commons. 19 August 1841. col. 3–11.
  53. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 95. House of Commons. 18 November 1847. col. 3–8.
  54. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 123. House of Commons. 4 November 1852. col. 3–13.
  55. ^ a b "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 145. House of Commons. 30 April 1857. col. 4–11.
  56. ^ "Presented and Approved". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 145. House of Lords. 1 May 1857. col. 12–13.
  57. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 154. House of Commons. 31 May 1859. col. 4–10.
  58. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 181. House of Commons. 1 February 1866. col. 4–17.
  59. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 194. House of Commons. 10 December 1868. col. 4–11.
  60. ^ a b "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 209. House of Commons. 9 February 1872. col. 181–91.
  61. ^ "Presented and Approved". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 209. House of Lords. 12 February 1872. col. 191–2.
  62. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 218. House of Commons. 5 March 1874. col. 5–14.
  63. ^ "Choice of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 252. House of Commons. 29 April 1880. col. 5–14.
  64. ^ a b "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 285. House of Commons. 26 February 1884. col. 17–30.
  65. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 285. House of Lords. 27 February 1884. col. 30–31.
  66. ^ "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 302. House of Commons. 12 January 1886. col. 5–18.
  67. ^ "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 308. House of Commons. 5 August 1886. col. 4–12.
  68. ^ "Election of a Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 7. House of Commons. 4 August 1892. col. 5–16.
  69. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 32. House of Commons. 10 April 1895. col. 1369–96.
  70. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 32. House of Lords. 22 April 1895. col. 1397–8.
  71. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 36. House of Commons. 12 August 1895. col. 4–10.
  72. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 88. House of Commons. 3 December 1900. col. 4–12.
  73. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 147. House of Commons. 8 June 1905. col. 1064–76.
  74. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 147. House of Lords. 20 June 1905. col. 1077–8.
  75. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 152. House of Commons. 13 February 1906. col. 4–12.
  76. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 14. House of Commons. 15 February 1910. col. 1–12.
  77. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 21. House of Commons. 31 January 1911. col. 1–18.
  78. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 112. House of Commons. 4 February 1919. col. 1–16.
  79. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 45. House of Lords. 28 April 1921. col. 76–77.
  80. ^ "Summary of Day". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 159. House of Commons. 20 November 1922. col. 1–12.
  81. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 169. House of Commons. 8 January 1924. col. 1–16.
  82. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 218. House of Commons. 20 June 1928. col. 1719–28.
  83. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 71. House of Lords. 21 June 1928. col. 613–4.
  84. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 259. House of Commons. 3 November 1931. col. 1–12.
  85. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 307. House of Commons. 26 November 1935. col. 1–12.
  86. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 387. House of Commons. 9 March 1943. col. 613–30.
  87. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 126. House of Lords. 9 March 1943. col. 498–9.
  88. ^ "Preamble". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 413. House of Commons. 1 August 1945. col. 1–14.
  89. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 472. House of Commons. 1 March 1950. col. 2–10.
  90. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 493. House of Commons. 31 October 1951. col. 2–24.
  91. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 174. House of Lords. 1 November 1951. col. 3–4.
  92. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 542. House of Commons. 7 June 1955. col. 1–12.
  93. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 612. House of Commons. 20 October 1959. col. 2–18.
  94. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 219. House of Lords. 21 October 1959. col. 7–8.
  95. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 701. House of Commons. 27 October 1964. col. 2–10.
  96. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 718. House of Commons. 26 October 1965. col. 1–17.
  97. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 269. House of Lords. 26 October 1965. col. 549–50.
  98. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 727. House of Commons. 18 April 1966. col. 2–16.
  99. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 803. House of Commons. 29 June 1970. col. 2–14.
  100. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 809. House of Commons. 12 January 1971. col. 1–34.
  101. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 314. House of Lords. 12 January 1971. col. 51–52.
  102. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 870. House of Commons. 6 March 1974. col. 2–16.
  103. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 880. House of Commons. 22 October 1974. col. 2–15.
  104. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 904. House of Commons. 3 February 1976. col. 1151–70.
  105. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 367. House of Lords. 3 February 1976. col. 1256–7.
  106. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 967. House of Commons. 9 May 1979. col. 2–18.
  107. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 44. House of Commons. 15 June 1983. col. 2–16.
  108. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 443. House of Lords. 16 June 1983. col. 3–4.
  109. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 118. House of Commons. 17 June 1987. col. 2–14.
  110. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 207. House of Commons. 27 April 1992. col. 2–26.
  111. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 537. House of Lords. 28 April 1992. col. 3–4.
  112. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 294. House of Commons. 7 May 1997. col. 2–12.
  113. ^ a b "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 355. House of Commons. 23 October 2000. col. 1–106.
  114. ^ "Speaker of the House of Commons". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 618. House of Lords. 23 October 2000. col. 119–20.
  115. ^ "Election of Speaker". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Vol. 370. House of Commons. 13 June 2001. col. 2–10.
  116. ^ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 11 May 2005 (pt 1)". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  117. ^ "Election of Speaker". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  118. ^ "Election of Speaker". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  119. ^ "Election of Speaker". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  120. ^ "Election of Speaker". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  121. ^ "Hoyle re-elected Commons Speaker as MPs return". BBC News. 17 December 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  122. ^ "Election of Speaker". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  123. ^ "Election of Speaker". Hansard. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

Bibliography edit

  • Laundy, Philip (1964). The Office of Speaker. Cassell & Company.
  • Marsden, Philip (1979). The Officers of the Commons 1363–1978. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Butler, David; Butler, Gareth (2000). Twentieth Century Political Facts 1900–2000 (Hardcover ed.). Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-77221-0.
  • Cobbett, Richard. The Parliamentary History of England.
  • Cook, Chris; Keith, Brendan (1975). British Historical Facts 1830–1900. Macmillan Press.
  • Cook, Chris; Stevenson, John (1980). British Historical Facts 1760–1830. Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-21512-5.
  • Venning, Timothy (2005). Compendium of British Office Holders. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-4039-2045-4.