List of Olympic medalists in art competitions

There were 146 medalists in the art competitions that were part of the Olympic Games from 1912 until 1948. These art competitions were considered an integral part of the movement by International Olympic Committee (IOC) founder Pierre de Coubertin and necessary to recapture the complete essence of the Ancient Olympic Games. Their absence before the 1912 Summer Olympics, according to journalism professor Richard Stanton, stems from Coubertin "not wanting to fragment the focus of his new and fragile movement".[1] Art competitions were originally planned for inclusion in the 1908 Summer Olympics but were delayed after that edition's change in venue from Rome to London following the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius.[2] By the 1924 Summer Olympics they had grown to be considered internationally relevant and potentially "a milestone in advancing public awareness of art as a whole".[3]

Photograph of Pierre de Coubertin
Under the pseudonyms Georges Hohrod and Martin Eschbach, IOC founder Pierre de Coubertin won a gold medal in the literature category at the 1912 Summer Olympics.

During their first three appearances, the art competitions were grouped into five broad categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture. The Dutch Organizing Committee for the 1928 Summer Olympics split these into subcategories in the hopes of increasing participation.[4] Although it was a successful strategy, the 1932 Summer Olympics eliminated several of these subcategories, which led to fewer entries in the broader categories.[5] For the 1936 Summer Olympics, the German government proposed the addition of a film contest to the program, which was rejected.[6]

Following a final appearance at the 1948 Summer Olympics, art competitions were removed from the Olympic program. Planners of the 1952 Summer Olympics opposed their inclusion on logistical grounds, claiming that the lack of an international association for the event meant that the entire onus of facilitation was placed on the local organizing committee.[7] Concerns were also raised about the professionalism of the event, since only amateurs were allowed to participate in the sporting tournaments,[8] and the growing commercialization of the competitions, as artists had been permitted to sell their submissions during the course of the Games since 1928. In 1952 an art festival and exhibition was held concurrent with the Games, a tradition that has been maintained in all subsequent Summer Olympics.[9]

The IOC does not track medalists in Olympic art competitions in its database and thus the prize winners are only officially recorded in the original Olympic reports. Judges were not required to distribute first, second, and third place awards for every category, and thus certain events lack medalists in these placements. Since participants were allowed multiple submissions, it was also possible for artists to win more than one in a single event, as Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland did in the graphic arts category of the 1948 edition.[10] Diggelmann is tied with Denmark's Josef Petersen, who won second prize three times in literature, for the number of medals captured in the art competitions. Luxembourg's Jean Jacoby is the only individual to win two gold medals, doing so in painting in 1924 and 1928. Of the 146 medalists, 11 were women and only Finnish author Aale Tynni was awarded gold. Germany was the most successful nation, with eight gold, seven silver, and nine bronze medals,[11] although one was won by Coubertin himself, a Frenchman. He submitted his poem Ode to Sport under the pseudonyms Georges Hohrod and Martin Eschbach, as if it were a joint-entry, and won first prize in the 1912 literature category. The original report credits this medal to Germany.[12] Two individuals, Walter W. Winans[13] and Alfréd Hajós, won medals in both athletic and art competitions.[14]

Architecture edit

Mixed architecture edit

 
Alfréd Hajós was one of two individuals to win medals in sport and art competitions.
Olympic medalists in mixed architecture
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm   Eugène-Edouard Monod & Alphonse Laverrière (SUI)
Building-plan of a modern Stadium
none awarded none awarded
1920 Antwerp none awarded   Holger Sinding-Larsen (NOR)
Project pour une Ecole de Gymnastique
none awarded
1924 Paris none awarded   Alfréd Hajós & Dezső Lauber (HUN)
Plan d'un Stade
  Julien Médecin (MON)
Stade pour Monte-Carlo

Mixed architecture, architectural designs edit

 
Jan Wils, 1928 gold medalist in architectural designs
Olympic medalists in mixed architecture, architectural designs
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Jan Wils (NED)
Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam
  Ejnar Mindedal Rasmussen (DEN)
Swimming pool at Ollerup
  Jacques Lambert (FRA)
Stadium at Versailles
1932 Los Angeles   Gustave Saacké, Pierre Bailly, & Pierre Montenot (FRA)
Design for a "Cirque pour Toros"
  John Russell Pope (USA)
Design for the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, New Haven, Conn.
  Richard Konwiarz (GER)
Design for a "Schlesierkampfbahn" in the Sport Park of Breslau
1936 Berlin   Hermann Kutschera (AUT)
Skiing Stadium
  Werner March[note 1] (GER)
Reich Sport Field
  Hermann Stiegholzer & Herbert Kastinger (AUT)
Sporting Center in Vienna
1948 London   Adolf Hoch (AUT)
Skisprungschanze auf dem Kobenzl
  Alfred Rinesch (AUT)
Watersports Centre in Carinthia
  Nils Olsson (SWE)
Baths and Sporting Hall for Gothenburg

Town planning edit

 
Charles Downing Lay, 1936 silver medalist in designs for municipal planning
Olympic medalists in town planning
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Alfred Hensel (GER)
Stadium at Nuremberg
  Jacques Lambert (FRA)
Stadium at Versailles
  Max Laeuger (GER)
Municipal park at Hamburg
1932 Los Angeles   John Hughes (GBR)
Design for a Sports and Recreation Center with Stadium, for the City of Liverpool
  Jens Klemmensen (DEN)
Design for a Stadium and Public Park
  André Verbeke (BEL)
Design for a "Maraton Park"
1936 Berlin[15]   Werner March & Walter March (GER)
Reich Sport Field
  Charles Downing Lay (USA)
Marine Park, Brooklyn
  Theo Nussbaum (GER)
Municipal Planning and Sporting Centre in Cologne
1948 London   Yrjö Lindegren (FIN)
The Centre of Athletics in Varkaus, Finland.
  Werner Schindler & Edy Knupfer (SUI)
Swiss Federal Sports and Gymnastics Training Centre
  Ilmari Niemeläinen (FIN)
The Athletic Centre in Kemi, Finland.

Literature edit

Mixed literature edit

 
Oliver St. John Gogarty, 1924 bronze medalist in literature
 
Kazimierz Wierzyński, 1928 gold medalist in lyric and speculative works
Olympic medalists in mixed literature
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm   Georges Hohrod & Martin Eschbath (GER)
Ode to sport
none awarded none awarded
1920 Antwerp   Raniero Nicolai (ITA)
Canzoni Olimpioniche
  Theodore Andrea Cook (GBR)
Olympic Games of Antwerp
  Maurice Bladel (BEL)
La Louange des Dieux
1924 Paris   Géo-Charles (FRA)
Jeux Olympiques
  Margaret Stuart (GBR)
Sword Songs
  Charles Gonnet (FRA)
Vers le Dieu d’Olympie
  Josef Petersen (DEN)
Euryale
  Oliver St. John Gogarty (IRL)
Ode pour les Jeux de Tailteann
1932 Los Angeles   Paul Bauer (GER)
Am Kangehenzonga
  Josef Petersen (DEN)
The Argonauts
none awarded

Dramatic works edit

Olympic medalists in dramatic works
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam none awarded   Lauro De Bosis (ITA)
Icaro
none awarded

Epic works edit

Olympic medalists in epic works
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Ferenc Mező (HUN)
L’histoire des Jeux Olympiques
  Ernst Weiss (GER)
Boetius von Orlamünde
  Carel Scharten & Margo Scharten-Antink (NED)
De Nar uit de Maremmen
1936 Berlin   Urho Karhumäki (FIN)
Avoveteen
  Wilhelm Ehmer (GER)
For the Top of the World
  Jan Parandowski (POL)
Dysk Olimijski
1948 London   Giani Stuparich (ITA)
La Grotta
  Josef Petersen (DEN)
The Olympic Champion
  Éva Földes (HUN)
The Well of Youth

Lyric and speculative works edit

Olympic medalists in lyric and speculative works
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Kazimierz Wierzyński (POL)
Laur Olimpijski
  Rudolf G. Binding (GER)
Reitvorschrift fur eine Geliebte
  Johannes Weltzer (DEN)
Symphonia Heroïca
1936 Berlin[16]   Felix Dhünen-Sondinger (GER)
The Runner
  Bruno Fattori (ITA)
Profili Azzuri
  Hans Stoiber (AUT)
The Discus
1948 London[17]   Aale Tynni (FIN)
Laurel of Hellas
  Ernst van Heerden (RSA)
Six Poems
  Gilbert Prouteau (FRA)
Rythme du Stade

Music edit

Mixed music edit

 
Josef Suk, 1932 silver medalist in music
Olympic medalists in mixed music
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm   Riccardo Barthelemy (ITA)
Triumphal March
none awarded none awarded
1920 Antwerp   Georges Monier (BEL)
Olympique
  Oreste Riva (ITA)
Epinicion
none awarded
1932 Los Angeles none awarded   Josef Suk (TCH)
Into a New Life
none awarded

Compositions for orchestra edit

Olympic medalists in compositions for orchestra
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam none awarded none awarded   Rudolph Simonsen (DEN)
Symphony No. 2 "Hellas"
1936 Berlin   Werner Egk (GER)
Olympic Festive Music
  Lino Liviabella (ITA)
The Victor
  Jaroslav Křička (TCH)
Mountain Suite
1948 London[18]   Zbigniew Turski (POL)
Olympic Symphony
  Kalervo Tuukkanen (FIN)
Karhunpyynti
  Erling Brene (DEN)
Viguer

Solo and chorus compositions edit

 
Kurt Thomas, 1936 silver medalist in solo and chorus compositions
Olympic medalists in solo and chorus compositions
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1936 Berlin   Paul Höffer (GER)
Olympic Vow
  Kurt Thomas (GER)
Olympic Cantata, 1936
  Harald Genzmer (GER)
The Runner

Instrumental and chamber edit

Olympic medalists in the instrumental and chamber event
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1948 London none awarded   Jean Weinzweig (CAN)
Divertimenti for Solo Flute and Strings
  Sergio Lauricella (ITA)
Toccata per Pianoforte

Vocal edit

Olympic medalists in the vocal event
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1948 London none awarded none awarded   Gabriele Bianchi (ITA)
Inno Olimpionico

Painting edit

Mixed painting edit

 
Jack Butler Yeats, 1924 silver medalist in painting
Olympic medalists in mixed painting
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm   Carlo Pellegrini (ITA)
Winter Sports
none awarded none awarded
1920 Antwerp none awarded   Henriette Brossin de Mère-de Polanska (FRA)
L'Elan
  Alfred Ost (BEL)
Joueur de Football
1924 Paris   Jean Jacoby (LUX)
Etude de Sport
  Jack Butler Yeats (IRL)
Natation
  Johan van Hell (NED)
Patineurs

Drawings and water colors edit

 
Rugby by Jean Jacoby, the winning entry in the 1928 drawings category
Olympic medalists in drawing and water colors
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam[19]   Jean Jacoby (LUX)
Rugby
  Alex Virot (FRA)
Gestes de Football
  Władysław Skoczylas (POL)
Posters
1932 Los Angeles   Lee Blair (USA)
Rodeo
  Percy Crosby (USA)
Jackknife
  Gerhard Westermann (NED)
Horseman
1936 Berlin none awarded   Romano Dazzi (ITA)
Four Sketches for Frescoes
  Sujaku Suzuki (JPN)
Classical Horse Racing in Japan

Engravings and etchings edit

Olympic medalists in engravings and etchings
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1948 London   Albert Decaris (FRA)
Swimming Pool
  John Copley (GBR)
Polo Players
  Walter Battiss (RSA)
Seaside Sport

Graphic works edit

 
William Nicholson, 1928 gold medalist in graphic works
Olympic medalists in graphic works
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   William Nicholson (GBR)
Un Almanach de douze Sports
  Carl Moos (SUI)
Posters
  Max Feldbauer (GER)
Mailcoach
1932 Los Angeles[20]   Joseph Golinkin (USA)
Leg Scissors
  Janina Konarska (POL)
Stadium
  Joachim Karsch (GER)
Stabwechsel
1936 Berlin[21]   Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
Arosa I Placard
  Alfred Hierl (GER)
International Automobile Race on the Avis
  Stanisław Ostoja-Chrostowski (POL)
Yachting Club Certificate
1948 London[22] none awarded   Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
World Championship for Cycling Poster
  Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
World Championship for Ice Hockey Poster

Paintings edit

 
David Wallin, 1932 gold medalist in painting
Olympic medalists in paintings
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Isaac Israëls (NED)
Cavalier Rouge
  Laura Knight (GBR)
Boxeurs
  Walther Klemm (GER)
Patinage
1932 Los Angeles   David Wallin (SWE)
At the Seaside of Arild
  Ruth Miller (USA)
Struggle
none awarded
1936 Berlin none awarded   Rudolf Eisenmenger (AUT)
Runner at the Finishing Line
  Ryuji Fujita (JPN)
Ice Hockey
1948 London   Alfred Thomson (GBR)
London Amateur Championships
  Giovanni Stradone (ITA)
Le Pistard
  Letitia Marion Hamilton (IRL)
Meath Hunt Point-to-Point Races

Sculpturing edit

Mixed sculpturing edit

 
Walter W. Winans was one of two individuals to win medals in sport and art competitions.
 
Frederick William MacMonnies, 1932 silver medalist in medals and reliefs
 
Mahonri Young, 1932 gold medalist in statues
Olympic medalists in mixed sculpturing
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1912 Stockholm   Walter W. Winans (USA)
An American trotter
  Georges Dubois (FRA)
Model of the entrance to a modern Stadium
none awarded
1920 Antwerp   Albéric Collin (BEL)
La Force
  Simon Goossens (BEL)
Les Patineurs
  Alphons De Cuyper (BEL)
Lanceur de Poids et Coureur
1924 Paris   Konstantinos Dimitriadis (GRE)
Discobole Finlandais
  Frantz Heldenstein (LUX)
Vers l'olympiade
  Jean René Gauguin (DEN)
Le Boxeur
  Claude-Léon Mascaux (FRA)
Cadre de Medailles

Medals edit

Olympic medalists in medals
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1936 Berlin none awarded   Luciano Mercante (ITA)
Medals
  Josue Dupon (BEL)
Equestrian Medals

Medals and plaques edit

Olympic medalists in medals and plaques
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1948 London none awarded   Oskar Thiede (AUT)
Eight Sports Plaques
  Edwin Grienauer (AUT)
Prize Rowing Trophy

Reliefs and medallions edit

Olympic medalists in reliefs and medallions
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Edwin Grienauer (AUT)
Médailles
  Chris van der Hoef (NED)
Médaille pour les Jeux Olympiques
  Edwin Scharff (GER)
Plaquette
1932 Los Angeles[23]   Józef Klukowski (POL)
Sport Sculpture II
  Frederick William MacMonnies (USA)
Lindbergh Medal
  R. Tait McKenzie (CAN)
Shield of the Athletes

Reliefs edit

Olympic medalists in reliefs
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1936 Berlin   Emil Sutor (GER)
Hurdlers
  Józef Klukowski (POL)
Ball
none awarded
1948 London none awarded none awarded   Rosamund Fletcher (GBR)
The End of the Covert

Statues edit

Olympic medalists in statues
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam   Paul Landowski (FRA)
Boxer
  Milo Martin (SUI)
Athlète au repos
  Renée Sintenis (GER)
Footballeur
1932 Los Angeles   Mahonri Young (USA)
The Knockdown
  Miltiades Manno (HUN)
Wrestling
  Jakub Obrovský (TCH)
Odysseus
1936 Berlin   Farpi Vignoli (ITA)
Sulky Driver
  Arno Breker (GER)
Decathlon Athlete
  Stig Blomberg (SWE)
Wrestling Youths
1948 London   Gustaf Nordahl (SWE)
Homage to Ling
  Chintamoni Kar (GBR)
The Stag
  Hubert Yencesse (FRA)
Nageuse

Statistics edit

Multiple medalists edit

Multiple medalists in Olympic art competitions
Athlete Nation Olympics Gold Silver Bronze Total
Alex Diggelmann   Switzerland (SUI) 1936–1948 1 1 1 3
Josef Petersen   Denmark (DEN) 1924, 1932, 1948 0 3 0 3
Jean Jacoby   Luxembourg (LUX) 1924–1936 2 0 0 2
Józef Klukowski   Poland (POL) 1932–1936 1 1 0 2
Werner March   Germany (GER) 1928–1936 1 1 0 2
Edwin Grienauer   Austria (AUT) 1928, 1948 1 0 1 2
Jacques Lambert   France (FRA) 1928 0 1 1 2

Medals per year edit

Medals won by country by year
Nation 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 Total
  Austria (AUT) 1 4 4 9
  Belgium (BEL) 6 1 1 8
  Canada (CAN) 1 1 2
  Denmark (DEN) 2 3 2 2 9
  Finland (FIN) 1 4 5
  France (FRA) 1 1 3 2 3 3 13
  Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 2 1 4 9
  Germany (GER) 1 8 3 12 24
  Greece (GRE) 1 1
  Hungary (HUN) 1 1 1 1 4
  Ireland (IRL) 2 1 3
  Italy (ITA) 2 2 1 5 4 14
  Japan (JPN) 2 2
  Luxembourg (LUX) 2 1 3
  Monaco (MON) 1 1
  Netherlands (NED) 1 4 1 6
  Norway (NOR) 1 1
  Poland (POL) 2 2 3 1 8
  South Africa (RSA) 2 2
  Switzerland (SUI) 1 2 1 3 7
  Sweden (SWE) 1 1 2 4
  Czechoslovakia (TCH) 2 1 3
  United States (USA) 1 7 1 9

References edit

General edit

  • "The Official Report of the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912" (PDF). Stockholm: Swedish Olympic Committee. 1913: 808–809. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-02-07. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "Olympic Games: Antwerp 1920: Official Report" (PDF) (in French). Brussels: Belgian Olympic Committee. 1957: 80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-07. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "Les Jeux de la VIIIE Olympiade" (PDF) (in French). Paris: Comite Olympique Francais. 1924: 605–612. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-25. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1928 Celebrated at Amsterdam" (PDF). Amsterdam: Netherlands Olympic Committee. 1928: 892–901. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932" (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles. 1933: 756–765. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-19. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1119–1123. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-30. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 535–537. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Specific edit

  1. ^ Stanton, Richard (2000). The Forgotten Olympic Art Competitions (1st ed.). Victoria: Trafford Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 1552126064.
  2. ^ Stanton, p. 18.
  3. ^ Stanton, p. 69.
  4. ^ Stanton, p. 95.
  5. ^ Stanton, p. 146.
  6. ^ Stanton, p. 158.
  7. ^ Stanton, p. 210.
  8. ^ Stanton, p. 211.
  9. ^ Stanton, p. 213.
  10. ^ "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 536. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-03-06. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Art Competitions". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-14. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  12. ^ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Pierre, Baron de Coubertin Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  13. ^ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Walter Winans Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
  14. ^ Gjerde, Arild; Jeroen Heijmans; Bill Mallon; Hilary Evans (2011). "Alfréd Hajós Biography and Olympic Results". Olympics. Sports Reference.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-01. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
  15. ^ In 1936, this event was listed as "Designs for Municipal Planning". "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ In 1936, this event was listed as "Lyric Works". "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1122. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  17. ^ In 1948, this event was listed as "Lyrics". "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 536. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-12. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ In 1948, this event was listed as "Choral and Orchestra". "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 537. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-12. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. ^ In 1928, this event was listed as "Drawings". "Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1928 Celebrated at Amsterdam" (PDF). Amsterdam: Netherlands Olympic Committee. 1928: 898. Retrieved 2017-05-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ^ In 1932, this event was listed as "Prints"."The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932" (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles. 1933: 758. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  21. ^ In 1936, this event was listed as "Commercial Graphic Art". "The XIth Olympic Games Berlin, 1936: Official Report Volume II" (PDF). Berlin: Organisationskomitee Fur Die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. 1937: 1122. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ In 1948, this event was listed as "Applied Art and Crafts". "The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad London 1948" (PDF). London: The Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. 1951: 535–537. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-12. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. ^ In 1932, this event was listed as "Medals and Reliefs". "The Games of the Xth Olympiad Los Angeles 1932" (PDF). Los Angeles: Xth Olympiade Committee of the Games of Los Angeles. 1933: 758. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2017-05-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Notes edit

  1. ^ Data provided by Bill Mallon to Sports Reference.com lists Walter March as a co-medalist.