List of governors general of Canada
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
The following is a list of the governors and governors general of Canada. Though the present-day office of the Governor General of Canada is legislatively covered under the Constitution Act, 1867, and legally constituted by the Letters Patent, 1947, the institution is, along with the institution of the Crown it represents, the oldest continuous and uniquely Canadian institution in Canada, having existed in an unbroken line since the appointment of Samuel de Champlain in 1627.[1]
Contents
- 1 Viceroys of Canada, 1541–1627
- 2 Governors of New France, 1627–1663
- 3 Governors General of New France, 1663–1760
- 4 Governors of the Province of Quebec, 1760–1786
- 5 Governors-in-Chief/Governors General of the Canadas, 1786–1841
- 6 Governors-general of the Province of Canada, 1841–1867
- 7 Governors-general of Canada, 1867–present
- 8 Living former governors-general of Canada
- 9 Administrators
- 10 See also
- 11 Notes
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Viceroys of Canada, 1541–1627Edit
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2014) |
Viceroys representing the monarchs of France | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Image | Viceroy from | Viceroy until |
Under Francis I (1541–1547) | ||||
1 | Jean-François de la Roque de Roberval[2][3] | 1541 | 1543 | |
Under Henry III (1574–1589) | ||||
2 | Troillus des Mesgoüets[2][4] | 1578 | ? | |
Under Henry IV (1589–1610) | ||||
↓ | Troillus des Mesgoüets (continued) |
1598 | ? | |
3 | Aymar de Chaste[citation needed] | 1602 | 1603 | |
Under Louis XIII (1610–1627) | ||||
4 | Henri, Prince of Condé[5] | 1614 | 1619 | |
5 | Henri II de Montmorency[6] | 1619 | 1625 | |
6 | Henri de Lévis de Ventadour[7] | 1625 | 1627 |
Governors of New France, 1627–1663Edit
Governors representing the monarchs of France | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
Under Louis XIII (1627–1643) | ||||
1 | Samuel de Champlain (1574–1635) |
1627 | 1635 | |
2 | Charles de Montmagny (c. 1599–1654) |
1635 | → | |
Under Louis XIV (1643–1663) | ||||
↓ | Charles de Montmagny (continued) |
← | 1648 | |
3 | Louis d'Ailleboust de Coulonge (c. 1612–1660) |
1648 | 1651 | |
4 | Jean de Lauson (1584–1666) |
1651 | 1657 | |
5 | Pierre de Voyer d'Argenson (c. 1599–1654) |
1658 | 1661 | |
6 | Pierre Dubois Davaugour (1625–1709) |
1661 | 1663 |
Governors General of New France, 1663–1760Edit
Governors general representing the monarchs of France | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
Under Louis XIV (1663–1715) | ||||
7 | Augustin de Saffray de Mésy (1598–1665) |
1663 | 1665 | |
8 | Daniel de Rémy de Courcelle (1626–1698) |
1665 | 1672 | |
9 | Louis de Buade de Frontenac (1622–1698) (first time) |
1672 | 1682 | |
10 | Joseph-Antoine de La Barre (1622–1688) |
1682 | 1685 | |
11 | Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville (1637–1710) |
1685 | 1689 | |
9 | Louis de Buade de Frontenac (1622–1698; second appointment) |
1689 | 1698 | |
12 | Louis-Hector de Callière (1648–1703) |
1698 | 1703 | |
13 | Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil (c. 1643–1725) |
1703 | → | |
Under Louis XV (1715–1760) | ||||
↓ | Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil (continued) |
← | 1725 | |
14 | Charles de la Boische (1671–1749) |
1725 | 1747 | |
15 | Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière (1693–1756) |
1747 | 1749 | |
16 | Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière (1685–1752) |
1749 | 1752 | |
17 | Michel-Ange Duquesne de Menneville (c. 1700–1778) |
1752 | 1755 | |
18 | Pierre de Rigaud (1698–1778) |
1755 | 1760 |
Governors of the Province of Quebec, 1760–1786Edit
Governors representing the monarchs of Great Britain | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
Under George III (1760–1786) | ||||
19 | Jeffery Amherst (1717–1797) |
1760 | 1763 | |
20 | James Murray (1721–1794) |
1764 | 1768 | |
21 | Guy Carleton KB (1724–1808) |
1768 | 1778 | |
22 | Frederick Haldimand KB (1718–1791) |
1778 | 1786 |
Governors-in-Chief/Governors General of the Canadas, 1786–1841Edit
Governors representing the monarchs of Great Britain | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
Under George III (1786–1820) | ||||
23 | The Lord Dorchester KB (1724–1808) |
1786 | 1796 | |
24 | Robert Prescott (c. 1726–1815) |
1796 | 1799 | |
25 | Robert Milnes (1754–1837) |
1799 | → | |
Governors representing the monarchs of the United Kingdom | ||||
↓ | Robert Milnes (continued) |
← | 1805 | |
26 | Thomas Dunn (1729–1818) |
1805 | 1807 | |
27 | James Henry Craig KB (1748–1812) |
1807 | 1811 | |
28 | George Prévost Bt (1767–1816) |
1811 | 1815 | |
29 | Gordon Drummond (1767–1816) |
1815 | 1816 | |
30 | John Coape Sherbrooke (1764–1830) |
1816 | 1818 | |
31 | Charles Lennox KG PC (1764–1865) |
1818 | 1819 | |
Under George IV (1820–1830) | ||||
32 | George Ramsay GCB (1770–1838) |
1820 | 1828 | |
33 | James Kempt GCB (c. 1765–1854) |
1828 | 1830 | |
Under William IV (1830–1837) | ||||
34 | Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer (1775–1850) |
1830 | 1835 | |
35 | Archibald Acheson GCB (1776–1849) |
1835 | 1837 | |
Under Victoria (1837–1841) | ||||
36 | John Colborne GCB GCMG GCH AdC(P) (1778–1863) |
1837 | 1838 | |
37 | John Lambton (1792–1840) |
1838 | 1839 | |
38 | Charles Poulett Thomson PC (1799–1841) |
1839 | 1841 |
Governors-general of the Province of Canada, 1841–1867Edit
Governors general representing the monarchs of the United Kingdom | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until |
Under Victoria (1841–1867) | ||||
↓ | Charles Poulett Thomson (continued) |
1841 | ||
39 | Charles Bagot (1781–1843) |
1842 | 1843 | |
40 | Charles Metcalfe Bt PC (1785–1844) |
1843 | 1845 | |
41 | Charles Cathcart GCB (1783–1859) |
1846 | 1847 | |
42 | James Bruce PC GCB (1811–1863) |
1847 | 1854 | |
43 | Edmund Walker Head Bt KCB (1805–1868) |
1854 | 1861 | |
44 | Charles Monck PC GCMG (1819–1894) |
1861 | 1867 |
Governors-general of Canada, 1867–presentEdit
Governors general representing the monarchs of the United Kingdom | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | # | Name | Image | Governor from | Governor until | Prime Minister | |
Under Victoria (1867–1901) | |||||||
↓ | 1 | Charles Monck (continued) |
1 July 1867 | 14 November 1868 | Macdonald | ||
45 | 2 | John Young GCMG GCB PC (1807–1876) |
2 February 1869 | 25 June 1872 | Macdonald | ||
46 | 3 | Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood KP GCB GCMG PC (1826–1902) |
25 June 1872 | 25 November 1878 | Macdonald Mackenzie Macdonald | ||
47 | 4 | John Campbell KG KT GCMG GCVO PC (1845–1914) |
25 November 1878 | 23 October 1883 | Macdonald | ||
48 | 5 | Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice KG GCMG PC (1845–1927) |
23 October 1883 | 11 June 1888 | Macdonald | ||
49 | 6 | Frederick Stanley KG GCB GCVO PC (1841–1908) |
11 June 1888 | 18 September 1893 | Macdonald Abbott Thompson | ||
50 | 7 | John Hamilton-Gordon KT GCMG GCVO PC (1847–1934) |
18 September 1893 | 12 November 1898 | Thompson Bowell Tupper Laurier | ||
51 | 8 | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound KG GCMG PC (1845–1914) |
12 November 1898 | → | Laurier | ||
Under Edward VII (1901–1910) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound (continued) |
← | 10 December 1904 | Laurier | ||
52 | 9 | Albert Grey GCMG GCVO PC (1851–1917) |
10 December 1904 | → | Laurier | ||
Under George V (1910–1931) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | Albert Grey (continued) |
← | 13 October 1911 | Laurier Borden | ||
53 | 10 | Prince Arthur KG KT KP GCB GCSI GCMG GCIE GCVO GBE TD PC ADC(P) (1850–1942) |
13 October 1911 | 11 November 1916 | Borden | ||
54 | 11 | Victor Cavendish KG GCMG GCVO PC JP (1868–1938) |
11 November 1916 | 11 August 1921 | Borden Meighen | ||
55 | 12 | Julian Byng GCB GCMG MVO (1862–1935) |
11 August 1921 | 2 October 1926 | Meighen King Meighen King | ||
56 | 13 | Freeman Freeman-Thomas GCSI GCMG GCIE GBE PC (1866–1941) |
2 October 1926 | 4 April 1931 | King Bennett | ||
57 | 14 | Vere Ponsonby GCMG PC (1880–1956) |
4 April 1931 | → | Bennett | ||
Governors general representing the monarchs of Canada | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | Vere Ponsonby (continued) |
← | 2 November 1935 | Bennett King | ||
58 | 15 | John Buchan GCMG GCVO CH PC (1875–1940) |
2 November 1935 | → | King | ||
Under Edward VIII (1936) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | John Buchan (continued) |
← | → | King | ||
Under George VI (1936–1952) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | John Buchan (continued) |
← | 11 February 1940 | King | ||
59 | 16 | Alexander Cambridge KG GCB GCMG GCVO DSO PC ADC(P) FRS (1874–1957) |
21 June 1940 | 12 April 1946 | King | ||
60 | 17 | Harold Alexander KG GCB OM GCMG CSI DSO MC CD PC PC (1891–1969) |
12 April 1946 | → | King St. Laurent | ||
Under Elizabeth II (1952–present) | |||||||
↓ | ↓ | Harold Alexander (continued) |
← | 28 February 1952 | St. Laurent | ||
61 | 18 | Vincent Massey PC CH CD FRSC(hon) (1887–1967) |
28 February 1952 | 15 September 1959 | St. Laurent Diefenbaker | ||
62 | 19 | Georges Vanier PC DSO MC* CD (1888–1967) |
15 September 1959 | 5 March 1967 | Diefenbaker Pearson | ||
63 | 20 | Roland Michener PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC (1900–1991) |
17 April 1967 | 14 January 1974 | Pearson P. E. Trudeau | ||
64 | 21 | Jules Léger CC CMM CD (1913–1980) |
14 January 1974 | 22 January 1979 | P. E. Trudeau | ||
65† [a] |
22 | Edward Schreyer CC CMM CD (b. 1935) |
22 January 1979 | 14 May 1984 | P. E. Trudeau Clark P. E. Trudeau | ||
66 | 23 | Jeanne Sauvé PC CC CMM CD (1922–1993) |
14 May 1984 | 29 January 1990 | P. E. Trudeau Turner Mulroney | ||
67 | 24 | Ray Hnatyshyn PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC(hon) (1934–2002) |
29 January 1990 | 8 February 1995 | Mulroney Campbell Chrétien | ||
68 | 25 | Roméo LeBlanc PC CC CMM CD (1928–2009) |
8 February 1995 | 7 October 1999 | Chrétien | ||
69† | 26 | Adrienne Clarkson PC CC CMM COM CD FRSC(hon) FRAIC(hon) FRCPSC(hon) (b. 1939) |
7 October 1999 | 27 September 2005 | Chrétien Martin | ||
70† | 27 | Michaëlle Jean PC CC CMM COM CD FRCPSC(hon) (b. 1957) |
27 September 2005 | 1 October 2010 | Martin Harper | ||
71† | 28 | David Johnston CC CMM COM CD FRSC(hon) FRCPSC(hon) (b. 1941) |
1 October 2010 | 2 October 2017[8] | Harper J. Trudeau | ||
72 | 29 | Julie Payette CC CMM COM OQ (b. 1963) |
2 October 2017[8] | Incumbent | J. Trudeau | ||
|
Living former governors-general of CanadaEdit
As of October 2019[update], there are four living former governors-general of Canada. The most recently deceased governor-general, Roméo LeBlanc (1995–1999), died on 24 June 2009.
Name | Term of office | Date of birth |
---|---|---|
Edward Schreyer | 1979–1984 | 21 December 1935 |
Adrienne Clarkson | 1999–2005 | 10 February 1939 |
Michaëlle Jean | 2005–2010 | 6 September 1957 |
David Johnston | 2010–2017 | 28 June 1941 |
AdministratorsEdit
The following is a list of Administrators of the Government (and Justices of the Supreme Court of Canada), who were acting governors appointed as the result of the death or prolonged absence of the sitting viceroy, or for any other reason:
# | Name | Image | Date | Reason |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sir Lyman Poore Duff Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada |
1931 | Served between the departure of the Earl of Bessborough for India and the arrival of the Lord Tweedsmuir. | |
1 | Sir Lyman Poore Duff Chief Justice of Canada |
1940 | Served following the death of the Lord Tweedsmuir and the arrival of Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone | |
2 | Thibaudeau Rinfret Chief Justice of Canada |
1952 | Served after the appointment of the Earl Alexander of Tunis to the British Cabinet until the appointment of Vincent Massey as his successor. | |
3 | Robert Taschereau Chief Justice of Canada |
1967 | Served following the death of Georges Vanier and appointment of Roland Michener as his successor. | |
4 | Beverley McLachlin Chief Justice of Canada |
2005 | Served for several weeks in July, while Adrienne Clarkson was hospitalized for heart surgery. | |
5 | John C. Major Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada |
2005 | Served on behalf of Adrienne Clarkson, from the morning of 27 September until the installation of Michaëlle Jean the same day.[9] |
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Department of Canadian Heritage (2015). A Crown of Maples: Constitutional Monarchy in Canada (PDF). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-100-20079-8.
- ^ a b Senate of Canada. "Canada: A Constitutional Monarchy". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ La Roque de Roquebrune, R. (1979) [1966]. "La Rocque de Roberval, Jean-François de". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ Government of Canada. "The Kings and Queens of Canada: The Crown in Canadian History > Henri III (1551–1589)". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ^ Wrong, George M. (2009), Langton, H. H. (ed.), The Chronicles of Canada, II: The Rise of New France, Fireship Press, pp. 33–35, ISBN 9781934757451, retrieved 18 September 2015
- ^ Wrong 2009, p. 35
- ^ Wrong 2009, p. 51
- ^ a b "Incoming Governor General Julie Payette drops attempt to seal U.S. court records". ctvnews.ca. 21 August 2017.
- ^ Fidelis (2005). "The Installation of the Governor General in 2005: Innovation and Evolution?" (PDF). Canadian Monarchist News. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Fall-Winter 2005 (24): 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2009.