The dikume (Konia dikume) is a critically endangered species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo in western Cameroon.
| Dikume | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Genus: | Konia |
| Species: | K. dikume
|
| Binomial name | |
| Konia dikume | |
Description edit
The dikume is a silvery coloured fish with faint vertical barring. It grow to a maximum length of 11.2 cm. The most distinguishing feature of this species is that when freshly caught the capillaries swell with blood, particularly at the base of the fins, and oozes out to stain the fishes otherwise silvery skin.[2]
Distribution and habitat edit
It is endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo, a volcanic crater lake with a diameter of just 3 miles in western Cameroon[3] where only the top 40 metres contains enough dissolved oxygen to sustain vertebrate life.[4]
Habits edit
The dikume is an invertebrate feeder which specialises in feeding on the larvae of the mosquito Chaoborus spp. To reach this food source the dikumbe must spend time in water that is so deep that it is deoxygenated, the high levels of hemoglobin in its blood are an adaptation that allow it to store oxygen so that it can visit the deeper, deoxygenated parts of the lake.[5] Like the other cichlids endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo the dikume is a mouthbrooder.[4]
Threats edit
It is threatened because of pollution and sedimentation due to human activities. It is potentially also threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake's bottom (compare Lake Nyos),[1] although studies indicate that Barombo Mbo lacks excess amounts of this gas.[6] As well as water abstraction to supply the growing town of Kumba and the introduction of non-native species.[3] However, at the moment, there are no introduced fish species on Lake Barombi Mbo and commercial fishing is banned.[1]
Taxonomy edit
Lake Barombi Mbo is home to a "species flock" of cichlids with fourteen species, of which twelve are endemic. They all appear to be descended from a common tilapia-like ancestor and the dikume is one of the more specialised of them.[5]
References edit
- ^ a b c Moelants, T. (2010). "Konia dikume". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T11054A3248087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T11054A3248087.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Konia dikume Trewavas, 1972". fishbase.org. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ^ a b "Stomatepia pindu". Seriously Fish. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ^ a b "Insight on Barombi Mbo, Cameroon". Cichlid-forum.com. 24 December 2009. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
- ^ a b Michele L. Thieme; Robin Abell; Neil Burgess; Bernhard Lehner; Eric Dinerstein; David Olson (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment Ecoregions Assessments. Island Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1597267915.
- ^ Freeth, S.J.; C.O. Ofoegbu; and K.M. Onuoha (1992). Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa, pp. 50—51. ISBN 978-3-663-05239-5