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KP Sharma Oli

(Redirected from Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli)

Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (Nepali: खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली, pronounced [ˈkʰʌɽɡʌprʌsad̪ ˈoli]; born 22 February 1952) is a Nepali Communist politician, former Prime Minister of Nepal. He has served two terms as prime minister, from 11 October 2015 to 3 August 2016,[4][5][6] and from 15 February 2018 to 13 July 2021 as the first prime minister to be appointed following the first general election under the new constitution.[7][8][9][10]

Honourable
K.P Sharma Oli
MP
के.पी. शर्मा ओली
Official portrait, 2019
Leader of the Opposition
In office
27 February 2023 – 4 March 2024
President
Ram Chandra Paudel

Bidya Devi Bhandari

Prime MinisterPushpa Kamal Dahal
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
13 July 2021 – 26 December 2022
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Prime MinisterSher Bahadur Deuba
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
4 August 2016 – 15 February 2018
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Prime MinisterPushpa Kamal Dahal
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Preceded bySushil Koirala
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
11 February 2015 – 11 October 2015
PresidentRam Baran Yadav
Prime MinisterSushil Koirala
38th Prime Minister of Nepal
In office
15 February 2018 – 13 July 2021
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded bySher Bahadur Deuba
In office
12 October 2015 – 24 August 2016
PresidentRam Baran Yadav
Bidya Devi Bhandari
DeputyBijay Kumar Gachhadar
Preceded bySushil Koirala
Succeeded byPushpa Kamal Dahal
Ministerial offices
Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal
In office
2006–2007
Serving with Amik Sherchan
MonarchKing Gyanendra
Prime MinisterGirija Prasad Koirala
Preceded byBharat Mohan Adhikari
Succeeded byBamdev Gautam
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
2006–2007
MonarchKing Gyanendra
Prime MinisterGirija Prasad Koirala
Preceded byRamesh Nath Pandey
Succeeded bySahana Pradhan
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
1994–1995
MonarchKing Birendra
Prime MinisterManmohan Adhikari
Preceded bySher Bahadur Deuba
Succeeded byKhum Bahadur Khadka
Senior party positions
Chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
Assumed office
8 March 2021
Preceded byPosition established (Party revived as per a Supreme Court verdict)[1]
In office
2014–2018
Preceded byJhala Nath Khanal
Succeeded byPosition abolished (himself as chairman of the Nepal Communist Party)[2]
Chairman of the Nepal Communist Party
In office
17 May 2018 – 8 March 2021
Serving with Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Preceded byPosition established (New party)[2]
Succeeded byPosition abolished (Party dissolved as per a Supreme Court verdict)[1]
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha
Assumed office
4 March 2018
Preceded byKeshav Kumar Budhathoki
(as member of the Legislature Parliament)
ConstituencyJhapa–5
In office
1999–2008
Preceded byChandra Prakash Mainali
Succeeded byGauri Shankar Khadka
(as member of the 1st Constituent Assembly)
ConstituencyJhapa–2
In office
1991–1999
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byGopal Prasad Koirala
ConstituencyJhapa–6
Member of the Constituent Assembly / Legislature Parliament
In office
21 January 2014 – 14 October 2017
Preceded byBishwodip Lingden Limbu
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
ConstituencyJhapa–7
Personal details
Born
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli

(1952-02-22) 22 February 1952 (age 72)
Iwa,[3] Dhankuta district (old), Kingdom of Nepal
(present day Aathrai, Tehrathum District, Koshi Province, Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal)
NationalityNepali
Political partyCPN (UML) (before 2018; since 2021)
Other political
affiliations		NCP (2018–2021)
SpouseRadhika Shakya
Parent(s)Mohan Prasad Oli (father)
Madhumaya Oli (mother)
Signature
Websitekpsharmaoli.com.np

KP Oli is noted for taking a more hardline stance with regard to the Indian government during and in the aftermath of the 2015 Nepal blockade.[11] He strengthened relations with China as an alternative to Nepal's traditional close trade ties with India and updated the map of Nepal by constitutional amendment including territories disputed with India, for which he has received some domestic praise and a reputation as a nationalist.[12][13] While in office, Oli was marred by controversy for frequent use of tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility towards critics and the media,[14][15][16] silence on corruption by colleagues and business aides, failing to deliver on economic growth, and for deviating from promised budgetary expenditures despite a historic majority in the 2017 legislative election

Early political career edit

 
Oli at the Tribhuvan International Airport.

Born in a Bahun family,[17] Oli began his political career in 1966 in opposition to the partyless Panchayat system in place at the time. He joined the Communist Party of Nepal in February 1970. He was involved in subversive politics and was arrested for the first time in 1970. A year later he became a district committee member of the party and soon the chief of the Jhapa Movement Organizing Committee in 1972. Oli was imprisoned for 14 consecutive years from 1973 to 1987 for being against autocratic Panchayat system.[18] After his release from prison in 1987, he became a central committee member of Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and in-charge of the Lumbini zone until 1990.[19]

Multi-party democracy (1991–2006) edit

After the 1990 People's Movement, he was elected to the House of Representatives from Jhapa–6 in 1991.[20] He was appointed chief of the foreign relations department of the CPN (UML) in 1992.

He was re-elected to the parliament in 1994 and served as the Minister for Home Affairs in Manmohan Adhikari's minority government. He was re-elected from in 1999 from Jhapa constituencies 2 and 6 upon which he gave up his Jhapa–6 seat.[20]

Transition period edit

Oli was appointed Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs as part of the interim government of Girija Prasad Koirala in 2006.[21] He was also assigned to look into the death of fellow politician Madan Bhandari and the investigation committee later declared it to be an unsolved murder.[22]

He was defeated in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election from Jhapa–7. He also lost the election for the position of chairman to Jhala Nath Khanal during the eighth general convention of CPN (UML) in 2009.

He was elected from Jhapa–7 in the 2013 Constituent Assembly election and became leader of the CPN (UML) parliamentary party on 4 February 2014, defeating party chairman Khanal by a vote of 98 to 75 in the parliamentary party.[23] Oli was subsequently elected as the chairman of CPN (UML) in July 2014 during the party's ninth general convention.[24][25]

First premiership edit

Oli was elected Prime Minister in a parliamentary vote on 11 October 2015,[26] receiving 338 votes out of 597 members in the Legislature Parliament. Oli's candidacy was supported by the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, and Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum along with 13 other small parties. He was sworn in on 12 October.[27]

His first stint was dominated by the economic blockade imposed by India upon the promulgation of the constitution of Nepal.[28] He took a defiant stance against India's position to amend the constitution and signed trade and transit treaties with China to counter Indian dependence.[29]

Following the withdrawal of support from CPN (Maoist Centre) on 13 July 2016 from the existing coalition government and subsequent registration of a no-confidence motion by the party on 14 July 2016, the CPN (UML)–led government and The Prime Minister Oli seemingly shrank into a minority, pressuring him to resign. However, CPN (UML) decided to discuss the filed no-confidence motion in the house which led to a three-day parliamentary meeting of the concerned parties. During the process, two other major parties, the Rastriya Prajatantra Party and Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, also withdrew their support from the coalition. On the third day, 24 July 2016, after addressing the opposition parties in parliament, Oli announced his resignation.[30] The Indian government was accused of conspiring in bringing down Oli as he stood firmly against the economic blockade imposed by India; an allegation categorically rejected by the Ministry of External Affairs of India.[31]

Second premiership edit

Oli was appointed Prime Minister for a second time on 15 February 2018 after CPN (UML) became the largest party in the House of Representatives following the 2017 legislative elections with support from Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), the same party whose withdrawal of support had led to resignation in his first term.[32] He passed a motion of confidence with on 11 March 2018 with 208 out of 268 votes in the 275-member House of Representatives.[33] The left alliance of the CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) merged to form the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) on 17 May 2018, turning Oli's coalition government to a majority, and giving him a two-thirds majority in the House.[34]

In May 2020, the Oli government unveiled new maps of the country including the disputed territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura in response to the inauguration of a road across the Lipulekh pass by the Indian government,[35] which led to a "cartographic war" between the two countries.[36] The government swiftly brought a constitutional amendment bill to amend the official map and emblem of the country in the parliament, which was passed unanimously in both houses before being authenticated by President Bidya Devi Bhandari.[37][38][39][40]

In December 2020, the Oli government recommended the dissolution of the House of Representatives and called for fresh elections on 30 April and 10 May 2021; a step that was readily endorsed by the president.[41][42] Oli took this step after a series of infighting in the ruling NCP, which culminated with a faction of the party, led by former prime ministers Pushpa Kamal Dahal and Madhav Kumar Nepal, planning to register a motion of no-confidence against Oli in the House.[43] Oli's reluctance in withdrawing a controversial Constitutional Council Act further led to tensions in the ruling party.[44] This decision from Oli was overturned by the Supreme Court on 23 February 2021, when a constitutional bench led by Chief Justice Cholendra Shumsher Rana deemed the dissolution of the House to be unconstitutional, and called for the House to be reinstated and a meeting of the Parliament to be held within 13 days.[45][46] Oli accepted the verdict of the Supreme Court and called for a meeting of the parliament on 7 March.[47][48]

On 7 March 2021, the Supreme Court delivered a landmark ruling awarding the Nepal Communist Party to Rishiram Kattel after he had challenged the Election Commission's ruling of providing the name of his party to the NCP formed after the merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre).[49] The court's verdict invalidated the ruling party jointly led by Oli and Dahal, effectively reviving the former CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties.[50] This reduced Oli's government back to a coalition further mounting political tensions in the country. The CPN (Maoist Centre) recalled its ministers on 13 March 2021 and withdrew its support from the Oli government on 5 May 2021, effectively turning it into a minority government.[51][52]

On 10 May 2021, Oli failed to obtain a vote of confidence gaining only 93 of the total 232 votes cast in the House of Representatives, which fell 43 votes short of reaching the 136-vote majority required to win the confidence vote.[53] His status was subsequently converted to that of a caretaker prime minister until the appointment of another prime minister by the president.[54]

Third premiership edit

Oli was appointed Prime Minister for a third time on 13 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari, albeit as a minority prime minister, as none of the opposition parties were able to form a majority government or lay their claim for it in the provided time frame.[10][55] Following the dissolution of the House of Representatives by the president at midnight on 22 May 2021, the Oli government turned into an interim government until fresh elections were held from 12 to 19 November 2021.[56]

On 12 July 2021, the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court formed to hear writs against the dissolution of the House of Representatives filed by the opposition alliance; the Supreme Court stated that president Bidya Devi Bhandari's decision to dissolve the House of Representatives on the recommendation of prime minister Oli was unlawful and ordered the appointment of Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours.[57][58][59][60]

Recently, Oli has been appointed as chairman of CPN (UML) from his party convention that happened in Chitwan.[61]

Electoral history edit

He has been elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha from Jhapa in 1991, 1994, 1999 and 2017 on a CPN (UML) ticket.[62] He contested and won from two constituencies in the 1999 election and gave up his Jhapa–6 seat. He lost the 2008 Constituent assembly election, but was elected in 2013. Since the promulgation of the new constitution, he has contested two elections from Jhapa -5 seat, one in 2017 and other in 2022, and won both by scoring majority of votes.

1991 Nepalese general election edit

Jhapa 6
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli – Elected

1994 Nepalese general election edit

Jhapa 6
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 18,861 Elected
Nepali Congress Keshav Kumar Budhathoki 14,202 Lost

1999 Nepalese general election edit

Jhapa 2
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 18,909 Elected
Nepali Congress Giriraj Kumari Prasai 18,892 Lost
Jhapa 6
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 23,749 Elected
Nepali Congress Kasi Lal Tajpuriya 19,713 Lost

2008 Constituent Assembly election edit

Jhapa 7
Party Candidate Votes Status
Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Bishwodip Lingden Limbu 16,099 Elected
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 14,959 Lost

2013 Constituent Assembly election edit

Jhapa 7
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 19,287 Elected
Nepali Congress Suresh Kumar Youngaya 11,041 Lost

2015 Parliamentary Prime Minister election edit

Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 338 Elected
Nepali Congress Sushil Koirala 249 Lost

2017 Nepalese general election edit

Jhapa 5[63]
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 57,139 Elected
Nepali Congress Khagendra Adhikari 28,297 Lost

2022 Nepalese general election edit

Jhapa 5[64]
Party Candidate Votes Status
CPN (UML) K.P. Sharma Oli 52,319 Elected
Nepali Congress Khagendra Adhikari 23,743 Lost

Personal life edit

Oli is married to Radhika Shakya. He met his wife, a fellow communist, after he was released from prison. They first met during party activities and married later.[65]

Health issues edit

Oli has twice undergone kidney transplant. The first transplant was done in 2007 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.[66] The second transplant was carried out in 2020 in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. For the second transplant, he received kidney from 32-year-old Samikshya Sangraula, who is reportedly Oli's niece by relation. A senior transplant surgeon from New Delhi, who had done his transplant in 2007, was also present to assist the procedure in Kathmandu.[67]

Controversial claims edit

Oli is known for his tongue-in-cheek remarks and use of various slang and proverbs (Nepali: उखान टुक्का, romanized: Ukhān ṭukkā), often with double meanings and criticism; some directed to his own party.[68][69] Oli claims he learnt this technique during the Panchayat era when he was underground to entertain his colleagues.[69] Some of his controversial claims are:

  • Super computer, February 2019: Oli claimed that the world is amazed by the supercomputer being built by Nepal. He was referring to a computer that was being built in the Banepa IT Park, which the makers have claimed to be a supercomputer in spite of its lacking computing power.[70]
  • Rhino and Mount Everest, August 2019: Oli claimed rhinoceros should be called using the Nepali word for the animal, Gainda (Nepali: गैँडा, romanized: Gaim̐ḍā) instead of rhinoceros and Mount Everest should be known as Sagarmatha (Nepali: सगरमाथा, romanized: Sagarmāthā) by everyone.[71] He said, "...Do you know what gaida [is]? You people know gaida as rhino. But rhinos are not rhinos, they are gaida. I request you to remember this word—gaida...".[72]
  • Indian coronavirus, May 2020: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, Oli had lashed out at India, saying that the “Indian virus” was more dangerous than the “Chinese or Italian virus” and even made light of the Indian national emblem.[73] He said this during an address to the parliament where he blamed the rising number of coronavirus cases on individuals breaking the nationwide lockdown, especially those sneaking into Nepal from India, claiming that "people coming from India through illegal channels are spreading the virus in the country."[74] This sparked a round of media attention in India.[75][76]
  • Sneeze out the virus, June 2020: While addressing the National Assembly, Oli claimed, “...Corona is like the flu, if contracted, one should sneeze, drink hot water and drive the virus away...” generating ridicule in the national media and social networks. He also claimed ginger, garlic and turmeric are known to have vitamins and antioxidants that can help boost the immune system to fight coronavirus.[77]
  • Lord Rama is a Nepali, July 2020: While addressing a function celebrating the 207th birth anniversary of poet Bhanubhakta Acharya, Oli said Lord Rama was born in Nepal and India had created a fake Ayodhya.[78][79][80] He claimed Thori, a place near Birgunj in southern Nepal, to be the birthplace of Rama and it was impossible for Rama to reach Janakpur in eastern Nepal to marry Sita from Ayodhya in India. He later ordered to investigate this matter, asking officials in the region to study about the whereabouts of Ayodhyapuri.[81] He also claimed to have found strong evidences of the real Ayodhya, including ruins supposedly of Someshwar Gadhi and Valmiki Ashram, both of whom are associated with Lord Rama.[81]
  • Yoga originated in Nepal, June 2021: On the occasion of International Day of Yoga on 21 June 2021, Oli claimed that Yoga originated in Uttarakhand and Nepal in particular.[82] According to him, India as a country did not exist at the time when Yogic science was founded.[83][84][85] This caused series of backlash from Nepali and Indian social media.[86]

Bibliography edit

  • Selected speeches of K P Sharma Oli. Kathmandu: Central Office, Communist Party of Nepal - UML. 2016.

See also edit

References edit

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  72. ^ "Nepal's prime minister has had it with the world using the word rhino". Kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  73. ^ "Observers worry Oli's statements about an Indian conspiracy could further damage bilateral ties". Kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  74. ^ "In three hours before Parliament, Oli presents problems but offers few solutions". Kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  75. ^ "Indian coronavirus more lethal than Chinese: Nepal PM K P Sharma Oli". Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  76. ^ "85% of people tested positive for coronavirus in Nepal are those who returned from India: PM Oli". The Hindu. Kathmandu. 10 June 2020. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  77. ^ "Oli continues to downplay Covid-19 and propagate home remedies, earning ridicule on social media". Kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  78. ^ "Nepal's PM KP Sharma Oli 'claims' real Ayodhya is in Nepal". The Himalayan Times. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  79. ^ "Lord Rama is Nepali, not Indian, real Ayodhya in Nepal, claims PM KP Sharma Oli". Zee News. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  80. ^ "Editorial | Has Oli crossed Laxman Rekha?". Kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  81. ^ a b "ठोरीको अयोध्यापुरीमा बढ्यो प्रम ओलीको चासो, आउँदो रामनवमीमा पूजा गरी काम सुरू गर्ने". Setopati.com. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  82. ^ "PM KP Sharma Oli claims Yoga originated in Nepal, not in India". The Indian Express. 23 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  83. ^ "'Yoga originated in Nepal': KP Sharma Oli's latest startling claim". Hindustan Times. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  84. ^ ""Yoga Originated In Nepal, Not India": Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli". NDTV.com. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  85. ^ "Yoga originated in Nepal, not India, claims Nepal PM". The Independent. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  86. ^ "'Yoga Not Originated in India': Nepal PM Oli Roasted With Memes After Bizarre Claim". News18. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.

External links edit

House of Representatives of Nepal
New constituency Member of Parliament for Jhapa 6
1991–1999 		Succeeded by
Gopal Prasad Koirala
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Jhapa 2
1999–2008 		Succeeded byas Member of the Constituent Assembly
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Jhapa 5
2018–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Home Affairs
1994–1995 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ramesh Nath Pandey
 Minister of Foreign Affairs
2006–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2015–2016 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2018–2021 		Succeeded by
2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly
Preceded by Member of the Constituent Assembly for Jhapa 7
2014–2017 		Constituency abolished
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML)
2014–2018 		Party dissolved
New political party Leader of the Nepal Communist Party (NCP)
2018–2021
Party re-established Leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML)
2021–present 		Incumbent
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