Importin subunit alpha-3 , also known as karyopherin subunit alpha-4 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA4 gene .[5] [6]
Function
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The nuclear import of karyophilic proteins is directed by short amino acid sequences termed nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Karyopherins, or importins, are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize NLSs and dock NLS-containing proteins to the nuclear pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene shares the sequence similarity with Xenopus importin-alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srp1. This protein is found to interact with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen.[7]
Interactions
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References
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^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186432 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027782 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ a b Seki T, Tada S, Katada T, Enomoto T (May 1997). "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel importin-alpha homologue, Qip1: discrimination of Qip1 and Rch1 from hSrp1 by their ability to interact with DNA helicase Q1/RecQL". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications . 234 (1): 48–53. doi :10.1006/bbrc.1997.6535 . PMID 9168958 . ^ Köhler M, Ansieau S, Prehn S, Leutz A, Haller H, Hartmann E (Nov 1997). "Cloning of two novel human importin-alpha subunits and analysis of the expression pattern of the importin-alpha protein family" . FEBS Letters . 417 (1): 104–8. doi :10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01265-9 PMID 9395085 . S2CID 84237136 . ^ "Entrez Gene: KPNA4 karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3)" .^ Liu L, McBride KM, Reich NC (Jun 2005). "STAT3 nuclear import is independent of tyrosine phosphorylation and mediated by importin-alpha3" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 102 (23): 8150–5. Bibcode :2005PNAS..102.8150L . doi :10.1073/pnas.0501643102 PMC 1149424 PMID 15919823 .
Further reading
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Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (Dec 1997). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader" . Frontiers in Bioscience . 2 (4): d578–87. doi :10.2741/A213 PMID 9366553 . Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (Mar 1998). "HIV-1 nuclear import: matrix protein is back on center stage, this time together with Vpr" . Molecular Medicine . 4 (3): 138–43. doi :10.1007/BF03401911 . PMC 2230352 PMID 9562972 . Bukrinsky MI, Sharova N, Dempsey MP, Stanwick TL, Bukrinskaya AG, Haggerty S, Stevenson M (Jul 1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 89 (14): 6580–4. Bibcode :1992PNAS...89.6580B . doi :10.1073/pnas.89.14.6580 PMC 49545 PMID 1631159 . Sharova N, Bukrinskaya A (Mar 1991). "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses . 7 (3): 303–6. doi :10.1089/aid.1991.7.303 . PMID 2064827 . Di Marzio P, Choe S, Ebright M, Knoblauch R, Landau NR (Dec 1995). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr" . Journal of Virology . 69 (12): 7909–16. doi :10.1128/JVI.69.12.7909-7916.1995 . PMC 189735 PMID 7494303 . Gallay P, Swingler S, Song J, Bushman F, Trono D (Nov 1995). "HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase" . Cell . 83 (4): 569–76. doi :10.1016/0092-8674(95)90097-7 PMID 7585960 . S2CID 15536328 . Freed EO, Englund G, Martin MA (Jun 1995). "Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection" . Journal of Virology . 69 (6): 3949–54. doi :10.1128/JVI.69.6.3949-3954.1995 . PMC 189124 PMID 7745752 . Gallay P, Swingler S, Aiken C, Trono D (Feb 1995). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator" . Cell . 80 (3): 379–88. doi :10.1016/0092-8674(95)90488-3 PMID 7859280 . S2CID 15064293 . von Schwedler U, Kornbluth RS, Trono D (Jul 1994). "The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 91 (15): 6992–6. Bibcode :1994PNAS...91.6992V . doi :10.1073/pnas.91.15.6992 PMC 44324 PMID 8041734 . Heinzinger NK, Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty SA, Ragland AM, Kewalramani V, Lee MA, Gendelman HE , Ratner L, Stevenson M, Emerman M (Jul 1994). "The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 91 (15): 7311–5. Bibcode :1994PNAS...91.7311H . doi :10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311 PMC 44389 PMID 8041786 . Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, Sharova N, Adzhubel A, Spitz L, Lewis P, Goldfarb D, Emerman M, Stevenson M (Oct 1993). "A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells" . Nature . 365 (6447): 666–9. Bibcode :1993Natur.365..666B . doi :10.1038/365666a0 . PMC 9524217 PMID 8105392 . S2CID 25678 . Dubrovsky L, Ulrich P, Nuovo GJ, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Bukrinsky M (Jan 1995). "Nuclear localization signal of HIV-1 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention" . Molecular Medicine . 1 (2): 217–30. doi :10.1007/BF03401569 . PMC 2229944 PMID 8529100 . Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, Oettinger M, Trono D (Feb 1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import" . Journal of Virology . 70 (2): 1027–32. doi :10.1128/JVI.70.2.1027-1032.1996 . PMC 189908 PMID 8551560 . Bukrinskaya AG, Ghorpade A, Heinzinger NK, Smithgall TE, Lewis RE, Stevenson M (Jan 1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and nuclear targeting of viral DNA" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 93 (1): 367–71. Bibcode :1996PNAS...93..367B . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.1.367 PMC 40239 PMID 8552640 . Sato A, Yoshimoto J, Isaka Y, Miki S, Suyama A, Adachi A, Hayami M, Fujiwara T, Yoshie O (Jun 1996). "Evidence for direct association of Vpr and matrix protein p17 within the HIV-1 virion" . Virology . 220 (1): 208–12. doi :10.1006/viro.1996.0302 PMID 8659115 . Popov S, Dubrovsky L, Lee MA, Pennathur S, Haffar O, aL-Abed Y, Tonge P, Ulrich P, Rexach M, Blobel G, Cerami A, Bukrinsky M (Oct 1996). "Critical role of reverse transcriptase in the inhibitory mechanism of CNI-H0294 on HIV-1 nuclear translocation" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 93 (21): 11859–64. Bibcode :1996PNAS...9311859P . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.21.11859 PMC 38149 PMID 8876228 . Freed EO, Englund G, Maldarelli F, Martin MA (Jan 1997). "Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection" . Cell . 88 (2): 171–3, discussion 173–4. doi :10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81836-X PMID 9008157 . S2CID 14097368 . Gallay P, Hope T, Chin D, Trono D (Sep 1997). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 94 (18): 9825–30. Bibcode :1997PNAS...94.9825G . doi :10.1073/pnas.94.18.9825 PMC 23276 PMID 9275210 . Besançon F, Just J, Bourgeade MF, Van Weyenbergh J, Solomon D, Guillozo H, Wietzerbin J, Cayre YE (Aug 1997). "HIV-1 p17 and IFN-gamma both induce fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research . 17 (8): 461–7. doi :10.1089/jir.1997.17.461 . PMID 9282826 .
