In Jainism, Sangha (Community of the pious) is a term used to refer to the fourfold community of Muni (male ascetics), Aryika / Sadhvi (female ascetics), Śrāvaka (laymen), and Śrāvikā (laywomen).
The word is also used in various other ways.[1]
Meaning edit
Champat Rai Jain, an influential 20th century Jain writer described the sangha as "those who practise the dharma", "the community of the saints", "the community of the pious" and as "the community of the faithful".[2][3]
Significance edit
According to the Jain texts, the sangha will be maintained till the very end of the present strife-ridden spoke of time (pancham kaal). With the end of the sangha, the dharma (religion) will also end.[4]
The continuity of the sangha (community of the faithful) will be maintained right up to its very end. There will be at least one saint, one nun, one householder, and one pious female follower of the Lord Jinendra in the world. When only three moments will be left in the running kāla, rāja (kingship), agni (fire) and dharma (religion) will be destroyed, one after the other, in the order mentioned! The last king, who will be called Kalki, will snatch away the food from the hand of the last Saint, and will be destroyed by the devas for his extreme impiety. The Saint and the Nun will perform sallekhana death, along with the householder and the pious lay lady. Fire will disappear instantly, and dharma will cease to exist in the next moment!.
— Champat Rai Jain[4]
Other Uses edit
The word sangha has been used to refer to various lineages in the Digambara sect of Jainism.[citation needed]
History edit
Jain Sangha was established in Madurai in 5th century CE.[5]
See also edit
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ Wiley, Kristi L (17 June 2009). The a to Z of Jainism. Scarecrow Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780810863378. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
- ^ Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. 137, 165.
- ^ Jain, Champat Rai (1926), Sannyasa Dharma, p. 187,
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. - ^ a b Champat Rai Jain 1929, p. 165-166.
- ^ Upinder Singh 2016, p. 26.
Sources edit
- Jain, Champat Rai (1929), Risabha Deva - The Founder of Jainism, Allahabad: The Indian Press Limited, This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Singh, Upinder (2016), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, Pearson Education, ISBN 978-93-325-6996-6