Ivy Williams (7 September 1877 – 18 February 1966) was the first woman to be called to the English bar, in May 1922. She never practised, but she was the first woman to teach law at a British university.
 | |
| Born | 7 September 1877 |
| Died | 18 February 1966 (aged 88) Oxford, Oxfordshire, England |
| Nationality | British citizenship |
| Education | Society of Oxford Home Students |
| Occupation | law lecturer |
| Known for | first woman called to the UK bar |
Education edit
Williams studied law at the Society of Oxford Home Students (later St Anne's College), the third woman to study law at Oxford University.[1] By 1903, she had completed all her law examinations, but was prevented by the prevailing regulations concerning the qualification of women at Oxford from matriculating or receiving her BA, MA, and BCL until the regulations were reformed in 1920.[2] She obtained Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from the University of London in 1901, and LLD from the same university in 1903.
After the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 came into force in December 1919, which abolished the prohibition on women becoming barristers, she joined the Inner Temple as a student on 26 January 1920 after Theodora Llewelyn Davies. Olive Clapham was the first woman to pass bar finals examinations (in May 1921), but she would not be called to the bar until 1924.[3] Williams became England's first female barrister when she was called to the bar on 10 May 1922,[1][4] having received a certificate of honour (first class) in her final bar examination in Michaelmas 1921 which excused her from keeping two terms of dinners. Her call to the bar was described by the Law Journal as "one of the most memorable days in the long annals of the legal profession".[5] She was soon followed by other women, including Helena Normanton.
Career edit
Williams did not enter private practice, but taught law at the Society of Oxford Home Students from 1920 to 1945, making her the first woman to teach law at an English university.[1] In 1923 she became the first woman to be awarded the degree of DCL (Doctor of Civil Law)[6] in Oxford for her published work, The Sources of Law in the Swiss Civil Code. In 1956, she was elected an Honorary Fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford.
Personal and later life edit
She enjoyed tennis, travelling, gardening, and driving. She learned to read Braille after she began to lose her sight in later life, and she wrote a Braille primer which was published by the National Institute for the Blind in 1948.[7]
She died in Oxford in 1966.[7]
Dedications edit
In 2020, barrister Karlia Lykourgou set up the first outfitter dedicated to offering courtwear for women. She named it Ivy & Normanton, in honour of Williams and Helena Normanton.[8]
A blue plaque to her memory was installed on her home at 12 King Edward Street, Oxford on 21 September 2020.[9]
Family edit
Williams was born in Newton Abbot in Devon and educated privately. Her parents were Emma and George St Swithin Williams. Her father was a solicitor. Her brother Winter Williams became a barrister, but died in an accident on 14 July 1903.[7]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b c Bell, Jo (2021). On this day she : putting women back into history, one day at a time. Tania Hershman, Ailsa Holland. London. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-78946-271-5. OCLC 1250378425.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ _____, "Oxford–Saturday. Degrees for Women". Yorkshire Post, 1 November 1920. 9.
- ^ Caroline, Derry. "Clapham, Olive Catherine [married name Miles (1898–1973)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/112040. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ England's First Woman Barrister. Miss Ivy Williams "Called.", The Times, Thursday, May 11, 1922; pg. 7; Issue 43028; col D
- ^ "(Law Journal, 57, 1922, 161)". Law Journal. 1922.
- ^ Hallett, Heather (10 February 2011). "My legal hero: Dr Ivy Williams | Heather Hallett". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ a b c Hazel Fox, 'Williams, Ivy (1877–1966)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2006 accessed 20 July 2012
- ^ Mehta, Amar (18 June 2020). "After 100 years, female barristers finally get their own outfitter". The Lawyer | Legal insight, benchmarking data and jobs. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board