The Ásatrú Alliance (AA) is an American Heathen group founded in 1988 by Michael J. Murray (a.k.a. Valgard Murray) of Arizona, a former vice-president of Else Christensen's Odinist Fellowship. The establishment of the Alliance, as well as the establishment of The Troth, followed the disbanding of the Asatru Free Assembly ("old AFA") in 1986. The Ásatrú Alliance largely reconstituted the old AFA, is dominated by prior AFA members, and acts as a distributor of previously AFA publications.
Background edit
Stephen McNallen founded the Asatru Folk Assembly ("new AFA") in 1994 as the successor organization to the Asatru Free Assembly. The Alliance and the Folk Assembly organizations have existed in parallel since, temporarily united within the International Asatru-Odinic Alliance (1997–2002). The group is typically classified by scholars as folkish based on their ethnocentrism and restricting of membership to those of specific ancestry.[1][2] The AA defines Ásatrú as "the ethnic religion of the Northern European peoples".[3]
The Ásatrú Alliance is recognized as a 501(c)(3) non-profit religious organization, or church. The AA was formed on June 19, 1988 by seven kindreds, which were members of the disbanded Ásatrú Free Assembly, who ratified on this day a set of by-laws to preserve and promote the beliefs of Ásatrú in the United States of America.[citation needed] As a definition of Ásatrú, AA cites a 1995 essay by McNallen on "what is Ásatrú", which concludes by summarizing the main goals as the practice of "courage, honor, the importance of the family and ancestral bonds, strength, freedom, the preservation of our kind, and joyful, vigorous life."
The AA is currently headed by a board of directors composed of representatives appointed by their kindred, to speak on their behalf for any AA business.[citation needed] The AA held its 32nd annual Althing gathering in September 2012. Kaplan (1996) estimates the AA has between 500 and 1,000 members.[citation needed] [citation needed] World Tree Publications is the Ásatrú Alliance's publishing house.[citation needed]
Valgard Murray edit
Valgard Murray (Michael J. Murray), born in 1950 in Iowa to a farming family, to Thomas and Marion Murray of Scottish, Lithuanian, Irish, and German descent.[4] Murray later[when?] moved to Arizona and became an electrical engineer.[5]
Murray was involved with the American Nazi Party (ANP) into the late 1960s.[6] and learned of Odinism/Asatru through Elton Hall. He later became the Arizona organizer of the ANP. He has also been the spokesperson for the Arizona-based outlaw brotherhood Iron Cross MC.[7] In 1969, Murray worked with Else Christensen[inconsistent] to found the Odinist Fellowship, and served as vice president.[5]
In the early 1970s Murray and Hall formed a kindred and made contact with Else Christensen.[inconsistent] In 1976 the Arizona Kindred became the first kindred certified as such by the Odinist Fellowship, which until then had only individual members.[5]
In 1984, the Arizona Kindred chose to affiliate with the Asatru Free Assembly (old AFA) instead. In 1986, he founded World Tree Publications,[8][third-party source needed] and in 1987, he served as general manager of the AFA. At the second Althing of the AFA, Murrary allegedly threatened to kill a homosexual attendee with a Mac-10.[9]
When the AFA folded, he and Robert Taylor of the Tribe of the Wulfings, began to create the Ásatrú Alliance in 1987, inviting other kindreds to a formational Althing in 1988.[7] He was a representative of the Ásatrú Alliance,[10] was on the board of the International Ásatrú-Odinic Alliance (IAOA), and was chosen the first honorary IAOA Allsherjargoði for the three-year period.[10] In 1988 he was elected the Alsherjargothi of the Ásatrú Alliance.[7]
In 2013, Murray commented on the killing of Colorado Department of Corrections head Tom Clements as the alleged murderer "practiced a controversial form of religion behind bars"[11] which was Asatru.[12]
In 2014, Murray was interviewed in a three-part series by George Whitehurst Berry on the Sedona Dreams Show.[13] During this interview, Murray stated that Asatru means, "faith in God." Asked if it actually refers to gods and goddesses, he responds, "Well, yes it did, but the word itself is not plural, it just means faith in God. And, it does of course mean, in the old way, respect in honouring the old gods and goddesses of the Northern European people."[14]
Murray remained the Allsherjargoði of the Ásatrú Alliance of Independent Kindreds, Inc. until entering a semi-retirement in 2015.[citation needed]
References edit
Citations edit
- ^ Gardell 2003.
- ^ Kieser, Trevor (2019). "Al(t-Right) Father? Germanic Neopaganism, Nordic Nationalism, and Modern Reception of Old Norse Religion and the Vikings" (PDF). University of Oslo: 58.
- ^ von Schnurbein, Stefanie (2016). "Norse Revival" (PDF). Studies in Critical Research on Religion. 5: 128.
- ^ Gardell (2003), p. [page needed].
- ^ a b c Gardell (2003), p. 261.
- ^ SPLC (1998).
- ^ a b c Gardell (2003), p. 262.
- ^ World Tree Publications (n.d.)
- ^ Kaplan (1996), pp. 203–204.
- ^ a b Gardell (2003), p. 263.
- ^ Clements’ Murder Suspect Practiced Controversial Religion In Prison " CBS Denver Archived November 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "An Infamous Murder and Asatru in Prison". Wildhunt.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
- ^ Part 1 (archived), Part 2 (archived), Part 3 (archived)
- ^ "George Whitehurst Berry welcomes Allsherjargoði Valgard Murray to the 1/25/14 Sedona Dreams Show - Sedona Dreams". 2014-01-22. Archived from the original on 2014-11-15. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
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Works cited edit
- Gardell, Mattias (2003). Gods of the Blood The Pagan Revival and White Separatism. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3071-4.
- Kaplan, Jeffrey (1996). "The Reconstruction of the Asatru and Odinist Traditions". In Lewis, James R. (ed.). Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft. State University of New York Press. pp. 193–236. ISBN 978-0791428894.
- SPLC (March 15, 1998). "New Brand of Racist Odinist Religion on the March: A racist brand of neo-Paganism, related to Odinism, spreads among white supremacists". Intelligence Report. No. 1998 Winter Issue. Retrieved 2022-12-15 – via Southern Poverty Law Center.
- World Tree Publications (n.d.). "History". Worldtreepublications.org. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
Further reading edit
- Adler, Margot (2006) [1979]. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshipers and Other Pagans in America (revised ed.). London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-303819-1.
- Chadwick, H. M. (1899). The Cult of Othin. Cambridge.
- Johnson, Daryl (February 10, 2018). "Holy Hate: The Far Right's Radicalization of Religion". Intelligence Report. No. 2018 Spring Issue. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
- Kaplan, Jeffrey (1997). Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah. Syracuse: Syracuse Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-8156-0396-2.
- McNallen, Stephen A. (2004). "Three Decades of the Ásatrú Revival in America". In Buckley, Joshua; Moynihan, Michael (eds.). Tyr: Myth—Culture—Tradition. Vol. II. Ultra Publishing. pp. 203–219. ISBN 978-0-9720292-1-6.
- Paxson, Diana L. (2006). Essential Asatru Walking the Path of Norse Paganism. Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-2708-6.
- Weber, Shannon (February 1, 2018). "White Supremacy's Old Gods: The Far Right and Neopaganism". Political Research Associates. Retrieved 2022-12-15.