Hymenoxys (rubberweed or bitterweed) is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America.[3][1][4] It was named by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in 1828.[1]
| Hymenoxys | |
|---|---|
| |
| Hymenoxys hoopesii | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Helenieae |
| Subtribe: | Tetraneurinae |
| Genus: | Hymenoxys Cass. |
| Type species | |
| Hymenoxys anthemoides (Juss.) Cass.[1]
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Plants of this genus are toxic to sheep due to the presence of the sesquiterpene lactone hymenoxon.[5][6][7]
- Hymenoxys ambigens - Pinaleno Mountain rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys anthemoides - Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
- Hymenoxys biennis - Utah
- Hymenoxys bigelovii - Utah Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys brachyactis - East View rubberweed - New Mexico
- Hymenoxys brandegeei - Arizona New Mexico Colorado
- Hymenoxys cabrerae - Argentina
- Hymenoxys californica - California, Baja California
- Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides - San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Zacatecas, México State, Puebla, Oaxaca, Hidalgo
- Hymenoxys cooperi - Cooper's rubberweed - California Nevada Arizona Utah Idaho Oregon New Mexico
- Hymenoxys grandiflora - New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Montana Utah Idaho
- Hymenoxys helenioides - intermountain rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico Colorado Utah
- Hymenoxys hoopesii - owl claws - New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Montana Utah Idaho Oregon Nevada California
- Hymenoxys insignis - Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua
- Hymenoxys jamesii - Arizona
- Hymenoxys lemmonii - Lemmon's rubberweed - Arizona Oregon Nevada California
- Hymenoxys multiflora - Texas New Mexico
- Hymenoxys mutica - California
- Hymenoxys odorata - bitter rubberweed - California Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Colorado Kansas Maine South Carolina Alabama, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
- Hymenoxys quinquesquamata - rincon rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys richardsonii - pingue rubberweed, Colorado rubberweed - Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana Idaho Wyoming Utah Colorado New Mexico Arizona Texas Nebraska North Dakota Nevada
- Hymenoxys robusta - Bolivia, Argentina, Peru
- Hymenoxys rusbyi - Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys subintegra - Arizona rubberweed - Arizona Utah
- Hymenoxys texana - prairie dawn - Texas
- Hymenoxys tweediei - Argentina
- Hymenoxys vaseyi - Texas New Mexico
- formerly included[11]
- Hymenoxys acaulis is now called Tetraneuris acaulis
- Hymenoxys argentea now Tetraneuris argentea
- Hymenoxys depressa now Tetraneuris torreyana
- Hymenoxys glabra now Tetraneuris scaposa
- Hymenoxys herbacea now Tetraneuris herbacea
- Hymenoxys integrifolia now Helenium integrifolium
- Hymenoxys ivesiana now Tetraneuris ivesiana
- Hymenoxys lapidicola now Tetraneuris torreyana
- Hymenoxys linearifolia now Tetraneuris linearifolia
- Hymenoxys scaposa now Tetraneuris scaposa
- Hymenoxys torreyana now Tetraneuris torreyana
- Hymenoxys turneri now Tetraneuris turneri
References edit
- ^ a b c Tropicos, Hymenoxys Cass.
- ^ a b "Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist". Archived from the original on 2014-12-02. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
- ^ Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de, in Cuvier, F. 1828. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles [Second edition] 55: 278–279in French
- ^ Flora of North America, Bitterweed, rubberweed, Hymenoxys Cassini 1828.
- ^ Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
- ^ Pfeiffer, F. A. and M. C. Calhoun. (1987). Effects of environmental, site, and phenological factors on hymenoxon content of bitterweed, Hymenoxys odorata. Journal of Animal Science 65 1553-62.
- ^ Texas A&M University, Toxicity: H. odorata Archived 2007-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
- ^ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100.
- ^ The Plant List search for Hymenoxys
- ^ a b The Plant List, search for Hymenoxys
External links edit
- Jepson Manual Treatment, University of California
- United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
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