Hydrophis is a genus of sea snakes, venomous snakes in the subfamily Hydrophiinae of the family Elapidae. Species in the genus Hydrophis are typically found in Indo-Australian and Southeast Asian waters. Currently, around 36 species are recognized as being valid.[1]
| Hydrophis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Annulated sea snake, H. cyanocinctus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Subfamily: | Hydrophiinae |
| Genus: | Hydrophis Latreille In Sonnini & Latreille, 1801 |
| Type species | |
| Hydrophis platurus Linnaeus, 1766
| |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Disteira Lacépède, 1804 | |
Systematics and classification edit
There are more than 30 recognized species in the genus.[1]
| Species | Authority | Subsp.* | Common name | Geographic range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. annandalei | (Laidlaw, 1901) | 0 | bighead sea snake, Annandale's sea snake | Indian Ocean |
| H. anomalus | Schmidt, 1852 | 0 | anomalous sea snake | South Chinese Sea, Indian Ocean |
| H. atriceps | Günther, 1864 | 0 | black-headed sea snake | |
| H. belcheri | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | Belcher's sea snake | Queensland and New Territories, Australia |
| H. bituberculatus | W. Peters, 1873 | 0 | Peters' sea snake | Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka, Thailand) |
| H. brookii | Günther, 1872 | 0 | Brooke's sea snake | |
| H. caerulescens | (Shaw, 1802) | 2 | dwarf sea snake | Queensland, Australia |
| H. cantoris | Günther, 1864 | 0 | Cantor's narrow-headed sea snake, Cantor's small-headed sea snake | |
| H. coggeri | (Kharin, 1984) | 0 | slender-necked sea snake, Cogger's sea snake[2] | Western Australia |
| H. curtus | (Shaw, 1802) | 0 | Shaw's sea snake, short sea snake, Hardwicke's sea snake, spine-bellied sea snake | |
| H. cyanocinctus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | annulated sea snake, blue-banded sea snake | |
| H. czeblukovi | (Kharin, 1984) | 0 | fine-spined sea snake | |
| H. donaldi[3] | Ukuwela, K. Sanders & B. Fry, 2012 |
rough-scaled sea snake | Northern Australia | |
| H. elegans | (Gray, 1842) | 0 | elegant sea snake | |
| H. fasciatus | (Schneider, 1799) | 0 | striped sea snake | |
| H. hardwickii | (Gray, 1834) | 0 | Hardwicke's spine-bellied sea snake | |
| H. inornatus | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | plain sea snake | Western Australia |
| H. jerdonii | (Gray, 1849) | 2 | Jerdon's sea snake | Indian Ocean |
| H. kingii | Boulenger, 1896 | 0 | King's sea snake | |
| H. klossi | Boulenger, 1912 | 0 | Kloss' sea snake | |
| H. laboutei | A. Rasmussen & Ineich, 2000 | 0 | Laboute's sea snake[2] | New Caledonia |
| H. lamberti | M.A. Smith, 1917 | 0 | Lambert's sea snake | |
| H. lapemoides | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | Persian Gulf sea snake | |
| H. macdowelli | Kharin, 1983 | 0 | small-headed sea snake, McDowell's sea snake | Western Australia |
| H. major | (Shaw, 1802) | 0 | greater sea snake, olive-headed sea snake | |
| H. mamillaris | (Daudin, 1803) | 0 | Bombay sea snake | |
| H. melanocephalus | Gray, 1849 | 0 | slender-necked sea snake | |
| H. melanosoma | Günther, 1864 | 0 | black-banded robust sea snake | |
| H. nigrocinctus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | black-banded sea snake | |
| H. obscurus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | estuarine sea snake, Russel's sea snake | |
| H. ocellatus | (Gray, 1849) | 0 | spotted sea snake | |
| H. ornatus | (Gray, 1842) | 4 | ornate reef sea snake | |
| H. pacificus | Boulenger, 1896 | 0 | large-headed sea snake | |
| H. parviceps | M.A. Smith, 1935 | 0 | Smith's small-headed sea snake | |
| H. peronii | (A.M.C. Duméril, 1853) | 0 | Peron's sea snake | |
| H. platurus | Linnaeus, 1766 | 0 | yellow-bellied sea snake | |
| H. schistosus | Daudin, 1803 | 0 | beaked sea snake | Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to Pacific Ocean[4][5] |
| H. semperi | Garman, 1881 | 0 | Lake Taal snake, Garman's sea snake, Philippine freshwater sea snake, Luzon sea snake | |
| H. sibauensis | A. Rasmussen, Auliya & W. Böhme, 2001 |
0 | Kalimantan sea snake | |
| H. spiralis | (Shaw, 1802) | 0 | yellow sea snake | |
| H. stokesii | (Gray, 1846) | 0 | Stokes' sea snake, Stokes's sea snake | |
| H. stricticollis | Günther, 1864 | 0 | collared sea snake | |
| H. torquatus | Günther, 1864 | 2 | west coast black-headed sea snake | |
| H. viperinus | Schmidt, 1852 | 0 | viperine sea snake | Persian Gulf and Western Indian Ocean to Western Pacific Ocean[6] |
| H. vorisi | Kharin, 1984 | 0 | estuarine sea snake | Torres Strait, Queensland |
| H. zweifeli | (Kharin, 1985) | 0 | Sepik beaked sea snake, Zweifel’s beaked sea snake |
[7] *) Not including the nominate subspecies (typical form).
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Hydrophis.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "Hydrophis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
- ^ a b Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Hydrophis coggeri, p. 56; H. laboutei, p. 149).
- ^ "Spiny, Venomous New Sea Snake Discovered—"Something Special"". Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
- ^ Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis schistosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- ^ "Hydrophis schistosus".
- ^ Rasmussen, A. (15 February 2009). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hydrophis viperinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- ^ "The Reptiles of Australia, Marine snakes". Archived from the original on 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2010-02-19. (downloaded Feb. 18,2010.)
Further reading edit
- Zug, George R. [in German]; Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (May 2001). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (Second ed.). Academic Press. p. 630. ISBN 0-12-782622-X.
- Uetz, Peter. "Family Elapidae (cobras, coral snakes, and seasnakes etc.)". The Reptile Database. Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
External links edit
- Hydrophis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 7 September 2007.