The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Manx language pronunciations[1] in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See also Manx phonology and Manx spelling to sound correspondences for more details about pronunciation of Manx.

Consonants

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Manx makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate like the articulation of the [j] sound in yes /jɛs/. In Manx orthography, slender consonants are often but not always by ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩.

The broad consonants are /p, b, m, f, v, t, d, t̠, d̠, n, (n̠), s, l, l̠, r, k, ɡ, x, ɣ, h/ and slender consonants are /tʃ, dʒ, tʲ, dʲ, nʲ, ʃ, j, lʲ, rʲ, kʲ, ɡʲ, ç/.

IPA Example English approximation
p peccah, tappee, kiap pig, wrap
b beeal, cabbyl, cab bake, tub
m mie, famman, cam man, bomb
f fockle, phadeyr, offishear fox, if
v va, shirveish vat, love
w wappin, bwee, queeyl, win, woman
t ta, thie, puttey, att North Welsh adar, English adder (but dental), Irish-English thing
d doal, dhiane, kiaddey, laad North Welsh tŷ, English tie (but dental), Irish-English though
tendeil town (alveolar)
dellal do (alveolar)
n noo, bannaght, bane nose, night
ruggit, aitt, pooiyt Tuesday, atune
cooid, craid dune, midia
niart, nhee, bainney, thallooin new, annual
ʧ cheet, atchim, buitch cheese, church
ʤ jee, bodjal, caage judge, badger
s soo, assee, baase soon, pass
ʃ shee, ashoon, baaish sheet, fish
l loo, lhag, ollan, shooyl look, ball (but dark)
vel, troggal English lean, South Welsh fel
leshtal, lhiam, balley, fuill lute, million
r raa, rheynn, arran, oor red, borrow (a tap or an approximant)
rhym, erriu, ooir, airh very (combined with a y sound)
j yeearree, eeast, yiall, ghiall, ghennal yellow
k cair, keayn, queeyl, peccah, eeck cart, sick
ɡ goo, aggair, aeg good, bag
kione, kesh, ceau, crackan, creck cube, accuse
gien, gennal, guilley, aggindagh argue
ŋ er n'ghoaill, lhongey, lhong sing, bang
ŋʲ er n'ghialdyn, chingys, king angular or sing (followed by y)
ç chiangle, y cheeagh, hiauill hue (pronounced strongly) or German ich
x choodee, hrog, moghey, agh Scots loch, German Bach or Spanish ojo
ɣ gheid, my ghoo Spanish amigo, Greek εγώ or Scots loch (but voiced)
h halley, my haagh, cha hand

Notes and references

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  1. ^ Lewin, C. Aspects of the historical phonology of Manx (2020). Edinburgh. doi:10.7488/era/557.

See also

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