Hebrews 13 is the thirteenth (and the last) chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author is anonymous, although the internal reference to "our brother Timothy" (Hebrews 13:23), caused a traditional attribution to Paul. This attribution has been disputed since the second century, and there is no decisive evidence for the authorship.[1][2] This closing chapter contains the author's concluding exhortations, final benediction and epistolary postscript.[3][4]
| Hebrews 13 | |
|---|---|
James 1 → | |
 The end of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the 1611 edition of the King James Bible. | |
| Book | Epistle to the Hebrews |
| Category | General epistles |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 19 |
Text edit
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The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.
Textual witnesses edit
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Papyrus 46 (c. 175–225; complete)[5]
- Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Papyrus 126 (4th century; extant verses 12-13, 19-20)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ca. 450; complete)
- Codex Freerianus (~450; extant verses 7-9,16-18,23-25)
- Codex Claromontanus (~550)
- Codex Coislinianus (ca. 550; extant verses 24–25)
Old Testament references edit
Concluding Exhortations (13:1–17) edit
Verse 4 edit
- Give honor to marriage, and remain faithful to one another in marriage. God will surely judge people who are immoral and those who commit adultery.[8]
Verse 8 edit
- Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.[9]
Verse 12 edit
- Therefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people with His own blood, suffered outside the gate.[10]
Benediction and Epistolary Postscript (13:18–25) edit
Verse 23 edit
- Know that our brother Timothy has been set free, with whom I shall see you if he comes shortly.[11]
- "Timothy": Paul's companion mentioned multiple times in the New Testament, such as in Acts 16–17, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy,[3] and is known by the recipients of this letter.[12]
- "Set free": can also rendered as "set at liberty" or "dismissed" either from his current duty (sent by the apostle Paul), or released from prison.[12]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Attridge 2007, p. 1236.
- ^ deSilva 2005, p. 201.
- ^ a b Attridge 2007, p. 1254.
- ^ deSilva 2005, p. 203.
- ^ deSilva 2005, p. 202.
- ^ a b "Biblical concordances of Hebrews 13 in the King James Bible".
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 840. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ Hebrews 13:4 NLT
- ^ Hebrews 13:8 NKJV
- ^ Hebrews 13:12 NKJV
- ^ Hebrews 13:23 NKJV
- ^ a b Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible - Hebrews 13:23
Bibliography edit
- Attridge, Harold W. (2007). "75. Hebrews". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1236–1254. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- deSilva, David A. (2005). "Hebrews". In Evans, Craig A. (ed.). Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John's Gospel, Hebrews-Revelation. The Bible Knowledge Series (illustrated ed.). Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. pp. 199–256. ISBN 9780781442282.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763).
External links edit
- Hebrews 13 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)