Harriet Schneider French (1824 – September 5, 1906) was an American physician and temperance movement activist. She was one of Philadelphia's pioneer women in the medical profession,[1] and one of the earliest women in the United States to obtain a diploma as a physician. When she died in 1906, she was the oldest woman physician in the country.[2]
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Early life and education edit
French was born in Philadelphia in 1824.[3] [2] She was a member of the Schneider family, a representative of whom was for several generations grand tyler at the Masonic Temple in Philadelphia, and well known to Allentown Masons.[4]
She received her early education in the public schools of her city.[5]
Sources vary regarding her medical school education. French's obituary in The Allentown Leader states that she was the second woman to receive the degree of M.D. from Hahnemann College.[6] Kirschmann (2004) offers a footnotes that French may have attended Hahnemann College (now known as Drexel University College of Medicine.[7] Drexel University College of Medicine indicates that French received her medical degree in 1864 but doesn't name the institution,[3] only that it was in Pennsylvania.[8] However, The Woman's Medical Journal (1907) states that French received her Medical Degree (M.D.) from Penn Medical University.[9]
Career edit
French began her career as a public school teacher.[4]
After completing medical school, she first practiced Allopathic medicine, but changed to Homeopathy.[2]
French spoke about the relation of alcohol to medicine during the First Woman's National Temperance Convention. She served as president of the Women's Homeopathic Society of Pittsburgh, and for 50 years of the Philadelphia County branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU).[7] In 1871, she was admitted into the American Institute of Homeopathy.[3] In addition to her work against alcohol consumption, French called on the WCTU to fight the cigarette habit.[10]
Around 1900, while crossing a street in the vicinity of her home, she was knocked down by a bicycle and severely injured. A year later, heart trouble had aggravated her physical condition.[11] French died at her home in Philadelphia, from cerebral hemorrhage, September 5, 1906, aged 83.[9]
References edit
- ^ Pennsylvania Medical Journal 1921, p. 446.
- ^ a b c "Dr. Harriet S. French Dead". Newspapers.com. The Philadelphia Inquirer. 7 September 1906. p. 4. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ a b c "Early Women in Homeopathy: A Resource Guide – The Legacy Center". archives.drexelmed.edu. Drexel University College of Medicine. 15 October 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Chat About Your Friends". Newspapers.com. The Morning Call. 3 October 1902. p. 4. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Obituary". Newspapers.com. The Sun. 7 September 1906. p. 4. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Dr. Harriet S. French Dead". Newspapers.com. Allentown, Pennsylvania. The Allentown Leader. 6 September 1906. p. 3. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ a b Kirschmann 2004, p. 52.
- ^ "Partial Index of Women included in Bradford's Scrapbooks who practiced before 1900" (PDF). drexelmed.edu. p. 2. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ a b Recorder Publishing Company 1907, p. 213.
- ^ "Women to Wage War on Tobacco". Newspapers.com. The Philadelphia Inquirer. 4 June 1902. p. 16. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Chat About Your Friends". Newspapers.com. The Morning Call. 7 January 1901. p. 4. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
Attribution edit
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Pennsylvania Medical Journal (1921). Pennsylvania Medical Journal (1897-1923). Vol. 24 (Public domain ed.). Pennsylvania Medical Journal.- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Recorder Publishing Company (1907). The Woman's Medical Journal. Vol. 17 (Public domain ed.). Toledo, Ohio: Recorder Publishing Company.
Bibliography edit
- Kirschmann, Anne Taylor (2004). A Vital Force: Women in American Homeopathy. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3320-9.