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Count Hans Johann Moritz von Hauke (John Maurice Hauke, Polish: Jan Maurycy Hauke; 26 October 1775 – 29 November 1830) was a Polish general and professional soldier of German extraction. He was a member of the Hauke-Bosak family.
 Portrait by Alexander Molinari | |
| Birth name | Johann Moritz Hauke |
| Born | 26 October 1775 Seifersdorf, Saxony |
| Died | 29 November 1830 (aged 55) Warsaw, Congress Kingdom of Poland |
| Allegiance | |
| Service/ | Army |
| Rank | General |
| Commands held | Deputy Minister of War |
| Battles/wars | |
| Awards | |
| Relations |
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Life edit
Hans Moritz was the son of Friedrich Karl Emanuel Hauke (1737–1810), a German professor at the Warsaw Lyceum (an exclusive Prussian school in Warsaw), and served between 1790 and 1793 in the army of Poland during the country's last years of independence. He was an alumnus of Warsaw's Corps of Cadets, and fought in the Kościuszko Uprising, the Polish Legions in France and later served in the army of the Duchy of Warsaw in Austria, Italy, Germany and the Peninsular War. After 1815, Hans Moritz joined the army of Congress Poland, reaching the rank of full general in 1826 and receiving a title of Polish nobility. Recognizing his abilities, Tsar Nicholas I appointed him Deputy Minister of War of Congress Poland and elevated him in 1829 to Count.
In the uprising of 1830 led by revolutionary army cadets, the target was Grand Duke Constantine, Poland's Governor-General. Count Moritz Hauke was on his way to the Grand Duke who managed to escape, but Hauke was shot to death by the cadets on the street of Warsaw before the eyes of his wife, Sophie Lafontaine (daughter of Franz Leopold Lafontaine), and his three younger children. He was riding on a horse beside the carriage of his wife and having met a group of rebels who shouted: "Be our leader, General!" Hauke reprimanded them and told them to go back to their quarters, whereupon they opened fire and killed him. His wife died shortly afterward, and their younger children were made wards of the Tsar, while three elder sons joined the uprising and one of them, Maurice Leopold, fell during the battle of Ostrołęka in 1831 only 27 years old. After his victory over the Poles, the Tsar raised in 1841 an enormous obelisk in Warsaw, which was dedicated to the memory of Hauke and five other Polish generals who "preserved their fidelity to their Monarch". Detested by the inhabitants of the Polish capital, the obelisk was pulled down in 1917.
On 28 October 1851, Hauke's youngest daughter, Countess Julia von Hauke, then lady-in-waiting to Russian Empress Maria Alexandrovna, married Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, Maria's brother. Julia became an ancestress of the Mountbatten family, the British royal family, and the Spanish royal family. Hauke's older daughter, Catharina, became the mistress of Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg.
Orders and decorations edit
- Legion of Honour, 1807
- Virtuti Militari (Knight's Cross, 3rd class, very rarely awarded)
- Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class, 1814
- Order of St. Anna, 1st class, 1815
- Order of St. Anna, 1st class with diamonds, 1818
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1820
- Order of the White Eagle, 1829
Ancestry edit
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See also edit
Sources edit
- Polski Słownik Biograficzny (Polish Dictionary of Biography), vol. 2, Cracow 1938