HMS Scorpion was one of sixteen Beagle-class destroyers in service with the Royal Navy in the First World War. She was built by Fairfields Govan shipyards on the Clyde and was commissioned on 30 August 1910.[1] She was a coal powered ship and as such was obsolete by the end of the First World War and was scrapped in 1921.[2]
_IWM_SP_000592.jpg) Scorpion in Valletta harbour, Malta, 1915
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Scorpion |
| Builder | Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Govan |
| Launched | 19 February 1910 |
| Commissioned | 30 August 1910 |
| Fate | Sold for breaking up, 26 October 1921 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Beagle-class destroyer |
| Displacement | 860–940 long tons (874–955 t) |
| Length | 275 ft (84 m) |
| Beam | 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m) |
| Draught | 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m) |
| Installed power | 12,500 hp (9,300 kW) |
| Propulsion | Coal-fired boilers, 2 or 3 shaft steam turbines |
| Speed | 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) |
| Complement | 96 |
| Armament |
|
Construction and design edit
Scorpion was one of three Beagle-class destroyers ordered from Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company as part of the 1908–1909 shipbuilding programme.[3][4] The Beagles were not built to a standard design, with detailed design being left to the builders of individual ships in accordance with a loose specification.[5]
The three Fairfield ships were 271 feet (82.6 m) long, with a beam of 27.7 feet (8.4 m) and a draught of 8.7 feet 8 inches (2.9 m).[4] Displacement was 916 long tons (931 t) normal.[6] Five Yarrow boilers fed direct-drive Parsons steam turbines driving three propeller shafts.[7] The machinery was rated at 12,000 shp (8,900 kW) giving a design speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h).[8] Gun armament consisted of one BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII and three QF 12-pounder 12 cwt guns.[a] Torpedo armament consisted of two 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. Two spare torpedoes were carried.[9][10] The ship had a crew of 96 officers and men.[7][11]
Scorpion was laid down at Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company's Govan, Glasgow shipyard on 3 May 1909 and was launched on 19 February 1910.[12] She reached a speed of 27.1 kn (31.2 mph; 50.2 km/h) during sea trials,[11] and was completed in August 1910.[12]
Service edit
On commissioning, Scorpion joined the First Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet.[13][14]
The first commander of HMS Scorpion was the then Lieutenant-Commander Andrew Cunningham,[15] who remained in command of the destroyer from January 1911 to January 1918.[16] Early days in Scorpion included the Naval Review of 1911 that stood out in Cunningham's mind as the zenith of British naval power[citation needed] with twenty-six miles of ships including 42 battleships and 68 destroyers.
On 15 November 1911, Scorpion was in collision with the Danish schooner Fyn when the First Flotilla was returning to Harwich after exercises in the English Channel. Scorpion was holed close to her engine room and was towed to port by sister ship Renard, while flooding forced Fyn to be abandoned near the Goodwin Sands.[17] Scorpion was repaired at Chatham Dockyard.[18] In 1912, the destroyers of the Beagle-class transferred to the newly established Third Destroyer Flotilla.[14]
In 1913 the period in home waters came to an end with the Beagle-class, including Scorpion, posted to the Mediterranean, forming the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla.[14]
First World War edit
Scorpion remained as part of the Fifth Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet at the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914.[19] The early part of the war saw her involved in the chase of the German battlecruiser Goeben and cruiser Breslau. Scorpion was one of eight destroyers deployed by Rear Admiral Ernest Troubridge to assist his squadron of Armoured cruisers in stopping the German ships escaping to Austrian waters. When it was realised that Goeben and Breslau were not heading to Austria, Troubridge left these destroyers behind as they did not have sufficient coal left for a high speed pursuit, and set off southwards on the night of 6/7 August 1914 with his four Armoured cruisers. He called off his pursuit later that night because he could not intercept the German squadron until daylight, when Goeben's superior speed and armament would give the Germans a significant advantage.[20][21][22] On 1 November 1914 she and the destroyer Wolverine sank the Turkish armed yacht Beyrout in Vourla harbour, in a search for vessels believed to be involved in minelaying operations in the Gulf of Smyrna.[23][24]
In 1915, she took part in the naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. Initial operations involved escorting minesweepers attempting to clear the minefields in the mouth of the Dardanelles, with Scorpion[b] escorting minesweeping trawlers on the night of 3/4 March 1915.[25] On 4 March, two companies of Royal Marines were landed at Kum Kale and Sedd el Bahr in attempt to ensure that forts and gun batteries damaged in previous naval bombardments were completely demolished.[c] The landings came under heavy fire, and despite gunfire support from ships, including Scorpion, which knocked out a gun battery, the Marines were forced to withdraw without achieving their objectives and were picked up by the supporting ships, with Scorpion's cutter picking up 7 men cut off on a beach. In total 23 Marines were killed or missing and 25 wounded.[28][29][30]
Notes edit
Citations edit
- ^ The Times (London), Wednesday, 31 August 1910, p. 5
- ^ "Beagle Class Destroyer 1909 - 1910". battleships-cruisers.co.uk. Retrieved 20 April 2015.
- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 118, 305–306.
- ^ a b Manning 1961, p. 56
- ^ Brown 2010, p. 68
- ^ "439b: Scorpion. Torpedo boat Destroyer". The Navy List. March 1913. p. 373. Retrieved 6 November 2019 – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ a b Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 73
- ^ Manning 1961, pp. 54, 57
- ^ Friedman 2009, pp. 116, 118
- ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 73–74
- ^ a b Hythe 1912, p. 249
- ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 306
- ^ "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. 33. September 1910. p. 52.
- ^ a b c Manning 1961, p. 25
- ^ "439b.: Scorpion. (Ch.) Torpedo Boat Destroyer". The Navy List. January 1915. p. 379a – via National Library of Scotland.
- ^ Dorling 1932, p. 20
- ^ "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. 34. December 1911. p. 150.
- ^ "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Chatham Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. 34. January 1912. p. 200.
- ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21 1923, p. 2
- ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21 1923, pp. 34–37
- ^ Massie 2007, pp. 41–43
- ^ Marder 2013, pp. 25–28
- ^ Naval Staff Monograph No. 21 1923, p. 93
- ^ Hart 2013, pp. 27–28
- ^ Dorling 1932, p. 50
- ^ Hart 2013, pp. 28–29
References edit
- Brown, David K. (2010). The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906–1922. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-085-7.
- Corbett, Julian S. (1920). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. I: To the Battle of the Falklands. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
- Corbett, Julian S. (1921). History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Vol. II. London: Longmans Green. OCLC 1185863.
- Dorling, Taprell (1932). Endless Story: Being an account of the work of the Destroyers, Flotilla-Leaders, Torpedo-Boats and Patrol Boats in the Great War. London: Hodder and Stoughton. OCLC 55531197.
- Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
- Hart, Peter (2013). Gallipoli. London: Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-84668-161-5.
- Viscount Hythe, ed. (1912). The Naval Annual 1912. Portsmouth, UK: J. Griffin & Co.
- Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. London: Putnam & Co. Ltd.
- Marder, Arthur J. (2013). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era 1904–1919: Volume II: The War Years: To the Eve of Jutland 1914–1916. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-163-2.
- Massie, Robert K. (2007). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-099-52378-9.
- Monograph No. 4: Operations in the Mediterranean, August 4th–10th, 1914 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. I. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1919. pp. 176–217.
- Monograph No. 21: The Mediterranean 1914–1915 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. VIII. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1923.