ۀ is letter of the Pashto and Persian languages consisting of hāʾ with a hamza above.
| Hā with hamza above | |
|---|---|
| ۀ | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Arabic script |
| Type | Abjad |
| Language of origin | Iranian languages |
| Phonetic usage | Pashto: [ə] Persian: [eje] |
| Unicode codepoint | U+06C0 ۀ ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE [1] U+06C2 ۂ ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE [2] |
| History | |
| Development |
|
| Other | |
| Writing direction | Right-to-left |
Usage edit
In the Pashto alphabet, it is the fortieth letter, known as Kajira He, where it represents the vowel /ə/ and is transliterated ⟨ë⟩.[3]
In Persian, it is not considered a distinct letter of the alphabet but is used when marking ezafe on a word ending in ـه ⟨…e⟩ [e], thus yielding ـهٔ ⟨…e-ye⟩ [eje]. According to one source, this is not actually a hamza but rather a development of the letter ی ye as a diacritic.[4]
In both written Pashto and Persian, it only appears in the final position:
| Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
ۀ | ـۀ | ـۀ | ۀ |
References edit
- ^ "Unicode Utilities: Character Properties". util.unicode.org. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Unicode Utilities: Character Properties". util.unicode.org. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ Ullah, Noor (2011). Pashto Grammar. UK: AuthorHouse. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4567-8007-4.
- ^ "Persian Online – Grammar & Resources: Ezāfe 2". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
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