Gustav Victor Lachmann (3 February 1896 – 30 May 1966) was a German aeronautical engineer who spent most of his professional life working for the British aircraft company Handley Page. He was, with Frederick Handley Page, the co-inventor of the leading edge slot.
Early life edit
Lachmann was born in Dresden, Germany, in 1896, the younger son of Gustav Anton Lachmann, an Austrian industrialist, and his wife, Leopoldine Wilvonseder. He served as a lieutenant in the German Army cavalry during World War I before transferring to the flying corps in 1917 and training as a pilot. During flight training he stalled and crashed, breaking his jaw.
While hospitalised, he turned his mind to the cause of his crash. He concluded that a series of small aerofoils contained within a normal wing section would possess improved low-speed characteristics. He rigged up a primitive flow-visualisation rig using a fan and cigarette smoke to confirm his ideas.[1] He attempted to patent the principle, but the application was initially rejected by the German Patent Office on the basis that there was no proof that it would work. Lachman gave up the idea and enrolled at Darmstadt Technical University, for a course in mechanical engineering and aerodynamics. He graduated in June 1921 and took a job with the Opel factory.
By chance, he read an account of Frederick Handley Page's public demonstration of leading-edge slots given at Cricklewood on 21 October 1921. This encouraged him to renew his patent application. He borrowed DM 1000 from his mother to pay for wind-tunnel tests, to be undertaken by Ludwig Prandtl at Göttingen University and the patent was retrospectively granted as DE 347884.[2] This gave his patent priority over those of Handley Page, but a meeting between the two men settled the matter to mutual advantage, the patent rights being shared, and Lachmann being hired as a consultant by Handley Page Ltd.
In 1923, his doctoral thesis The Slotted Wing and its Importance for Aviation was accepted by Aachen Technical University. He then spent time as a designer at the Schneider aircraft works in Berlin before becoming chief designer at the Albatros aircraft works at Johannisthal in 1925, where he designed the Albatros L 72 and the twin-engined Albatros L 73 eight-passenger transport.
Career edit
In 1926, Lachmann resigned from Albatros to join the Ishikawajima Aircraft Works in Tokyo as a technical adviser. He left Ishikawajima in 1929 to take a job with Handley Page in the United Kingdom as engineer in charge of slot development. In 1932, he was appointed chief designer, designing the H.P 54 Harrow and Hampden aircraft. In 1936, he was appointed to set up a special research department to work on a tailless aircraft design, the Handley Page H.P.75.
Lachmann was regarded with suspicion by the British counter-intelligence service MI5 as a possible spy.[3] On the outbreak of World War II, Lachmann was sent to Quebec on the Duchess of York as an enemy alien[4] and also interned on the Isle of Man,[5] but, after pressure from his employers, he was eventually permitted by the authorities to continue his work for Handley-Page in Lingfield Prison.[6]
In 1949, he became a British citizen. He wanted aircraft to have 'laminar flow control'.[7] The new type of wing was tested on an Avro Lancaster at Cranfield in Bedfordshire.[8]
He retired at the end of 1965, having been research director from 1953.[9] He stayed with Handley-Page for the remainder of his career, eventually becoming head of research, until 5 months before his death at Chorleywood, Hertfordshire, in 1966.
Personal life edit
He married Evelyn Wyatt Gill in 1926 in Kobe in Japan; Evelyn (13 November 1897 - 27 February 1976) had been born in Kobe. Evelyn was the widow of Willie Haigh, son of William Haigh, who had two children. Willie Haigh, when a diplomat, had died in a powerful earthquake in Japan, the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, a magnitude of 8. Willie Haigh was the vice consul of Yokohama, who died on 1 September 1923. Evelyn died in 1976 in Ditchling in East Sussex.
In the mid-1930s he lived in Mill Hill. In 1938 he lived at 'Dalla' on Canons Drive in Canons Park, Edgware.[10] When he was arrested in January 1940, he lived in Edgware, with three children (two step-daughters).[11]
Joan Anne Haigh, one of his step daughters, married Flt Lt Havelock Beacon (15 May 1903 - 11 February 1995), of Shrivenham House in Wiltshire, in July 1942 at St Saviours church on Walton Street, in London.[12] The other step-daughter was Daphne Layman Haigh (1919 - 14 April 2012).
He later lived at 'Alandale' on Berry Lane.[13] His funeral was on Friday 3 June 1966 at a Catholic church in Rickmansworth.[14]
References edit
- ^ Barnes, C.H. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907 London, Putnam 1987 p.125
- ^ Pride and Priority, Musker 2009
- ^ MI5, UK Security Service, Gustav Lachmann, retrieved 21 March 2010
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)[permanent dead link] - ^ Koch, Eric (1985). Deemed suspect : a wartime blunder. Halifax, N.S.: Goodread Biographies. p. 58. ISBN 9780887801389.
- ^ "German intelligence agents and suspected agents: Gustav Lachmann (KV 2/2733-2735)". The National Archives. The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ Ferris, John Robert (2005). Intelligence and strategy : selected essays. Oxford: Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 9780415361941.
- ^ The Scotsman Wednesday 31 January 1962, page 8
- ^ Edinburgh Evening News Wednesday 3 October 1962, page 6
- ^ Coventry Evening Telegraph Wednesday 29 December 1965, page 35
- ^ Finchley Times Friday 30 September 1938, page 6
- ^ Daily Mirror Monday 15 January 1940, page 8
- ^ The Tatler Wednesday 8 July 1942, page 25
- ^ Buckinghamshire Examiner Friday 31 December 1965, page 2
- ^ Buckinghamshire Examiner Friday 10 June 1966, page 10