Wikipedia

Gostha Pal

Gostha Behari Pal (20 August 1896 – 8 April 1976) was an Indian footballer who played primarily as a defender. Nicknamed "the Chinese wall", Pal was the first captain of the India national team,[1][2] played during the 1920s and 30s.[3]

Gostha Pal
Pal on a 1998 stamp of India
Personal information
Full name Gostha Behari Pal
Date of birth (1896-08-20)20 August 1896
Place of birth Bhojeswar, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Bangladesh)
Date of death 8 April 1976(1976-04-08) (aged 79)
Place of death Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Position(s) Centre-back
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1907–1912 Kumartuli AC 11 (0)
1912–1936 Mohun Bagan 617 (43)
International career
1924–1935 India 37 (5)
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Spending most of his career in Mohun Bagan, Pal is regarded as the best Indian defender of all time and best player ever to have played for the century-old club.[4][5]

Personal life edit

Born on 20 August 1896 in Bhojeswar, Faridpore, Bengal Presidency (now in Bangladesh),[6] Pal was son of Baboo Shyamlal Pal, a businessman.[7] He moved to Calcutta when he was an infant and lived there till his final days. Pal was a student of Sarada Charan Aryan Institution in Beniatola.[8]

Even if you did not find it necessary to inform us about your marriage, it is my responsibility to bless you on behalf of the Club. After we won the 1911 IFA Shield, I got 12 of these badges made. I gave 11 to the 11 players and still have the 12th one with me. I had thought I will give it to someone who will carry forward the tradition and heritage of Mohun Bagan, someone who will always be with the Club.

— Major Sailen Bose, then secretary of Mohun Bagan, after giving the Mohun Bagan badge to Pal after his marriage.[8]

Since his childhood, he used to play both football and cricket, alongside hockey and tennis.[7] He later represented Mohun Bagan cricket team many times.[8] Pal was married to Pushpa Kundu and gave birth their sons Nirangshu and Sukumar.[9][8] He was influenced by legendary footballer Shibdas Bhaduri and choose football later, after watching Mohun Bagan's historic IFA Shield victory in 1911 from gallery.[10]

Pal went to Vidyasagar College in Calcutta and came close to then principal Saradaranjan Ray,[7] who is regarded as father of cricket in Bengal. He was given the title "Chowdhury" during British Raj, but never used it due to nationalist sentiments.[11] Pal went on to write his autobiography which is unfinished and unpublished.[7]

Club career edit

Sir Dukhiram Majumder was the father figure of football in India during the pre-independence era, credited for bringing up players like Pal,[12][13] Shibdas Bhaduri and others.[14][15][16] He was also groomed and coached by Rajen Sen and Major Sailen Bose.[17]

"I see, you are Goshto Pal, the Chinese Wall."

— Rabindranath Tagore, Asia's first Nobel laureate, addressed Pal after meeting him, after arrival of Mohun Bagan players in Santiniketan.[18]

Nicknamed as "Chiner Pracheer" (The Great Wall of China),[19][20] Pal was one of the best defenders of contemporary Indian football.[21] He started playing for Kumartuli Athletic Club at the age of 11, and was spotted there by Kalicharan Mitra,[22] also known as Kali Mittir, one of only two Indian members in the governing body of the Indian Football Association (IFA) at the time. Mittir was influential and well-connected in the Indian football scene, and the first to identify Pal's unique defence techniques. He was signed by Mohun Bagan at the age of 16,[23] as a replacement for Reverend Sudhir Chatterjee.[8] After joining the team, he played in the 1914 Calcutta Football League second division; Mohun Bagan for the first time played in the tournament and finished third with only the top non-military team be promoted to CFL 1st Division.[9] They played their first match of the first division on 15 May 1915 against Calcutta Cricket and Football Club, which was drawn.[24] In 1916, he appeared in Asanullah Cup in Decca, in which they went down to Sovabazar Club in final.[25]

Gostha Imapegnable as the Chinese Wall

— The proverb on Gostha Pal, was written by a British journalist under the pseudonym "Red Rose" in The Englishman.[7]

Playing barefooted, Pal faced problems in his early games but regained his composure quickly to mark his monopoly in the defence, and is unanimously praised for his contributions in defence in the match against British team Black Watch.[18] In 1921, Gostho Paul was honoured with the captaincy of the Mohun Bagan football team, and he remained as the club captain for next 5 years.[26] He gained legendary status in 1923 when Mohun Bagan participated at the Rovers Cup in Bombay and defeated several English teams to reach the final,[18] the first Indian team to do so[27][28] – but lost 4–1 to a technically superior team 2nd Battalion of Durham Light Infantry.[29][30] In the same year, they defeated Calcutta Cricket and Football Club, the oldest football club in the country with having Europeans in squad, for the first time in the return leg of CFL.[4] In 1925, Mohun Bagan became the first civilian Indian team to be invited to the oldest football tournament in Asia, Durand Cup, where they lost to Sherwood Foresters in the semi-finals.[31][32]

On 28 May 1925, he captained Mohun Bagan at the first official match of Kolkata Derby against East Bengal in the Calcutta Football League,[33][34] in their 1–0 defeat.[35][36] In the 1930s, Pal played for Mohun Bagan alongside some of club's legendary players including Karuna Bhattacharya, Syed Abdus Samad,[37][38] Umapati Kumar,[39] Balaidas Chatterjee,[40][41] Sanmatha Dutta, Bimal Mukherjee, and Satu Chowdhury.[42][43] Beside playing for Mohun Bagan, Pal was invited to join newly formed East Bengal Club by its founder president Suresh Chandra Chaudhari in 1920; he joined the team and appeared as captain in Hercules Cup, a 'seven-a-side' competition, and they managed to win title.[44][45][46][47][48]

During a match between Mohun Bagan and Calcutta FC in 1935, Pal protested against the biased refereeing, that angered then British-dominated Indian Football Association.[49] He retired from football in 1936.[17]

International career edit

Between 1924 and 1935, during the British rule in the country, Pal represented India national football team in their tours to Ceylon and Australia.[50] He took part, and also captained in India's earliest known matches against visiting European teams.[17] In 1924, he was appointed captain of the national team consisted both Indian and British players, that toured to Ceylon.[51] Thus, he became India's first captain and the tour became first known official international tour by the team.[51]

Pal was again selected in the Indian team for an away match against Ceylon in 1933 as the captain of IFA XI. He played against Ceylon in 1933 and led his side to 1–0 victory.[52][53] In next year, he missed an opportunity to play for India in their South Africa tour due to injury, in which Sanmatha Dutta succeeded him in leading the team.[54]

Post-playing career edit

After retirement, Pal was associated with Mohun Bagan and scouted players for the team.[55] In 1948, he took up the responsibility of secretaryship of the club temporarily when Balaidas Chatterjee went on to guide India at the Summer Olympics in London.[56]

Beside football, Pal also appeared in the silent era movie Gouri Shankar, which was directed by Anandamohan Roy, produced by National Pictures Limited, and released on 26 October 1932.[7][57]

Death edit

People know me because of this Mohun Bagan jersey. This jersey and club have taught me how to play. This is my most favorite possession. I respect this Green and Maroon jersey. I have told my sons that after I die, they must lay the jersey on me during my last journey. This is my last wish.

— Pal showing love for Mohun Bagan before death.[58]

Pal died on 8 April 1976 in Kolkata, aged 79.

Legacy edit

 
The statue of Gostha Pal at the Kolkata Maidan.

After his death, a statue was erected in memory of him at the Gostha Pal Sarani (named after him)[59][60] in 1984, in opposite to the Eden Gardens at Kolkata Maidan area.[61] The statue was unveiled by then PWD minister Jatin Chakraborty.[7]

In 1998, a postage stamp dedicated to Pal, was unveiled in Calcutta by the India Post.[17] Thus, he became the first Indian footballer to have a commemorative postage stamp in his honour.[62] Later, within Mohun Bagan club tent, a museum has been built in his name.[7] Gostha Pal Championship, named after him, under the aegis of All India Football Federation's 'Golden Baby Leagues', was incorporated to include more children from Kolkata into the football culture.[63] In memory of him, Gostha Pal Football Academy was incorporated by the Government of West Bengal, in which noted Indian player Prasun Banerjee served as chief advisor.[64]

Honours edit

Mohun Bagan[65][66]

Awards

  •   Padma Shri in 1962,[67][68] fourth highest civilian award in India (first footballer to receive the honour).[69][70][71]
  • Mohun Bagan AC awarded him the Mohun Bagan Ratna posthumously, which is given to former greats of that club, in 2004. The family of Gostha Pal returned the Mohun Bagan Ratna to Mohun Bagan Club in 2019 in protest of the lackadaisical attitude of the club towards the legend's memorabilia.[72][73]

See also edit

References edit

Cited sources

  1. ^ Hassan, Mehedi (1 August 2018). "ভারত যেদিন নেমেছিল খালি পায়ে..." [The day India landed barefoot ...]. www.prothomalo.com (in Bengali). Prothom Alo. Archived from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  2. ^ Basu, Jaydeep (29 March 2022). "Indian football: Of captains and controversies". scroll.in. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  3. ^ "Top 10 Bengali footballers in the history of Indian football". khelnow.com. Khel Now. Archived from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Mohun Bagan Ratna — Late Balaidas Chatterjee to receive the award posthumously". www.mohunbaganac.com. Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. 26 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  5. ^ Kapadia, Novy (7 June 2015). "Mohun Bagan: Blaze of Glory". indianexpress.com. The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 22 February 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  6. ^ "OUR SPORTSMEN: Gostha Pal". 123india.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Chakraborty, Rana (20 August 2019). "প্রাচীরের নাম গোষ্ঠ পাল" [The Wall Named Gostha Pal]. ekhonkhobor.com (in Bengali). Kolkata: Ekhon Khobor Bangla. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e Majumdar, Boria (9 May 2013). "Gostha Behari Paul: A footballer who kicked like no other a century ago". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Kolkata: The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b Zachariah, Serene Sarah; Hegde, Vinayak (20 August 2020). "A Legend Without Shoes, This 'Chinese Wall' Was Once India's Favourite Footballer". thebetterindia.com. The Better India. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  10. ^ Saha, Nirmal Kumar (29 July 2020). "বিপ্র-কুটিরের 'পঞ্চম পাণ্ডব' শিবদাস" ['Fifth Pandava' Shibdas of Bipra-Kutir]. thecalcuttamirror.com (in Bengali). Kolkata: The Calcutta Mirror. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  11. ^ Gupta, Arpan (29 July 2021). "'জেল না-খাটা স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামী' গোষ্ঠ পাল; ব্রিটিশদের অন্যায়ের প্রতিবাদে ছেড়েছিলেন ফুটবলও" ['Freedom fighter who was never in jail' – Gostha Pal; He also left football to protest the injustice of the British]. prohor.in (in Bengali). Kolkata: Prohor Bengali. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  12. ^ Majumdar, Rounak (22 April 2019). "The Golden Years of Indian Football". www.chaseyoursport.com. Kolkata: Chase Your Sport. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  13. ^ Dasgupta, Biplab (11 October 2020). "প্রসঙ্গঃ স্যার দুখীরাম মজুমদার" [Context: Sir Dukhiram Majumdar]. justnews24x7official.com (in Bengali). Kolkata: Just News 24×7. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  14. ^ Mondal, Avik (4 December 2020). "শিবদাস ভাদুড়ী, গোষ্ঠ পাল সকলেই তাঁর ছাত্র, বাঙালি মনে রাখেনি বাংলার ফুটবলের প্রথম কোচ দুখীরাম মজুমদারকে". banglaamarpran567383012.wpcomstaging.com (in Bengali). Bangla Amar Pran – The glorious hub for the Bengal. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  15. ^ Webdesk, Xtratime Bangla (21 April 2020). "ভাইপোকে পোস্টে বেঁধে লাথি মেরে ছিলেন স্যার দুখিরাম মজুমদার…" [Sir Dukhiram Majumdar tied his nephew to a post and kicked him...]. xtratimebangla.in (in Bengali). Kolkata: Xtratime Bangla. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  16. ^ Mitra, Atanu (9 October 2017). "A 19th century visionary: The legend behind one of India's first football scouts". scroll.in. Kolkata: Scroll. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  17. ^ a b c d Das, G. C. (14 September 2008). "Indian Legendary Football Players Profile: GOSTHO PAL — THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA — GREAT ICON OF KOLKATA FOOTBALL". kolkatafootball.com. Kolkata Football. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
  18. ^ a b c "Gostha Pal – IFAWB: biography". ifa.org. Indian Football Association. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  19. ^ "GOSTHO PAL – THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA – GREAT ICON OF KOLKATA FOOTBALL". kolkatafootball.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  20. ^ Sengupta, Somnath (20 August 2011). "LEGENDS OF INDIAN FOOTBALL : GOSTHA PAL". thehardtackle.com. The Hard Tackle. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  21. ^ Majumdar, Boria; Bandyopadhyay, Kausik (1 February 2006). Goalless: The Story of a Unique Footballing Nation. New Delhi: Penguin India. ISBN 9780670058747. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022.
  22. ^ "IFAWB: Nagendra Prasad Sarbadhikari". ifawb.org. Kolkata: Indian Football Association. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  23. ^ "Club Day: Mohun Bagan – All Time Best XI". www.goal.com. Goal. 7 October 2008. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  24. ^ Andrew Flint (11 November 2015). "A Tale of One City: Kolkata". These Football Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  25. ^ "Mohun Bagan Athletic Club: Umapati Kumar". mohunbagangorbo.com. Kolkata. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  26. ^ IANS (12 July 2015). "Mohun Bagan to honour legend Karuna Bhattacharya | Business Standard News". Business Standard India. Business-standard.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  27. ^ Mukherjee, Anita (10 July 2021). "MOHUN BAGAN VILLA – GONE, BUT NOT FORGOTTEN". Breathing Roots. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  28. ^ Sengupta, Somnath (2 May 2010). "History Of Mohun Bagan (Part 1): The Success That Changed Indian Football". The Hard Tackle. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  29. ^ Bolsmann, Chris; Vahed, Goolam (2 November 2017). "'They Are Fine Specimens of the Illustrious Indian Settler': Sporting Contact between India and South Africa, 1914–1955". Journal of Southern African Studies. 43 (6): 1273–1291. doi:10.1080/03057070.2017.1379689. ISSN 0305-7070. S2CID 148862123. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  30. ^ "India – List of Rovers Cup Finals". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  31. ^ Nag, Utathya; Peter, Naveen (25 August 2021). "Durand Cup in focus as India's oldest football tournament seeks revival". Olympics. Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  32. ^ "Top 10 moments in Durand Cup history". Khel Now. 27 July 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  33. ^ Majumdar, Boria (13 February 2017). "The real meaning of the Kolkata Derby". Economic Times Blog. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  34. ^ "The real meaning of the Kolkata Derby". Economic Times Blog. 13 February 2017. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  35. ^ "100 years of Kolkata derby". 19 February 2021. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  36. ^ "Kolkata derby history". Indian Super League. 27 November 2020. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  37. ^ Sengupta, Somnath (24 April 2012). "Legends Of Indian Football : The Pioneers". thehardtackle.com. The Hard Tackle. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  38. ^ Majumdar, Boria; Bandyopadhyay, Kausik (1 February 2006). Goalless: The Story of a Unique Footballing Nation. New Delhi: Penguin India. ISBN 9780670058747. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022.
  39. ^ Nasar, S. A. (2020). "SAMAD: FOOTBALL WIZARD OF INDIA". Booksie. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  40. ^ "Balai Das Chatterjee is Mohun Bagan Ratna 2013". Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  41. ^ "Balaidas Chatterjee". themohunbaganac.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  42. ^ "Era of Legends – 1930 to 1939". Mohun Bagan Club. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  43. ^ "Mohun Bagan to honour legend Karuna Bhattacharya". Business Standard. 12 July 2015. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  44. ^ "ইস্টবেঙ্গলের প্রথম অধিনায়ক ছিলেন 'মোহনবাগান রত্ন' গোষ্ঠ পাল" [East Bengal's first captain was 'Mohun Bagan Ratna' Goshta Pal]. bongodorshon.com (in Bengali). Bongodorshon Information Desk. 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  45. ^ Roy, Gautam (1 January 2021). East Bengal 100. Allsport Foundation. ISBN 978-8194763109.
  46. ^ "The Rise of East Bengal Club". East Bengal Football Club. Archived from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  47. ^ "An Eventful Journey Through Red & Gold Trails – The East Bengal Story (Part 1)". thehardtackle.com. The Hard Tackle. 2 August 2010. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  48. ^ "SportMob – Best Indian football players of all time". SportMob.com. 12 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  49. ^ Bag, Shamik (27 December 2010). "The uncommon green | In the heart of Kolkata, the Maidan is a great level playing field". espncricinfo.com. Kolkata: ESPN. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  50. ^ "The passage of football in India". ifawb.org. Kolkata: Indian Football Association. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  51. ^ a b "History in Timeline of Indian Football". the-aiff.org. All India Football Federation. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  52. ^ "INDIA FOOTBALL". 13 March 2015. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  53. ^ "Gostha Pal". 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  54. ^ "Barefoot tourists, 1934". PressReader. The Mercury. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  55. ^ Mitra, Atanu (19 July 2015). "Legendary Indian coach Sushil Bhattacharya passes away". www.goal.com. Kolkata: Goal. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  56. ^ "History of Mohun Bagan – Presented by MohunBaganClub.com: 1940–1949". Kolkata: Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. 2014. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  57. ^ "Gouri Shankar (1932)". cinemaazi.com. Indian Cinema Haritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  58. ^ "GOSTHO PAL — THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA". mohunbaganclub.com. Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. Archived from the original on 27 June 2010. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  59. ^ "People forgetting Gostha Paul: Son". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Kolkata: The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 20 August 2009. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  60. ^ "The Centenary – 1980 to 1989". Mohun Athletic Bagan Club. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  61. ^ Mamata Banerjee pays homage to legendary footballer Gostha Pal on his birth anniversary Archived 9 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine New Indian Express. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  62. ^ "Former footballer Chuni Goswami honoured with commemorative stamp". sportstar.thehindu.com. Sportstar. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  63. ^ "Here is how Gostha Pal Golden Baby League is improving the lives of children in Kolkata". KhelNow.com. AIFF. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  64. ^ "Home — Prasun Banerjee — Member of Parliament of India". Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  65. ^ "Creation of History – 1910 to 1919". Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  66. ^ "Countrywide success – 1920 to 1929". Mohun Bagan Club. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  67. ^ "History of Mohun Bagan AC: 1960 to 1969". Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  68. ^ Mukherjee, Soham (30 April 2020). "1960–1965: When Chuni Goswami & co propelled Mohun Bagan to the zenith of success". Goal. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  69. ^ Patronobish, S; Das Sharma, Amitabha (15 April 2006). ""India's greatest footballer" (about Sailen Manna)". hinduonnet.com. Sportstar. The Hindu. Archived from the original on 8 January 2007.
  70. ^ Chaudhuri, Arunava (2000). "National Award winning Footballers". indianfootball.de. IndianFootball. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  71. ^ "We remember Gostha Paul, the first footballer to be conferred the Padma Shri, on his 127th birth anniversary". Twitter.com (@IndianFootball). All India Football Federation. 20 August 2023. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  72. ^ Mohun Bagan misplaced Gostha Pal's Padma Shri award, claims son Archived 9 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Outlook India. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  73. ^ "Mohun Bagan Ratna – The Jewels of Mohun Bagan". mohunbaganac.com. Mohun Bagan Athletic Club. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links edit

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gostha_Pal&oldid=1216473300"