Gizhigin Bay[1][2][3][4][5] (Russian: Гижигинская губа, Gizhiginskaya Guba) is a wide bay northwest of Kamchatka, Russia. It is the northwestern arm of Shelikhov Bay in the northeast corner of the Sea of Okhotsk. The settlements of Evensk and Gizhiga are located at the head of the bay.
| Gizhigin Bay | |
|---|---|
| Гижигинская губа | |
 Location in the Sea of Okhotsk | |
  Gizhigin Bay Location in Magadan Oblast | |
| Location | Severo-Evensky District |
| Coordinates | 61°15′N 158°25′E / 61.250°N 158.417°E |
| River sources | Gizhiga |
| Ocean/sea sources | Sea of Okhotsk |
| Basin countries | Russia |
| Settlements | Evensk, Gizhiga |
Geography and climate edit
Gizhigin Bay is entered between Cape Aregichinsky (60°30' N, 155°27' E) and Cape Taygonos (60°34' N, 160°11' E). The Taygonos Peninsula separates it from Penzhina Bay to the east. It is about 260 km (about 160 mi) west to east by 148 km (about 92 mi) north to south and has a maximum depth of 88 m (about 289 ft). The coast is steep and rocky and there are no completely safe anchorages within the bay. 221 km (137 mi) long river Gizhiga flows into the head of the bay.
Spring tides rise 6.7 m (22 ft) at the entrance of the bay and 7.9 m (26 ft) at its head, while neaps rise 2.7 to 3.3 m (8.9 to 10.8 ft). The flood current sets to the north, while the ebb flows to the south. During spring tides these currents may reach up to 2.5 knots near Cape Taygonos. During the season of navigation the southeast part of the bay experiences dense fogs, with May and June being the foggiest months; in August, however, fog is rare. South winds are prevalent in the summer, while north winds are frequent in the fall and the first part of winter. Storms are common from the second half of September to November. In the winter, northwest winds prevail, which are interrupted by blizzards from the northeast. Gentle winds and calms occur in April and May.[6]
History edit
American whaleships hunted bowhead and gray whales in the bay from the 1860s to 1900.[7][8] Some traded with the natives.[9]
Fauna edit
Pacific herring are common[10] and in the spring and summer there are a number of large colonies of common murre in the bay.[11] In the spring and summer beluga whales aggregate in the bays and estuaries at the head of the bay to feed on spawning herring, smelt, and salmon.[12] In the spring bowhead whales can also be seen in the bay.[13]
References edit
- ^ Bartholomew, J. (1960). Simmons-Boardman world atlas. New York: Simmons-Boardman Books.
- ^ Geptner, V. G., Nasimovich, A. A., Bannikov, A. G., Hoffmann, R. S., & Sludskii, A. A. (1988). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.
- ^ Moreva, I. N., & Borisenko, S. A. (2017). The karyotype of the great sculpin, Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus (Pallas, 1814)(Pisces: Cottidae), from the Russian part of the species range. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 43(1), 76-82.
- ^ Kul’bachnyi, S. E., & Ivankov, V. N. (2011). Temporal differentiation and conditions of reproduction of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) from the Tugur River basin (Khabarovsk Krai). Journal of Ichthyology, 51(1), 63-72.
- ^ Shulezhko, T. S., Gorin, S. L., Koval, M. V., Solovyov, B. A., Glazov, D. M., & Rozhnov, V. V. (2018). Key Factors Determining the Distribution of Beluga Whales, Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776), in River Estuaries of Western Kamchatka. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 44(4), 274-282.
- ^ National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. (2014). Sailing Directions (Enroute): East Coast of Russia. U.S. Government, Springfield, Virginia.
- ^ Florida, of Fairhaven, Aug. 27, 1861, in One Whaling Family (Williams, 1964); Governor Troup, of New Bedford, June 9–17, June 27-July 4, 1863, Kendall Whaling Museum (KWM); Sea Breeze, of New Bedford, May 23–28, June 7–17, July 1–3, 1868, Old Dartmouth Historical Society (ODHS); Mary and Helen II, of San Francisco, May 21–25, July 6–8, 1885, KWM.
- ^ Allen, J. A. (1903). "Report of the mammals collected in northeastern Siberia by the Jesup North Pacific expedition with itinerary and field notes, by N. G. Buxton". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XIX, pp. 101-184.
- ^ Sea Breeze, of New Bedford, Aug. 19-21, 1867, May 25, 1868, ODHS.
- ^ Gorbatenko, K.M., Lazhentsev, A.E., and S.V. Loboda. (2004). "Distribution, feeding, and some physiological parameters of the Pacific herring from the Gizhigin and Okhotsk populations in the north part of the Sea of Okhotsk in the spring season". Russian Journal of Marine Biology, Vol. 30, Issue 5, pp. 298-305.
- ^ Kondratyev, A. Y., Litvinenko, N. M., Shibaev, Y. V., Vyatkin, P. S., & Kondratyeva, L. F. (2000). "The breeding seabirds of the Russian Far East". Seabirds of the Russian Far East, 37-81.
- ^ Solovyev, B. A., Shpak, O. V., Glazov, D. M., Rozhnov, V. V., & D. M. Kuznetsova. (2015). "Summer distribution of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in the Sea of Okhotsk". Russian J. Theriol. 14 (2): 201-215.
- ^ Moore, S. E., and R. R. Reeves (1993). "Distribution and Movement". In Burns, J. J.; Montague, J. J.; and Cowles, C. J. The Bowhead Whale. Special Publication No. 2: The Society for Marine Mammalogy.
- Location Archived 2008-01-09 at the Wayback Machine