Galium parisiense is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae known by the common name wall bedstraw. A native of the Mediterranean area and Western Europe, it has become naturalised in North America and other parts of Europe.
| Wall bedstraw | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Galium |
| Species: | G. parisiense
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| Binomial name | |
| Galium parisiense | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description edit
It is an annual herb producing lightly hairy, very thin, much-branched, erect stems 15–25 centimetres (6–10 in) tall. The stem is ringed with whorls of usually six (range four to seven) narrow linear or linear-lanceolate leaves, each a few millimetres long, and often reflexed downwards toward the stem. Each stem is topped with an open inflorescence of many clusters of tiny greenish-white or purplish-tinged flowers. The fruit is a nutlet densely coated in slender hooked bristles. It flowers between June and August.[2][3]
Distribution and habitat edit
Wall bedstraw is native to the Mediterranean Basin of southern Europe and northern Africa, plus Turkey, Iran, and the islands of the eastern North Atlantic (Great Britain, Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde). The species is also naturalized in some parts of North America, mostly on the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada but also at scattered locales in the southeastern US from Texas to Maryland.[1][4][5][6] In its native range, Galium parisiense is typically found on hillsides and stream-banks.[3] When introduced, it may appear in urban environments such as among cobble stones in Ghent and in railway marshalling yards in Antwerp.[7]
It often grows in rocky habitats. In areas with significant human disturbance, it is a "wall specialist", easily taking hold in historic stone walls.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSPF), Galium parisiense
- ^ Hickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
- ^ a b Ferris, Roxana Stinchfield; Abrams, LeRoy (1960). Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Bignonias to Sunflowers. Stanford University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8047-0006-1.
- ^ "Galium parisiense". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ "Galium anglicum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. G. anglicum treated as distinct by BONAP but as a synonym of G. parisiense by WCSPF
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Galium parisiense
- ^ "Galium parisiense". Manual of the alien plants of Belgium. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ^ Grenville, Jane. (1999). Managing the Historic Rural Landscape. Routledge. page 158.
External links edit
Media related to Galium parisiense at Wikimedia Commons- Jepson Manual Treatment
- USDA Plants Profile
- Galium parisiense in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
