Furcifer nicosiai is a large species of chameleon, a lizard in the family Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to western Madagascar. Described as new to science in 1999, it was ranked as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It has only been found in the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park at levels of 57 and 571 metres (187 and 1,873 feet) above mean sea level.
| Furcifer nicosiai | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Chamaeleonidae |
| Genus: | Furcifer |
| Species: | F. nicosiai
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| Binomial name | |
| Furcifer nicosiai | |
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Etymology edit
The specific name, nicosiai, is in honor of Guido Nicosia, Italian Ambassador to Madagascar (1996–1999).[2]
Description edit
Furcifer nicosiai is relatively large, and has a high parietal crest (a central ridge down the front of the casque), but lacks appendages on its snout (rostrum). It features canthi rostrales that are separated, a poorly developed gular crest (a row of small spines running down the centre of the throat), a distinctive rostral profile, a complete ventral crest (a row of small conical scales extending down the centre of the belly) and a poorly developed dorsal crest extending from the neck region to the tail. It is similar in appearance to Furcifer verrucosus, with which it is similarly sexually dimorphic. Furcifer nicosiai can be distinguished from F. verrucosus by its smaller size, different colour patterns, and the orientation of its hemipenis.[3]
Distribution and habitat edit
Furcifer nicosiai is found in the limestone outcrops in a small area of west Madagascar, in the Melaky Region, north of the Manambolo River. It has only been found in the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park (Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha) though there is a possibility that it may also be found further north.[1] The size of the park is 1,566 square kilometres (605 square miles), although it is not fully covered with forest habitat suitable for this species.[4] It has been recorded between 57 and 571 metres (187 and 1,873 feet) above mean sea level.[4][5] The IUCN has ranked Furcifer nicosiai as an Endangered species.[1][6] Its population is believed to be in decline. The major threat to the species is the fragmentation, loss and degradation of the forest it lives in, which includes damaging human activities like agriculture, logging,[1] and the clearing of land by fire.[1]
Taxonomy edit
Furcifer nicosiai was initially described by Jesu, Matioli and Schimmenti in 1999.[7][8] The type specimens were collected in February and March 1997, during the rainy season.[3] Furcifer oustaleti, Furcifer verrucosus and Furcifer nicosiai group of Chamaeleonidae may well contain other undescribed species and needs a major revision according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Jenkins, R.K.B.; Andreone, F.; Andriamazava, A.; Anjeriniaina, M.; Brady, L.; Glaw, F.; Griffiths, R.A.; Rabibisoa, N.; Rakotomalala, D.; Randrianantoandro, J.C.; Randrianiriana, J.; Randrianizahana , H.; Ratsoavina, F.; Robsomanitrandrasana, E. (2011). "Furcifer nicosiai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T172869A6932582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T172869A6932582.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Furcifer nicosiai, p. 190).
- ^ a b Jesu R, Mattioli F, Schimmenti G (1999). "On the discovery of a new large chameleon inhabiting the limestone outcrops of western Madagascar: Furcifer nicosai sp. nov. (Reptilia, Chamaeleonidae)". Doriana. 12 (311): 1–14. ISSN 0417-9927.
- ^ a b "Furcifer nicosiai - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Eol.org. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- ^ "Furcifer nicosiai | The Reptile Database". Reptile-database.reptarium.cz. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- ^ "Chameleon photo - Furcifer nicosiai - G26163". ARKive. Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Furcifer nicosiai ". Itis.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- ^ "On the discovery of a new large chameleon inhabiting the limestone outcrops of western Madagascar: Furcifer nicosiai (Reptilla, Chamaeleonidae)" (PDF). Itis.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-30. Retrieved 2012-12-01.