Florence Bayard Hilles (1865–1954) was an American suffragist, one of the founders of the National Woman's Party.
Florence Bayard Hilles | |
|---|---|
 Hilles, ca. 1916 | |
| Born | Florence Bayard 1865 |
| Died | 1954 (aged 88–89) |
| Nationality | American |
| Spouse | William S. Hilles |
Biography edit
Hilles was born in 1865, the daughter of Thomas Francis Bayard, a member of the politically prominent Bayard family. She was a munitions worker in World War I, and worked for a time in France following the war's end.[1] After hearing Mabel Vernon speak at the Delaware State Fair in 1913, she joined the suffrage movement.[2][3] In 1914, Hilles was voted to be the head of the Delaware Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage chapter. During her presidency, division between the Congressional Union and the Delaware Equal Suffrage Association emerged.[4]: 52–53 That year she organized the first parade advocating for women's suffrage in Delaware. Held on May 2 in Wilmington, in conjunction with other parades across the nation, it had over 400 attendees.[3][5]
On a 1916 suffrage tour, she was the principal speaker, and in Seattle scattered flyers from a seaplane. In 1917, she was elected to the national board of the National Woman's party.[6] Hilles served as a Silent Sentinel, picketing the White House, leading women in a "Grand Picket" on March 4, 1917. She was the chairwoman of the Delaware branch of the National Woman's Party.[2]
The White House picket continued into July. Sixteen women, including Hilles, Annie Arniel, and Dora Lewis, were arrested on July 14, 1917. sent to Occoquan Virginia Workhouse.[7]
In 1919, she was prominent at the "Watchfire demonstrations". An advocate of the Equal Rights Amendment, she was viewed as one of the most prominent supporters of the amendment.[6] From 1933-1936, she served as the National Chairman of the National Woman's Party. She married William S. Hilles, a lawyer.[8] The Sewall–Belmont House and Museum's library, the Florence Bayard Hilles Research Library (also the oldest Feminist library in the United States) was founded by her. Hilles died in 1954.[6]
In Votes for Delaware Women, scholar Anne M. Boylan describes Hilles as "perhaps the most visible of Delaware's" militant suffragettes.[4]: 4
Personal life edit
She married William S. Hilles, a lawyer.[5] Her brother, Thomas F. Bayard Jr., was a US Senator and advocate against women's suffrage.[4]: 165
References edit
- ^ "F[lorence] B[ayard] Hilles". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
- ^ a b "Florence Bayard Hilles (1865 – 1954)". Turning Point Suffragist Memorial. 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2019-06-24.
- ^ a b Frank, Bill (1986-03-09). "Selectors missed a great one". The Morning News. p. 84. Archived from the original on 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-03-06 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Boylan, Anne M. (2021). Votes for Delaware Women. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 978-1-64453-207-2.
- ^ a b Hoffecker, Carol E. (Spring–Summer 1983). "Delaware's Woman Suffrage Campaign" (PDF). Delaware History. XX: 149–167. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
- ^ a b c "Florence Bayard Hilles | National Woman's Party". nationalwomansparty.org. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
- ^ "Florence Bayard Hilles". Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 2015-11-01. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
- ^ "Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1865-1954". nationalwomansparty.pastperfectonline.com. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2017-11-12.