File:Hubble Showcases Hamilton’s Object.jpg

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Description	English: This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope snapshot shows three magnified images of a distant galaxy embedded in a cluster of galaxies. These images are produced by a trick of nature called gravitational lensing. The galaxy cluster's immense gravity magnifies and distorts the light from the distant galaxy behind it, creating the multiple images. The galaxy cluster, catalogued as SDSS J223010.47-081017.8, is 7 billion light-years from Earth. Hubble has observed many gravitationally lensed galaxies. However, the images spotted in this Hubble snapshot are unique. Two of the magnified images, shown in the pull-out at bottom right, are exact copies of each other. The two bright ovals are the cores of the galaxy. This rare phenomenon occurs because the background galaxy straddles a ripple in the fabric of space. This “ripple” is an area of greatest magnification, caused by the gravity of dense amounts of dark matter, the unseen glue that makes up most of the universe's mass. As light from the faraway galaxy passes through the cluster along this ripple, two mirror images are produced, along with a third imagethat can be seen off to the side. A close-up of the third image is shown in the pull-out at top right. This image most closely resembles the remote galaxy, which is located more than 11 billion light-years away. Based on a reconstruction of this image, the researchers determined that the distant galaxy appears to an edge-on, barred spiral with ongoing, clumpy star formation. The mirror images are named “Hamilton’s Object" for the astronomer who discovered them.
Date	7 October 2021, 17:00:00
Source	https://esahubble.org/images/opo2146a/
Author	NASA, ESA, Richard E. Griffiths (UH Manoa), Jenny Wagner (ZAH). Joseph DePasquale (STScI)

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	14:54, 12 October 2021		1,280 × 1,024 (216 KB)	Pandreve	Uploaded a work by NASA, ESA, Richard E. Griffiths (UH Manoa), Jenny Wagner (ZAH). Joseph DePasquale (STScI) from https://esahubble.org/images/opo2146a/ with UploadWizard

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Author	Space Telescope Science Institute Office of Public Outreach
Credit/Provider	NASA, ESA, Richard E. Griffiths (UH Manoa), Jenny Wagner (ZAH). Joseph DePasquale (STScI)
Source	ESA/Hubble
Image title	This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope snapshot shows three magnified images of a distant galaxy embedded in a cluster of galaxies. These images are produced by a trick of nature called gravitational lensing. The galaxy cluster's immense gravity magnifies and distorts the light from the distant galaxy behind it, creating the multiple images. The galaxy cluster, catalogued as SDSS J223010.47-081017.8, is 7 billion light-years from Earth. Hubble has observed many gravitationally lensed galaxies. However, the images spotted in this Hubble snapshot are unique. Two of the magnified images, shown in the pull-out at bottom right, are exact copies of each other. The two bright ovals are the cores of the galaxy. This rare phenomenon occurs because the background galaxy straddles a ripple in the fabric of space. This“ripple” is an area of greatest magnification, caused by the gravity of dense amounts of dark matter, the unseen glue that makes up most of the universe's mass. As light from the faraway galaxy passes through the cluster along this ripple, two mirror images are produced, along with a third imagethat can be seen off to the side. A close-up of the third image is shown in the pull-out at top right. This image most closely resembles the remote galaxy, which is located more than 11 billion light-years away. Based on a reconstruction of this image, the researchers determined that the distant galaxy appears to an edge-on, barred spiral with ongoing, clumpy star formation. The mirror images are named “Hamilton’s Object" for the astronomer who discovered them.
Short title	Hubble Showcases Hamilton’s Object
Usage terms	Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Date and time of data generation	17:00, 7 October 2021
JPEG file comment	Gazing into the universe is like looking into a funhouse mirror. That's because gravity warps the fabric of space, creating optical illusions. Many of these optical illusions appear when a distant galaxy's light is magnified, stretched, and brightened as it passes through a massive galaxy or galaxy cluster in front of it. This phenomenon, called gravitational lensing, produces multiple, stretched, and brightened images of the background galaxy. This phenomenon allows astronomers to study galaxies so distant they cannot be seen other than by the effects of gravitational lensing. The challenge is in trying to reconstruct the distant galaxies from the odd shapes produced by lensing. Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope stumbled upon one such odd shape while analyzing quasars, the blazing cores of active galaxies. They spotted two bright, linear objects that appeared to be mirror images of each other. Another oddball object was nearby. The features so befuddled the astronomers that it took them several years to unravel the mystery. With the help of two gravitational-lensing experts, the researchers determined that the three objects were the distorted images of a faraway, undiscovered galaxy. But the biggest surprise was that the linear objects were exact copies of each other, a rare occurrence caused by the precise alignment of the background galaxy and the foreground lensing cluster.
Software used	Adobe Photoshop 22.4 (Macintosh)
File change date and time	16:46, 13 September 2021
Date and time of digitizing	11:50, 11 August 2021
Date metadata was last modified	13:22, 13 September 2021
Unique ID of original document	xmp.did:d845cfd7-af64-4114-a2a4-b3e34695f5a3
Keywords	SDSS J223010.47-081017.8
Contact information	outreach@stsci.edu https://esahubble.org ESA Office, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr Baltimore, MD, 21218 United States 410-338-4444
IIM version	4

File:Hubble Showcases Hamilton’s Object.jpg

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