Euthalia monina, the powdered baron or Malay baron, is a species of nymphalid butterfly. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1859.
| Euthalia monina | |
|---|---|
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| E. m. tanagra from Palawan, the Philippines | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Euthalia |
| Species: | E. monina
|
| Binomial name | |
| Euthalia monina (Moore, 1859)
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| Synonyms | |
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Subspecies edit
- E. m. monina (Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, Langkawi) – Malay baron
- E. m. insularis Eliot, 1978 – (Peninsular Malaysia)
- E. m. kesava (Moore, 1859) (Sikkim to Assam, Myanmar, southern Yunnan) – powdered baron
- E. m. discipilota Moore, 1878 – (northern Myanmar)
- E. m. remias Corbet – (central Myanmar to Thailand)
- E. m. varius Tsukada, 1991
- E. m. grahami Riley & Godfrey, 1921 – (Peninsular Thailand)
- E. m. sastra Fruhstorfer – (Indochina)
- E. m. tudela Fruhstorfer – (southern China, Hainan)
- E. m. erana de Nicéville – (Sumatra, Batu Islands)
- E. m. cordata Weymer, 1887 – (Nias Island)
- E. m. ilka Fruhstorfer, 1899 – (northern Borneo)
- E. m. natuna Fruhstorfer, 1906 – (Natuna Islands)
- E. m. indras Vollenhoven – (southern Borneo)
- E. m. salia (Moore, 1857) – (Java)
- E. m. tanagra Staudinger – (Palawan)
- E. m. suluana Fruhstorfer, 1902 – (Sulu Island)
- E. m. sramana Fruhstorfer, 1913 – (Bali)
- E. m. obsoleta Fruhstorfer, 1897 – (Lombok)
- E. m. jiwabaruana Eliot, 1980 – (Mentawai Islands)
[1] Several forms are described for subspecies monina, including form monina, decorata (Butler, 1869) and gardineri (Fruhstorfer, 1906). [1]
Description edit
The wingspan of these butterflies can reach about 50–70 millimetres (2.0–2.8 in).[2] The males of Euthalia monina have blackish or dark brown wings, with a blue-green iridescence on the outer part. The wings of the females are dark brown with pale greyish markings.[3]
Biology edit
Known host plants of the caterpillars include: Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae), Diospyros melanoxylon (Ebenaceae), Macaranga hullettii, Mallotus subpeltatus (Euphorbiaceae), and Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae). [1][4]
Distribution and habitat edit
This species can be found in Asia, mainly in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Peninsular Malaya, Sikkim - Assam, Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand.[1] This butterfly prefers small clearings, glades and trails in primary rainforests, at an elevation of 0–1,000 metres (0–3,281 ft) above sea level.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b c d Savela, Markku (15 December 2018). "Euthalia monina (Fabricius, 1787)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ "Samui Butterflies". Archived from the original on 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2014-08-30.
- ^ a b Learn about Butterflies
- ^ Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Lepidoptera Genus: Euthalia Lepidoptera Species: monina". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
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