Elsie Stephenson (22 January 1916 – 16 July 1967) was the first Director of the Nursing Studies Unit at the University of Edinburgh,[1] which was founded in 1956[2] as the first university department of Nursing in the UK.[3]
Early life edit
Stephenson was the daughter of a farmer, Henry Walker Stephenson, and Ethel Watson, and was born at Crawleas Farm, Merrington, in Bishop Auckland, County Durham.[4] Her father's death in 1919 in the influenza epidemic has been cited as her motivation for becoming a nurse.[1]
From 1926 to 1933, Stephenson attended Newmarket Grammar School.[4] Stephenson failed her final school examinations and did not graduate from university.[5]
On leaving school, Stephenson became a member of the Newmarket branch of the Red Cross.[3] She began her General Nurse training at West Suffolk Hospital in Bury St Edmunds.[4]
Career edit
When she had completed her nursing training with the British Red Cross, Stephenson worked overseas with the Red Cross both before and after the Second World War.[5] This included working with Yugoslavian refugees in Egypt, in Italian refugee camps, in a mobile hospital for displaced Yugoslavian refugees in Germany and on an advisory board for child welfare in post-war Berlin.[3]
From 1947 to 1948, Stephenson held a Florence Nightingale Scholarship for the study of public health administration at the University of Toronto.[3]
Stephenson also worked in the American zone in Germany for the Red Cross and went on to work in Singapore, North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak.[3] The Glasgow Herald reported that, here, she was the first white woman to have been seen in one community and she delivered a baby to a 'headhunter' in another.[3]
After leaving the Red Cross, she assumed the position of County Nursing Officer for East Suffolk in 1948; this was at the very beginnings of the NHS.[3] This was followed by a position in community nursing in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1950.[3] Here, Stephenson participated in a research project which was published in 1956 as the Jameson Report, "An Enquiry into Health Visiting" - the report led to reform within health visiting.[4] The Jameson Report had a particular focus on maternal mental health.[6]
Her appointment as founding Director of the Nursing Studies Unit at the University of Edinburgh in June 1956 shocked members of the Scottish nursing community due to her lack of university education and teaching experience.[2] Gladys Beaumont Carter who had both an academic and nursing background had done the research that led to the creation of the unit but she had become ill that year.[7]
In her post as Director, Stephenson oversaw a new training scheme that expected students to graduate in an arts or humanities discipline before taking their nursing qualification.[8] In 1964 a degree programme in Nursing was established, as well as a school for overseas students, which was supported by the World Health Organization.[4]
Stephenson supervised nursing students including Annie Altschul (co-supervised with Henry Walton), whose MSc thesis was completed in 1967, and her influence was acknowledged by Audrey John.[9]
Family life edit
On 14 November 1964, Stephenson married William Henry Gardner, son of the printer, William John Gardner.[4] Stephenson and Gardner had met at the Stockholm Red Cross conference in August 1948.[4]
Death edit
Stephenson died of lung cancer on 16 July 1967, in City Hospital, Edinburgh.[4] Her body was donated to medical research and her remains were buried at Walthamstow.[4]
Legacy edit
Stephenson has been described as having 'established nursing as a serious academic subject in one of our oldest and most distinguished universities'.[10]
Within days of Stephenson's death in 1967, the University of Edinburgh set up the Special (Elsie Stephenson) Nursing Studies Fund, with the aim of developing the work of the Department of Nursing Studies at the University.[11] The University of Edinburgh hosts an annual Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture, which celebrates the work of Stephenson.[12]
Eight years after Stephenson's death a launch called 'The Elsie Stephenson' was blessed in Kuching.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b "Elsie Stephenson". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ a b Tilley, Stephen (2008). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons. p. 35.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Allan, Sheila (15 September 1986). "University pioneer for nursing". The Glasgow Herald. p. 6. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Weir, Rosemary (2004). "Stephenson, Elsie". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49539. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b Simith, James P. (1990). "Elsie Stephenson: Britain's Nursing Messiah of the Twentieth Century". Journal of Advanced Nursing. 15 (11): 1233. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x. PMID 2269744.
- ^ Baldwin, S. (19 June 2012). "Exploring the professional identity of health visitors". Nursing Times. 108 (25): 12–5. PMID 22856095. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ Boschma, Geertje (2005). Faculty of Nursing on the Move: Nursing at the University of Calgary, 1969-2004. University of Calgary Press. ISBN 978-1-55238-112-0.
- ^ "Medical News". The British Medical Journal. 1 (5185): 1580–1582. 21 May 1960. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5185.1580. S2CID 220219355.
- ^ Tilley, Stephen (15 April 2008). Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing: The Field of Knowledge. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 42–43.
- ^ Ross, Fiona. "Elsie Stephenson". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
- ^ Wilson, Kathleen J. W. (October 1968). "Memorial Fund Honors Scottish Nurse". The American Journal of Nursing. 68 (10): 2120. doi:10.2307/3420748. JSTOR 3420748.
- ^ "11th Elsie Stephenson Memorial Lecture". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.