Elias Riggs (November 19, 1810 – January 17, 1901) was an American Presbyterian missionary and linguist.[1][2][3]
Elias Riggs | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 19 November 1810 |
| Died | 17 January 1901 (aged 90) |
| Resting place | Feriköy Protestant Cemetery, Istanbul, Turkey |
| Education | Hanover College; Amherst College; Andover Theological Seminary |
| Occupation(s) | missionary, linguist |
| Employer | American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions |
| Known for | the Translation of the Scriptures into Armenian and Bulgarian |
| Spouse | Martha Jane Dalzel
(m. 1832; died 1887) |
| Children | eight |
Biography edit
Elias Riggs was born on November 19, 1810, in New Providence, New Jersey.[1] He was the second son of Elias and Margaret (Congar) Hudson Riggs. His father was the pastor of the local Presbyterian church.[4][5]
During his missionary activities in the Ottoman Empire he contributed greatly to the Bulgarian National Revival. He organized with Albert Long the first translation (by Neofit Rilski), and worked on editing, printing and dissemination of a translation of the Bible into modern Bulgarian.[6][7][8] In 1844 he published the first Grammar of the modern Bulgarian language. Riggs did research on Chaldee Language, and also guided the translation of the Bible into modern Armenian language.[4][9]
The government and church of newly independent Greece originally opposed Riggs' mission, but later had to accept American and British Protestant activities among Christians other than Greeks. Riggs took part in negotiations identifying the then actual ethnic delimitation between Greeks and Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire, resulting in an approximate line drawn between Serres and Edessa in Macedonia north of which the Christian population was recognized as predominantly Bulgarian. Subsequently, the 1876 Constantinople Conference of the Great Powers confirmed that early delimitation in its more comprehensive definition of ethnic Bulgarian lands as of the late 19th century.[9]
Publications edit
- Suggested Emendations of the Authorized English Version of the Old Testament (1873)
- Suggested Modifications of the Revised Version of the New Testament
- Some Reasons in Favor of Retouching the Revised English Version of the Scriptures
- Notes on difficult passages of the New Testament
- A Manual of the Chaldee Language
Honour edit
Riggs Peak on Smith Island, South Shetland Islands is named after Elias Riggs.[10]
References edit
- ^ a b Leonard, John. W., ed. (1900). WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA; A Biographical Dictionary of Living Men and Women of the United States 1899-1900 (1 ed.). Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Company. p. 606. Retrieved August 30, 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Schaff, Philip; Jackson, Samuel Macauley, eds. (1887). "RIGGS, Elias D.D.". Encyclopedia of Living Divines and Christian Workers of All Denominations in Europe and America. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, Publishers. p. 181.
- ^ Stowe, David M. (1998). "RIGGS, Elias". In Anderson, Gerald H. (ed.). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 570-571.
- ^ a b Wright Jr., Walter L. (1935). "Riggs, Elias". In Malone, Dumas (ed.). Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. 15 (Platt-Roberdeau). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 602–603. Retrieved April 13, 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Doğan, Mehmet Ali (2011). "Elias Riggs and the Missionary Activities of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in Greece (1832-1838)". International Review of Turkology. IV (8). Retrieved September 10, 2015. "The second son of a Presbyterian clergyman, Elias Riggs was born at New Providence, New Jersey, on November 19, 1810, the year in which the ABCFM was established."
- ^ Wiener, Leo (February 1898). "America's Share in the Regeneration of Bulgaria (1840-1859)". Modern Language Notes. 13 (2): 33–41. doi:10.2307/2918140. JSTOR 2918140. Retrieved January 4, 2020 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Hamlin, Cyrus (1877). Among the Turks (1 ed.). New York: American Tract Society. pp. 261–262. Retrieved 1 September 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Washburn, George (1909). Fifty Years in Constantinople and Recollections of Robert College (1 ed.). Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 65, 276. Retrieved August 30, 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b Georgi Genov. American Elias Riggs and his contribution to the Bulgarian National Revival Archived 2008-05-03 at the Wayback Machine. Historical Archives. Sofia, Issue 9-10, November 2000 - May 2001. (in Bulgarian)
- ^ "Riggs Peak", SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica, retrieved 30 August 2018
External links edit
- Notes on the Grammar of the Bulgarian language - 1844 - Smyrna (now Izmir) - Elias Riggs
- Reminiscences for My Children by Elias Riggs, Missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. in Greece and Turkey (not published). 1891. Retrieved 8 November 2021 – via Digital Library for International Research.
- Dwight, Henry O. (March 1901). "A Mighty Worker before the Lord". The Missionary Herald: 98-103. Retrieved 10 November 2021 – via Internet Archive.
- Memorial service for the late Rev. Elias Riggs, D.D., LL.D.: missionary of the American Board of commissioners for Foreign Missions. 1901. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- Works by or about Elias Riggs at Internet Archive
- Clarke, Rev. J. F. (1901). Sketch of the European Turkey Mission of the American Board. Boston: American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. p. 10. hdl:2027/nnc2.ark:/13960/t47q2b09j. Retrieved September 6, 2018 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.
- The Riggs Papers, retrieved August 31, 2018 – via Digital Library for International Research
- Buchan, John, ed. (1924). "Bulgaria". Bulgaria and Romania: The Nations of Today; A New History of the World. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 36. Retrieved 19 June 2021 – via Internet Archive.