The Etchmiadzin uezd[a] was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, Erivan uezd to the north, the Surmalu uezd to the south, and the Kars Oblast to the west. It included all of the Armavir Province and most of the Aragatsotn Province of present-day Armenia. The administrative centre of the county was Vagorshapat (Vagharshapat), also referred to as Etchmiadzin—the administrative capital of the Armenian Apostolic Church.[2]
Etchmiadzin uezd
Эчміадзинскій уѣздъ | |
|---|---|
.png) Coat of arms | |
 Location in the Erivan Governorate | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Governorate | Erivan |
| Established | 1849 |
| Abolished | 1930 |
| Capital | Vagorshapat (present-day Vagharshapat) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,684.36 km2 (1,422.54 sq mi) |
| Population (1916) | |
| • Total | 167,786 |
| • Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| • Rural | 100.00% |
Administrative divisions edit
The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Etchmiadzin uezd in 1913 were as follows:[3]
| Name | 1912 population | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1-y uchastok (1-й участокъ) | 35,411 | 820.62 square versts (933.92 km2; 360.59 sq mi) |
| 2-y uchastok (2-й участокъ) | 56,711 | 431.09 square versts (490.61 km2; 189.42 sq mi) |
| 3-y uchastok (3-й участокъ) | 31,332 | 982.43 square versts (1,118.07 km2; 431.69 sq mi) |
| 4-y uchastok (4-й участокъ) | 33,469 | 1,003.26 square versts (1,141.77 km2; 440.84 sq mi) |
Demographics edit
Russian Empire Census edit
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Etchmiadzin uezd had a population of 124,237 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 65,072 men and 59,165 women. The majority of the population indicated Armenian to be their mother tongue, with significant Tatar[b] and Kurdish speaking minorities.[6]
| Language | Native speakers | % |
|---|---|---|
| Armenian | 77,572 | 62.44 |
| Tatar[b] | 35,999 | 28.98 |
| Kurdish | 9,724 | 7.83 |
| Tat | 439 | 0.35 |
| Assyrian | 198 | 0.16 |
| Russian | 94 | 0.08 |
| Ukrainian | 81 | 0.07 |
| Georgian | 51 | 0.04 |
| Jewish | 27 | 0.02 |
| Turkish | 9 | 0.01 |
| Persian | 8 | 0.01 |
| Polish | 8 | 0.01 |
| Greek | 5 | 0.00 |
| German | 2 | 0.00 |
| Other | 20 | 0.02 |
| TOTAL | 124,237 | 100.00 |
Kavkazskiy kalendar edit
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Etchmiadzin uezd had a population of 167,786 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 86,716 men and 81,070 women, 148,794 of whom were the permanent population, and 18,992 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly Armenian population with sizeable Shia Muslim and Kurdish minorities:[7]
| Nationality | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Armenians | 115,026 | 68.56 |
| Shia Muslims[c] | 41,310 | 24.62 |
| Kurds | 9,653 | 5.75 |
| Yazidis | 1,118 | 0.67 |
| Roma | 410 | 0.24 |
| Asiatic Christians | 186 | 0.11 |
| Jews | 42 | 0.03 |
| Russians | 41 | 0.02 |
| TOTAL | 167,786 | 100.00 |
Notes edit
- ^
- ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[4][5]
- ^ Primarily Tatars.[8]
References edit
- ^ Sâmî, Şemseddîn (1889). قاموس الاعلام: تاریخ و جغرافیا لغاتنی و تعبیر اصحله كافه اسماء خاصهیی جامعدر (in Ottoman Turkish). Mihran Matbaası. pp. 840–841 – via Google Books.
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 172–179.
- ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 214–221.
- ^ Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
Bibliography edit
- Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.
- Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
- Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
- Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.
40°10′22″N 44°17′33″E / 40.17278°N 44.29250°E
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