Dorothy Leigh Mainor (September 3, 1910 – February 19, 1996), known as Dorothy Maynor, was an American soprano, concert singer, and the founder of the Harlem School of the Arts. Maynor is noted as the first African–American to sing at a presidential inauguration, performing at President Harry S. Truman's inaugural gala in 1949.
Dorothy Maynor | |
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| Background information | |
| Birth name | Dorothy Leigh Mainor |
| Born | September 3, 1910 Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. |
| Died | February 19, 1996 (aged 85) West Chester, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Genres | Opera |
| Years active | 1933–1979 |
Biography edit
Early life and education edit
Born Dorothy Leigh Mainor on September 3, 1910 in the town of Norfolk, Virginia, Maynor's parents were the Reverend John J. Mainor, a local African-American Methodist minister and his wife Alice (Jefferson) Mainor. Maynor attended Hampton Institute where she studied under R. Nathaniel Dett. After her graduation from the Institute in 1933, Maynor received a four-year scholarship to the Westminster Choir School in Princeton, New Jersey.[1]
Career edit
In 1939, Maynor performed at the Berkshire Festival where she was noticed by Sergei Koussevitzky, conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Impressed by her singing, he arranged her debut at The Town Hall in New York City on 9 December 1939. She received the Town Hall Endowment Series Award for 1940 as a result of this performance.[2] In New York, she was taught by voice instructors William Clamroth and John Alan Haughton.[3] Despite the fact that racism precluded her from performing in opera houses, Maynor toured extensively throughout the US, Europe, and Latin America, performing in concert halls and frequently on the radio. In 1949, Maynor became the first African–American to sing at a presidential inauguration, performing at President Harry S. Truman's inaugural gala in 1949.[4] and at President Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1953 presidential inauguration at Constitution Hall,[5] where the Daughters of the American Revolution famously refused to let Marian Anderson sing in 1939. Though many maintain that Anderson's performance at Eisenhower's 1957 inauguration broke color barriers, Maynor's performances have received comparably less attention, despite predating Anderson by eight years. In 1949, Maynor was featured in an episode of Richard Durham's radio drama Destination Freedom, with Charmaine Anderson playing her character.[6] In 1964, Maynor founded the Harlem School of the Arts which was designed to give music education at a reduced rate to the children of Harlem.[7] Under Maynor's directorship the school grew from 20 students to 1,000 by the time of her retirement in 1979. She received honorary degrees from several universities including Westminster Choir College, Oberlin College, The Hartt School of Music (University of Hartford), and two degrees from Howard University. In 1975, Maynor became the first African-American on the board of directors of the Metropolitan Opera.
Personal life and death edit
In 1942, Maynor married Reverend Shelby Rooks, the pastor of Harlem's St. James Presbyterian Church where the Harlem School of the Arts was originally located. After her retirement from the school, Maynor moved to Kennett Square, Pennsylvania with her husband.[8] Maynor died on 19 February 1996 in West Chester, Pennsylvania.[8]
References edit
- ^ Block, Maxine (1952). Current Biography Yearbook. H.W. Wilson Company. p. 419.
- ^ "Dorothy Maynor Wins Award by Town Hall". Musical America. 1940-03-24. p. 33.
- ^ Southern, Eileen (1997). The Music of Black Americans. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 414. ISBN 0393038432.
- ^ "Inaugural Gala Performer Dorothy Maynor". Harry S. Truman Library & Museum. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ "How Negros Participated". Jet. No. 15 Vol 3. 5 February 1953. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
- ^ "Norfolk Miracle : the Story of Dorothy Maynor" OCLC 212431586, ISBN 978-1931180221; rebroadcast in February 2002 by station KGNU
- ^ "Fine Arts School: Dorothy Maynor Heads Cultural Center". Ebony. May 1996. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ^ a b Grimes, William (1996-02-24). "Dorothy Maynor, 85, Soprano and Arts School Founder, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2009.